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Palynological evidence for a late cretaceous age for the patti formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria
Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 513-523, 1993
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Pergamon
Copyright © 1994 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0899-5362/93 $6.00 + 0.00
0899-5362(94)E0008-3
Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria C. M. AGYINGI Fuel Resources Department,GeologicalSurveyof Japan, 1-1-3 Higashi,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan (First received 16th December, 1992; revisedversion received 10th May, 1993) Abstract - Three lithostratigraphicunits are mappable in the easternBida Basin. They includefrom top to bottom the AgbajaIronstone,PattiFormation,and LokojaSandstone.Thirtyone palynomorphfromspecies aredescribedfromthe Patti Formation.The Palynomorphassemblageindicatesa Campano-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) age. The Patti Formationhas thereforebeen assigned a campano-Maastrichtianage while the underlyingLokojaSandstone and the overlyingAgbaja Ironstone both of which are barren of fossils, are either Campano-Maastrichtianor older, and Campano-Maastrichtianor youngerrespectively.
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGIC SETTING
W o r k in the Bida B a s i n {Fig. I) d a t e s as far b a c k as 1904 w h e n F a l c o n e r discovered a t h i c k deposit of oolitic to pisolitic i r o n s t o n e s capping M o u n t Patti, a p l a t e a u n e a r Lokoja. O t h e r w o r k e r s including R u s s (1931), J o n e s (1955, u n p u b l i s h e d ) , Adeleye a n d D e s s a u v a g i e (1973), Adeleye a n d Badejoko (1975), a n d W h i t e m a n (1982) s t u d i e d t h e s e i r o n s t o n e s , w h i c h were believed to be of economic i m p o r t a n c e , a n d described t h e lithos t r a t i g r a p h y of o t h e r u n i t s in t h e basin. J a n du C h e n e e t al. (1978) s t u d i e d the palynology a n d foraminifera of some o u t c r o p s in the e a s t e r n Bida B a s i n in w h a t t h e y referred to as the Lokoja S a n d s t o n e a n d s u g g e s t e d a M a a s t r i c h t i a n age. However, a detailed s t u d y in the s a m e area by Agyingi (1991) h a s revealed t h a t t h e s e o u t c r o p s a c t u a l l y c o n s t i t u t e part of t h e Patti F o r m a t i o n (Jones, 1955) a n d not t h e Lokoja Formation. In t h i s s t u d y , the fossil c o n t e n t of s u r f a c e lithologic u n i t s w i t h i n t h e e a s t e r n part of the b a s i n w a s investigated to establish a biostratigraphic s c h e m e for the area. These i n c l u d e d a composite of 100 m of s e d i m e n t s for t h e Lokoja F o r m a t i o n , 220 m for t h e Patti F o r m a t i o n a n d 18 m for the Agbaja F o r m a t i o n . Of all t h e sections investigated only a few o u t c r o p s belonging to t h e Patti F o r m a t i o n were f o u n d to c o n t a i n spores, pollen a n d acritarchs. The p a l y n o m o r p h c o n t e n t of some d a r k shale (outcrop) s a m p l e s of t h e Patti F o r m a t i o n w a s s t u d i e d . S a m p l e s were collected from three locations in t h e field (Fig. 1). The relative s t r a t i g r a p h i c positions of s a m p l i n g p o i n t s are i n d i c a t e d on lithologic c o l u m s (Fig. 2) for e a c h location.
The Bida Basin, in c e n t r a l Nigeria, lies b e t w e e n l a t i t u d e s 7 ° 30' a n d 10 ° 30' north, a n d longitudes 4 ° 31' a n d 7 ° 15' east. The origin of t h e Bida B a s i n h a s b e e n the source of m u c h d i s c u s s i o n a n d speculation. King (1950) saw the b a s i n a s a rift b o u n d t e n s i o n a l s t r u c t u r e p r o d u c e d as S o u t h America a n d Africa s e p a r a t e d in Aptian-Albian times. Other a u t h o r s including Adeleye (1972) and W h i t e m a n (1982) believe the Bida B a s i n to be a p o s t - S a n t o n i a n shallow d o w n - w a r p e d s t r u c t u r e formed by isostatic s u b s i d e n c e in r e s p o n s e to uplift resulting from folding of s e d i m e n t s in the a d j a c e n t B e n u e T r o u g h d u r i n g the S a n t o n i a n . Agyingi (1991, u n p u b l i s h e d ) s u p p o r t s t h e idea of a probable p r e - S a n t o n i a n rift origin for the Blda B a s i n b a s e d on s t r u c t u r a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of landsat a n d r a d a r imageries, a n d d e p t h to b a s e m e n t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of a e r o m a g n e t i c m a p s . J o n e s (1955, u n p u b l i s h e d ) recognized three f o r m a t i o n s in e a s t e r n Bida Basin. T h e y comprise from the b a s e the Lokoja S a n d s t o n e , Patti Formation a n d Agbaja Ironstone. The Lokoja F o r m a t i o n c o n s i s t s of b a s a l c o n g l o m e r a t e s , conglomeratic s a n d s t o n e s a n d s a n d s t o n e s . The s e d i m e n t characteristics are a k i n to m o d e r n alluvial f a n to braided s t r e a m deposits. The Patti F o r m a t i o n c o n s i s t s of s a n d s t o n e s , m u d s t o n e s a n d c a r b o n a c e o u s shales. The s e d i m e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s are similar to m o d e r n m e a n d e r i n g s t r e a m deposits. The Agbaja F o r m a t i o n c o n s i s t s of oolitic ironstones. T h e y are probably t h e diagenetic p r o d u c t of iron-rich kaolinitic m u d s deposited in a shallow sea (Agylngi, 1991, u n p u b l i s h e d ) .
513
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Separation Techniques
w a s followed b y a 2 4 h o u r 6 0 % hydrofluoric acid
Ten grams of each sample c r u s h e d to about 2 m m m e s h size w a s treated with 5 % p o t a s s i u m hydroxide in a hot water bath for 10 minutes. This
treatment, a 10 m i n u t e treatment in w a r m 10 % hydrochloric acid and gravity separation. Details of sample extraction t e c h n i q u e s are described in Agyingi (1991, unpublished). The extracted sam-
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Geologic map of study area after Agyingi (1991) showing sample locations and a stratigraphic scheme for the area.
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Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria
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516
C.M. AGYINGI SYSTEMATIC PALYNOLOGY Division I SPORITES H. Potonid, 1893 Class A TRILETES(Reinsch, 1881) Potonid and Kremp, 1954 Genus Cingulatisporites Thomson, 1953. Cingulatisporites ornatus Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964, Plate I (fig. 1).
In the samples treated, pollen, spores and some palynomorph from species with marine affinity (acritarchs) were observed (Table I). Some of these palynomorph form species were described by J a n du Chene et al. (1978) from the same area and for s u c h forms only the stratigraphic and geographic distribution is highlighted. A brief description is given of the palynomorph from species identified in the s t u d y area for the first time. The coordinates of some of the species identified were recorded in two microscope stage dimensions (order X/Y).
Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: M a a s t r i c h t i a n Coal M e a s u r e s , Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1964), Maastrichtian S. W. Nigeria (Jan du ChEne, et al., 1978) Maastrichtian Gombe Sandstone N. Nigeria (Lawal, 1982).
Table I, Palynomorphs described from the Patti Formation.
S p o r • s
Lpalyno~ Lpalynomorphs
Loc. no.
Cin~ulatispoHtes ornatus Concavissimisporites sp Distaverrusporites simplex Faveotriletes mar~a6tae Ru~ulatisporites caperatus Polypodiacecisporites retirugatus Gleicheniidites sp.
Sld. no. i 1 + i.~ • i+ + i~ ~
Ephedripites re~ularis Ephedripites multicustatus Ephedripites ambi~uus Ephedripetes sp. Psilamonocolpites minor Monosulcites sp. iLongapertites microfoveolatus L ongapertites mar~inatus Auriculiidites reticulatus Periretisyncolpites sp. Syncolporites ifeensis Tricolporites sp. 1 Tricolpo6tes sp. 2 Tricolporites sp. 3 Milfordia sp. Echitriporites trianguliformis Echitriporites trian~uliformis fb Proteacidites sp. 1 Proteacidites sp. 2 Scabratriporites simpliformis Triporites sp. 1 Triporites sp. 2 Stephanocolporate zonorate
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+labundant l"lcommonl J*lrare I I I I I
Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria G e n u s Concavissimisporites D e t t m a n n a n d Hughes, 1962 Concavissimisporites sp. Plate I (fig. 2).
Illustrated specimen; Slide 1-6, Patti, U. I. Sed. Lab., Coordinates; 5 0 / 1 1 0 . Description: Trilete spore, triangular in equatorial view, radially symmetrical, r o u n d e d at the apices and concave at the edges. The s c u l p t u r e is g r a n u l a r to microverrucate. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 24-35 llm; exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 Ilm. Stratlgraphic and geographic distribution: Upper Cretaceous Pindiga Formation, N. Nigeria (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Distaverrusporites Muller, 1968 Distaverrusporites simplex Muller, 1968, Plate I (fig. 3).
Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: S e n o n i a n S a n d s t o n e Sarawak, Malaysia (Muller, 1968), Maastritchtian SW. Nigeria (Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1966), C a m p a n i a n / M a a s t r i c h t i a n Gombe S a n d s t o n e N. Nigeria (Lawal, 1982) Upper Cretaceus Pindiga Formation (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Foveotriletes (Van der H a m m e n , 1954), Potoni6, 1956 Faveotriletes margaritae Van der H a m m e n , 1968, Plate I (fig. 4).
Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: Maastrichtian G u a g u a s Formation Colombia (Van der H a m m e n , 1954), Maastrichtian to lower Paleocene Tropical zone (Germeraad et al., 1968), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian Magdalena Colombia (Sole de Porta, 1972a, 1972b), Maastrichtian to Paleocene S. W Nigeria (Jan du C h i n e etal., 1978), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian Gombe S a n d s t o n e N. Nigeria (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Rugulatisporites Pflug, 1953 Rugulatisporites caperatus Van HoekenK1inkenberg, 1964, Plate I (fig. 5).
Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: Maastrichtian lower Coal Measures, Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1964), C a m p a n i a n Magdalena, Colombia (Solde de Porta, 1972a), u p p e r Cretaceous Pindiga Formation (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Polypodiaceoisporites Potoni6, 1951 cf Polypodiacecisporites retirugatus Muller, 1968; Plate I (fig. 6).
Description: Trilete, triangular with rounded apices a n d radially symmetrical. The exine is thick a n d
517
t h i n s o u t at the r o u n d e d apices. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 40-55 lam. Exine t h i c k n e s s 2 ~tm. Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: S e n o n i a n to Paleocene Sarawak, Malaysia (Muller, 1968), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian Gombe Sandstone (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Gleicheniidites Ross ex Delcourt & S p r u m o n t , 1955 Gleicheniidites sp. Plate I (fig. 7). T y p e specimen: Slide 1-2, Pattti U. I. Sed. Lab.; Coordinates 17.3/95.2. Description: Trilete, anisopolar, radially symmetrical, triangular in polar view, r o u n d e d at the apices with convex edges and scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 28 m m . Exine t h i c k n e s s 1 llm, Length oftrilete b r a n c h e s up to 12 l.tm. DIVISION II POLLENITES POTONIE, 1931 Class PLICATESPotoni6, 1970 G e n u s Epheclripites Bolchovitina, 1953. Ephedripites regularts Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964. Plate I (fig. 8}.
Description: Polyplicate pollen, elltpsoidal a n d radially symmetrical. Dimensions: Length 50-57 lim, width 20-25 Ilm, exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 lira. Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: Maastrichtian, Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1964), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian Gombe Sandstone {Lawal, 1982).
Ephedripites multicustatus Brenner, 1963 Plate I (fig. 9).
Description: Poliplicate pollen ellipsoidal a n d radially symmetrical. Dimensions: Length 20-25 I~m, width 15-18 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 lira. Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: Albian to Cenomanian USA (Brenner, 1963), Albian to S e n o n i a n Ivory Coast a n d Senegal (Jardine a n d Magloire, 1965), Upper C r e t a c e o u s to Eocene Sarawak, Malaysia (Muller, 1968), Albian to Turonian, Gabon (Azema a n d Boltenhagen, 1974), S e n o n i a n S. W. Nigeria (Jan du Chane etal. 1978}, Upper Cretaceous Pindiga Formation (Lawal, 1982).
Ephedripites ambiguus; Hedlund, 1966; Plate I (fig. 10).
Description: Polyplicate pollen, ellipsoidal in equatorial view a n d circular in polar view. Dimensions: Length 45-60 lam, width 18-20 I~m.
C. M. AGYINGI
518
Stratigraphlc and geographic distribution: Upper Cretaceous, G h a n a (Baltes, 1966), Turonian, Gabon (Azema a n d Boltenhagen, 1974), Upper Cretac e o u s Pindiga F o r m a t i o n (Lawal, 1982).
G e n u s Auriculiidites Elsik, 1964 Auriculiidites reticulatus Elsik, 1964,
Ephedrites sp. Plate I (fig. I I). Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-3, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. C o o r d i n a t e s 3 2 . 4 / 1 2 . 7 . Description: Polyplicate pollen, ellipsoidal. Dimensions: Length 43-61 Itm. Width 16-22 llm. Class
Iverson a n d Troels Smith, 1950
Plate I (fig. 16).
Description: Monocolpate pollen, spherical to subspherical with a u r i c u l e s at the e x t r e m e s of t h e long axis a n d m i c r o g r a n u l a t e to reticulte. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: C a m p a n i a n , Peru (Elsik, 1964), lower Maastricht i a n S e n e g a l ( J a r d i n e a n d Magloire, 1965), C a m p a n i a n , Brazil (Regali et a/, 1974a), Upper C r e t a c e o u s Pindiga F o r m a t i o n (Lawal, 1982).
MONOCOLPITRAE
Genus Monocolpites Psilamonocolpites minor J a n d u C h e n e et al., 1978, Plate I (fig. 12). G e n u s Monosulcites C o o k s o n a n d Couper, 1958 Monosulcites sp. Plate I (fig. 13).
Illustrated specimen: Slide i - i , Patti U. I. Sed. Lab.; C o o r d i n a t e s 19.6/112. Description: Small pollen, elliptical in polar view, bilaterally s y m m e t r i c a l a n d psilate. Dimensions: Length of long axis 25-34 Jim, exine t h i c k n e s s - u p to 1 I1m. G e n u s Longerpertites Van HoekenKlinkerberg, 1964 Longapertites microfoveolatus J a n du C h e n e et al., 1978. Plate I (fig. 14).
Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: Paleocene Kerikeri Formation (Adegoke etal., 1978), M a a s t r i c h t i a n SW Nigeria (Jan du C h i n e et al., 1978), C a m p a n i a n to M a a s t r i c h t i a n Gombe Sandstone (Lawal, 1982),
Longapertites marginatus V a n HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964, Plate I (fig. 15)
Description: Monocolpate pollen with a long apert u r e a n d reticulate. Dimensions: Length 65 llm, width 50 l~m, exine t h i c k n e s s u p to 2 Itm. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: M a a s t r i c h t i a n S. E. Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1964), M a a s t r i c h t i a n to Mid-Eocene SW Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1966), Paleoc e n e Kerikeri F o r m a t i o n Nigeria (Adegoke et al., 1978), C a m p a n i a n to M a a s t r i c h t i a n Gombe Sandstone (Lawal, 1982).
Class TRICHOTOMOSUIX~ATESE r d t m a n , 1945 G e n u s Petriretisyncolpites Kiesser a n d J a n du Chene, 1979 Periretissyncolpites sp. Plate I (fig. 17).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-6, Patti U. I Sed. Lab.; Coordinates 2 2 . 6 / 9 6 . 2 . Description: Syncolpate with t h r e e sillons separating the pollen into three lobes a n d reticulate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 70 llm, length of sfllons 31-34 I~m, exine t h i c k n e s s 2 I~m. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: C a m p a n i a n to M a a s t r i c h t i a n Gombe S a n d s t o n e (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Syncolporites Van d e r H a m m e n , 1954 Syncolporites ifeensts J a n d u Chene, 1977; Plate I (fig. 18).
Description: Syncolpate t r i a n g u l a r in polar view a n d scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 19 l~m, length of colpi 8 l~m, d i a m e t e r of pores 3 I~m. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: Maastrichtian Tar S a n d s SW Nigeria (Jan du C h i n e , 1977). G e n u s Tricolporites Van d e r H a m m e n , 1954 Tricolporites sp. 1 Plate I (fig. 19).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-9, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab.; Coordinates; 8 / 9 6 . 8 . Description: Tricolporate pollen, triangular in polar view a n d psflate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 17 llm, length of colpi 4 tim, d i a m e t e r of pore 2 l~m, exine t h i c k n e s s 1 l~m.
Plate I. All magnifications XIO00. i. Cingulatisporites ornatus 2. Concavissimisporites sp. 3. Distaverrusporites simplex 4. Foveotriletes margaritae 6. Polypodiaceoisporites retirugatus 7. Gleicheniidites sp. I0. Ephedrrtpites ambiguus 11. Ephedripites sp. 14. Longapertites mlcrofoveolatus 15. Longapertites marginatus 18. Syncolpites g'eensis 19. Tricolporites sp. I
5. Rugulatisporites caperatus 8. Ephedripites regularis 9. Ephedripites multicustatus 12. Psilamonocolpites minor 13. Monosulcites sp. 16. Auriculiidites reticulatus 17. Periretisyncolpites sp. 20. Tricolporites sp. 2
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Tricolporites sp. 2 Plate I (fig. 20).
Nigeria ( J a n d u Chane, 1977), Upper C r e t a c e o u s Pindiga F o r m a t i o n (Lawal, 1982).
Type specimen: Slide 1-9, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab.
Echitriporites trianguliformis forma B, Lawal,
Coordinates; 3 6 / 1 0 2 . 8 . Description: Tricolporat e pollen, triangular in polar view a n d scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 36 I~m, length of colpi 3 lim, d i a m e t e r of pores 3 lain, exine thickness, u p to 2 I~m.
1982. Plate II (fig. 4).
Tricilporites sp. 3 Plate II (fig. I).
Description: Triporate isopolar, t r i a n g u l a r with straight to concave edges, radially s y m m e t r i c a l a n d coarsely echine. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 19-22 I~m, length of e c h i n a e 2-3 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 1 lam. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: Upper C r e t a c e o u s Pindiga Formation, (Lawal, 1982).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-9, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 19.2/99.6. Description: Tricolporate pollen, circularview a n d foveolate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 27 I~m, length of colpi 9 I~m, d i a m e t e r of pores 4 ltm, exine thickn e s s 2 lira.
CIassPOROSES POTONIE, 1960 S u b Class: Monoporines Potoni6, 1960 G e n u s Milfordia E r d t m a n , 1960 Milfordia sp Plate II (fig. 2).
G e n u s Proteacidites Cookson, 1950 Proteacidites sp. 1 Plate II (fig. 5).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 2-3, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 116.7/103.3. Description: Triporate pollen, t r i a n g u l a r in polar view, radially s y m m e r t r i c a l with concave edges a n d psilate to scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 25-36 llm, exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 l~m.
Proteaciclites sp. 2 Plate II (fig. 6). Illustrated specimen: Slide i - i , Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 2 3 . 4 / 9 6 . 7 .
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-8, Patti U. I. Sed.
Description: Large pollen grain, circular, mono-
Lab. Coordinates; 2 4 . 8 / 9 6 . 2 . Description: Triporate pollen, t r i a n g u l a r in polar view, radially s y m m e t r i c a l with convex edges a n d s c a b r a t e to m i c r o g r a n u l a t e . Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 25-36 l~m, diam e t e r of pores 5-7 I1m, exine t h i c k n e s s 2 Iam.
porate a n d with large circular pore. The exine is thick, a n d tectate. The o r n a m e n t a t i o n is foveolate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 38-76 Itm, diam e t e r of pores 12-16 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 l~m. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: Upper C r e t a c e o u s Pindiga F o r m a t i o n Lawal (1982). S u b Class Tr!porines Potoni6, 1960 G e n u s Echitriporites Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964 Echitriporites trianguliformis V a n HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964, Plate II (fig. 3).
Description: Triporate pollen isopolar, radially symmetrical, t r i a n g u l a r a n d convex in polar view a n d coarsely echinate. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 23-34/~m, length of e c h t n a e 1 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 1 llm. Stratlgraphic a n d g e o g r a p h i c distribution: M a a s t r i c h t i a n u p p e r Coal M e a s u r e s , Nigeria (Van H o e k e n Klinkenberg, 1964), M a a s t r i c h t i a n Senegal a n d Ivory Coast (Jardine a n d Magloire, 1965) M a a s t r i c h t i a n to Eocene, tropical regions ( G e m e r a a d et al., 1968), S e n o n i a n to Paleocene, M a l a y s i a (Muller, 1968), P a l e o c e n e to Lower Eocene, Brazil (Regali et al., 1974b), C a m p a n i a n to lower Maastrichtian, S u r i n a m (Belsky eta/., 1975), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian, G a b o n (Boltenhagen, 1976b), M a a s t r i c h t i a n B i t u m i n o u s S a n d s , W.
G e n u s Scabratriporites Van der H a m m e n , 1956 Scabratriporites simpliformis; Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1968, Plate II (fig. 7). G e n u s Triporites Van der H a m m e n , 1956 Triporites sp. 1 Plate II (fig. 8).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-1, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 2 3 . 4 / 9 7 . 6 . Description: T r i p o r a t e pollen, large, radially symmetrical, t r i a n g u l a r convex, a n d scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter, 83 I~m, exine thickness; 2 lam.
Triporites sp. 2 Plate II (fig. 9). Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-8, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 24.5/97.5. Description: Triporate pollen, circular in polar view with pores a r r a n g e d at the angles of a n equilateral triangle a n d baculate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 85 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 3 I~m, length of b a c u l a e 8-10 lain.
Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria
3
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O
I
Ib P l a t e II. All m a g n i f i c a t i o n s X I 0 0 0 , unless otherwise stated. I. Tricolpites sp. 3 2. Milfordia sp. 3. Echiriporites trianguliformis 4. Echitriporites trianguliformis forma B 5. Proteacidites sp. 1 6. Proteacidites sp. 2 7. Scabratriporites simpliformis 8. Triporites sp. I X 400 9. Triporites sp. 2 X 400 l O. Stephanocolporate zonorate i I. Acritarchs
521
522
C. M. AGYINGI
Class STEPHANOCOLPORATAEI v e r s o n a n d T r o e l s Smith, 1950
T. Sumii, and M. Watanabe of the Geological Survey of J a p a n . All assistance is gratefully acknowledged.
G e n u s Stephanocolporate (zone) K u y l et al., 1 9 5 5 Stephanocolporate ( z o n o r a t e ) sp; P l a t e II (fig. 10).
REFERENCES
Adegoke, O. S., Jan. du Chene, R., Agumanu, A . E . and Ajayi, F. O. 1978. Palynology and age of the Kerikeri Formation, Nigeria. Revista Espanola de Description: C o l p o r a t e pollen, r a d i a l l y s y m m e t r i Micropaleontologia I0, no. 2, 267-283. cal, i s o p o l a r , c i r c u l a r i n p o l a r v i e w w i t h 19 e q u a - Adeleye, D. R. and Dessauvagie, T. F. G. 1972. Stratitorially arranged colporate aperture and rugulate. graphy of the Middle Niger E m b a y m e n t near Bida, D i m e n s i o n s : E q u a t o r i a l d i a m e t e r , 3 9 - 4 8 llm; e x i n e Nigeria. Congress on African Geology, Ibadan Univ. Press 181-188. t h i c k n e s s 1-2 l~m. Adeleye, D. R. and Badejoko, T. A. 1975. Preliminary report on the Geology of the Agbaja Ironstone, Agbaja C l a s s ACRITARCHAEvitt, 1 9 6 3 Plateau. Nigerian Journal of Science 9, 1, 3-35. G e n u s Micrhystridium Agyingi, C. M. 1991. Unpublished, Geology of Upper Micrhystridium sp. P l a t e II (fig. I I). Cretaceous rocks in the eastern Bida Basin, Central Nigeria. Ph. D. Thesis, Ibadan Univ. Description: T h e p a l y n o m o r p h s c o n s i s t of s m a l l Azema, C. et Boltenhagen, E. 1974. Pollen d u Cretace spherical vesicles with filaments. Moyen du Gabon attribue a u x Ephedrales. PaleoDimensions: D i a m e t e r of v e s i c l e s 15-17 l~m, l e n g t h biologie Continentale 5, no. 1 1-37. of f i l a m e n t s 4 - 7 l_tm. Baltes, N. 1966. Palynological note on Cretaceous deposits of the Tano Basin, Ghana. Proc. Second W. African Micropal. Colloq. Ibadan, 3-7. CONCLUSION Belsky, C. Y., J a r d i n e , S., Prestat, B., Durif, P., Grosdidier, E., Cassan, J. et Gillmann, M. 1975. Etude The Patti Formation shales contain a predomistratigraphique et sedimentologique d'une coupe du nantly Maastrichtian palynomorph assemblage Cretace-Tertiaire a u large d u S u r i n a m . /X Inter i n c l u d i n g Cingulatisporites ornatus, Faveotrilites Guyana Geol. Bol. Geol. Venezuela, 179-197. margaritae, Rugulatisporites caperatus, EphedripiBoltenhagen, E. 1976b,. La Microflore Senoniene du tes m u m t i c u s t a t u s , Ephedripites ambiguus, PsilaGabon. Rev. de Micropal. 18, no. 4, 191-199. moncolpites minor, Longapertites microfoveolatus, Brenner, G. J. 1963. The spores and pollen of the Longapertites marginatus, Proteacidites sp, SyncolPotomac Group of Maryland. Dept. Geol. Mines and p o r i t e s ifeensis a n d Echitriporites trianguliformis. Water Res. Bull. 27, 1-215. S o m e C a m p a n o - M a a s t r i c h t i a n f o r m s i n c l u d i n g , Elsik, W. C. 1964. A new sporomograph genus from Eastern Peru. Pollen et Spore VI, no. 2, 601-604. Auriculiidites reticulatus a n d Periretisyncolpites sp. a r e also p r e s e n t . M a n y o f t h e s e s p e c i e s h a v e Germeraad, J. H., Hopping, C. A. and Muller, J. 1968. Palynology of Tertiary sediments from tropical areas. b e e n r e p o r t e d in p r e d o m i n a n t l y C a m p a n i a n to Rev. Paleobot. & Palynology 6, no. 3-4, 189-348. M a a s t r i c h t i a n r o c k s f r o m Nigeria, S o u t h A m e r i c a Hammen, T. Van der. 1954. El desarrollo de la flora S o u t h - E a s t A s i a a n d o t h e r p a r t s of t h e world. Colombiana en los epocase geologicos, I, MaastrichtiaBased on the palynomorph assemblage a no hasta Terciaro mas inferior. Boletin Geologico 2, 2, C a m p a n o - M a a s t r i c h t i a n age h a s b e e n a s s i g n e d to Bogota, 49-106. t h e P a t t i F o r m a t i o n . T h e u n d e r l y i n g Lokoj a S a n d - J a n du Chene, R. E. 1977. Some new pollen species of s t o n e w h i c h is b a r r e n i n fossils is e i t h e r C a m p a n o the u p p e r M a a s t r i c h t i a n T a r S a n d s , A b e o k u t a Maastrichtian or older while the overlying Agbaja Formation, S o u t h e r n Nigeria. Rev. Espagnola de F o r m a t i o n ( a l s o b a r r e n i n f o s s i l s ) is e i t h e r Micropaleontologia 9, no. 2, 191-201. J a n du Chene, R. E., de Klasz, I. andArchibong, E. 1978. Campano-Maastrichtian or younger. Biostratigraphic study of the bore hole Ojo -1, S. W. T h e o c c u r r e n c e of s o m e a c r i t a r c h s ( o r g a n i s m s Nigeria with special emphasis on the Cretaceous w i t h m a r i n e affinity) in a n e x c l u s i v e l y t e r r e s t r i a l Microflora. Rev. Esp. Micropal. 21, no. 3, 123-139. p a l y n o m o r p h a s s e m b l a g e is s u g g e s t i v e of a m i n o r J a n du Chene, R. E., Adegoke, O. S., Adediran, S. A. and marine influx probably into a marginal marine Petters, S. W. 1978. Palynology and foraminifera of the b a c k s w a m p w h i c h s e r v e d a s t h e e n v i r o n m e n t of Lokoja Sandstone (Maastrichtian), Bida Basin, Nigeria. deposition of the Patti Formation shales. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia 10 (3), 379393, Madrid. Acknowledgements - This m a n u s c r i p t is based on part Jardine, S. et Magloire, L. 1965. Palynologie et Stratigraof a Ph. D. thesis supervised by O. Agagu of Ibadan phie du Cretace des bassins du Senegal et de C6te University and J. Lawal of florin University. Assistance d'Ivoire. Mem. Bur. Geol. et Mini~res 32, 187-245. for sample extraction was provided by M. Sowunmi and Jones, H. A. 1955. Unpublished. The occurrence of O. Omotosho of Ibadan University, and L. Fatona of oolitic ironstones in Nigeria: their origin, geologic GEOTREX SYSTEMS Lagos. Support for manuscript history and petrology. D. Phil. dissertation, Oxford preparation was provided by F. Tumanda, S. Tokuhashi, Univ., England.
Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria King, L. 1950. Outline a n d distruption ofGondwanaland. Geol. Mag. I.XXXVII 5, 353-359. Lawal, J. 1982. Unpublished. Microbiostratigraphie des Formations Cr6tace, de la r6gion de Gombe, Nigeria Nord Orientale. Th~se, 3e Cycle, Nice, France. Muller, J. 1968. Palynology of the Pedawan Plateau Sandstone, C r e t a c e o u s - E o c e n e in Sarawak, Malaysia. Micropaleontology 14. Regali, M. S., Uesugui, N. et Santos; A. S. 1974a a n d b. Palinoligia des sedimentos Neso-Cenozoicos do Brasil. Bol. Tec. Petrobas 17, 177-191 and 263-301. Russ, W. 1931. The Minna-Birnin Gwari Belt. Report Geol. Surv. Nigeria, 21 p.
523
Sole De Porta, N. 1972a. Contribution a la palinologia del nivel de Lutifas Y Arenas (Campaniense) eu G u a t a q u i (Valle del Magdalena, Colombia). Rev. Esp. Micropal. 4, no. 2, 225-250. Sole De Porta, N. 1972b. Palinologia de la Formation C i m a r r o n a (Maastrichtiense eu el valle medio del Magdelena, Colombia. Studia Geologica IV, 103-142. Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg. 1964. A palynological investigation of some Upper Cretaceous s e d i m e n t s in Nigeria. Pollen et Spores VI, no. 1 , 2 0 9 - 2 3 1 . Van Hoeken-Kllnkenberg. 1966. Maastrichtian, Paleocene, a n d Eocene pollen and spores from Nigeria. Leidse Geol. Medeclel 38, 37-48. Whiteman, A. 1982. Nigeria, its Petroleum Geology Resources and Potential. 2 vols. G r a h a m and Trotman, London.
~)
Pergamon
Copyright © 1994 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0899-5362/93 $6.00 + 0.00
0899-5362(94)E0008-3
Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria C. M. AGYINGI Fuel Resources Department,GeologicalSurveyof Japan, 1-1-3 Higashi,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan (First received 16th December, 1992; revisedversion received 10th May, 1993) Abstract - Three lithostratigraphicunits are mappable in the easternBida Basin. They includefrom top to bottom the AgbajaIronstone,PattiFormation,and LokojaSandstone.Thirtyone palynomorphfromspecies aredescribedfromthe Patti Formation.The Palynomorphassemblageindicatesa Campano-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) age. The Patti Formationhas thereforebeen assigned a campano-Maastrichtianage while the underlyingLokojaSandstone and the overlyingAgbaja Ironstone both of which are barren of fossils, are either Campano-Maastrichtianor older, and Campano-Maastrichtianor youngerrespectively.
INTRODUCTION
GEOLOGIC SETTING
W o r k in the Bida B a s i n {Fig. I) d a t e s as far b a c k as 1904 w h e n F a l c o n e r discovered a t h i c k deposit of oolitic to pisolitic i r o n s t o n e s capping M o u n t Patti, a p l a t e a u n e a r Lokoja. O t h e r w o r k e r s including R u s s (1931), J o n e s (1955, u n p u b l i s h e d ) , Adeleye a n d D e s s a u v a g i e (1973), Adeleye a n d Badejoko (1975), a n d W h i t e m a n (1982) s t u d i e d t h e s e i r o n s t o n e s , w h i c h were believed to be of economic i m p o r t a n c e , a n d described t h e lithos t r a t i g r a p h y of o t h e r u n i t s in t h e basin. J a n du C h e n e e t al. (1978) s t u d i e d the palynology a n d foraminifera of some o u t c r o p s in the e a s t e r n Bida B a s i n in w h a t t h e y referred to as the Lokoja S a n d s t o n e a n d s u g g e s t e d a M a a s t r i c h t i a n age. However, a detailed s t u d y in the s a m e area by Agyingi (1991) h a s revealed t h a t t h e s e o u t c r o p s a c t u a l l y c o n s t i t u t e part of t h e Patti F o r m a t i o n (Jones, 1955) a n d not t h e Lokoja Formation. In t h i s s t u d y , the fossil c o n t e n t of s u r f a c e lithologic u n i t s w i t h i n t h e e a s t e r n part of the b a s i n w a s investigated to establish a biostratigraphic s c h e m e for the area. These i n c l u d e d a composite of 100 m of s e d i m e n t s for t h e Lokoja F o r m a t i o n , 220 m for t h e Patti F o r m a t i o n a n d 18 m for the Agbaja F o r m a t i o n . Of all t h e sections investigated only a few o u t c r o p s belonging to t h e Patti F o r m a t i o n were f o u n d to c o n t a i n spores, pollen a n d acritarchs. The p a l y n o m o r p h c o n t e n t of some d a r k shale (outcrop) s a m p l e s of t h e Patti F o r m a t i o n w a s s t u d i e d . S a m p l e s were collected from three locations in t h e field (Fig. 1). The relative s t r a t i g r a p h i c positions of s a m p l i n g p o i n t s are i n d i c a t e d on lithologic c o l u m s (Fig. 2) for e a c h location.
The Bida Basin, in c e n t r a l Nigeria, lies b e t w e e n l a t i t u d e s 7 ° 30' a n d 10 ° 30' north, a n d longitudes 4 ° 31' a n d 7 ° 15' east. The origin of t h e Bida B a s i n h a s b e e n the source of m u c h d i s c u s s i o n a n d speculation. King (1950) saw the b a s i n a s a rift b o u n d t e n s i o n a l s t r u c t u r e p r o d u c e d as S o u t h America a n d Africa s e p a r a t e d in Aptian-Albian times. Other a u t h o r s including Adeleye (1972) and W h i t e m a n (1982) believe the Bida B a s i n to be a p o s t - S a n t o n i a n shallow d o w n - w a r p e d s t r u c t u r e formed by isostatic s u b s i d e n c e in r e s p o n s e to uplift resulting from folding of s e d i m e n t s in the a d j a c e n t B e n u e T r o u g h d u r i n g the S a n t o n i a n . Agyingi (1991, u n p u b l i s h e d ) s u p p o r t s t h e idea of a probable p r e - S a n t o n i a n rift origin for the Blda B a s i n b a s e d on s t r u c t u r a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of landsat a n d r a d a r imageries, a n d d e p t h to b a s e m e n t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of a e r o m a g n e t i c m a p s . J o n e s (1955, u n p u b l i s h e d ) recognized three f o r m a t i o n s in e a s t e r n Bida Basin. T h e y comprise from the b a s e the Lokoja S a n d s t o n e , Patti Formation a n d Agbaja Ironstone. The Lokoja F o r m a t i o n c o n s i s t s of b a s a l c o n g l o m e r a t e s , conglomeratic s a n d s t o n e s a n d s a n d s t o n e s . The s e d i m e n t characteristics are a k i n to m o d e r n alluvial f a n to braided s t r e a m deposits. The Patti F o r m a t i o n c o n s i s t s of s a n d s t o n e s , m u d s t o n e s a n d c a r b o n a c e o u s shales. The s e d i m e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s are similar to m o d e r n m e a n d e r i n g s t r e a m deposits. The Agbaja F o r m a t i o n c o n s i s t s of oolitic ironstones. T h e y are probably t h e diagenetic p r o d u c t of iron-rich kaolinitic m u d s deposited in a shallow sea (Agylngi, 1991, u n p u b l i s h e d ) .
513
514
C.M. A a v t ~
Separation Techniques
w a s followed b y a 2 4 h o u r 6 0 % hydrofluoric acid
Ten grams of each sample c r u s h e d to about 2 m m m e s h size w a s treated with 5 % p o t a s s i u m hydroxide in a hot water bath for 10 minutes. This
treatment, a 10 m i n u t e treatment in w a r m 10 % hydrochloric acid and gravity separation. Details of sample extraction t e c h n i q u e s are described in Agyingi (1991, unpublished). The extracted sam-
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Patti Formation LokojaSandstone Basement Complex
Geologic map of study area after Agyingi (1991) showing sample locations and a stratigraphic scheme for the area.
8°N
Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria
515
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s c o p e HM-LUX, G e r m a n y 9 7 7 5 6 8 , Leitz Wetzlar G e r m a n y a n d a Leitz Orthomat camera w a s u s e d .
516
C.M. AGYINGI SYSTEMATIC PALYNOLOGY Division I SPORITES H. Potonid, 1893 Class A TRILETES(Reinsch, 1881) Potonid and Kremp, 1954 Genus Cingulatisporites Thomson, 1953. Cingulatisporites ornatus Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964, Plate I (fig. 1).
In the samples treated, pollen, spores and some palynomorph from species with marine affinity (acritarchs) were observed (Table I). Some of these palynomorph form species were described by J a n du Chene et al. (1978) from the same area and for s u c h forms only the stratigraphic and geographic distribution is highlighted. A brief description is given of the palynomorph from species identified in the s t u d y area for the first time. The coordinates of some of the species identified were recorded in two microscope stage dimensions (order X/Y).
Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: M a a s t r i c h t i a n Coal M e a s u r e s , Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1964), Maastrichtian S. W. Nigeria (Jan du ChEne, et al., 1978) Maastrichtian Gombe Sandstone N. Nigeria (Lawal, 1982).
Table I, Palynomorphs described from the Patti Formation.
S p o r • s
Lpalyno~ Lpalynomorphs
Loc. no.
Cin~ulatispoHtes ornatus Concavissimisporites sp Distaverrusporites simplex Faveotriletes mar~a6tae Ru~ulatisporites caperatus Polypodiacecisporites retirugatus Gleicheniidites sp.
Sld. no. i 1 + i.~ • i+ + i~ ~
Ephedripites re~ularis Ephedripites multicustatus Ephedripites ambi~uus Ephedripetes sp. Psilamonocolpites minor Monosulcites sp. iLongapertites microfoveolatus L ongapertites mar~inatus Auriculiidites reticulatus Periretisyncolpites sp. Syncolporites ifeensis Tricolporites sp. 1 Tricolpo6tes sp. 2 Tricolporites sp. 3 Milfordia sp. Echitriporites trianguliformis Echitriporites trian~uliformis fb Proteacidites sp. 1 Proteacidites sp. 2 Scabratriporites simpliformis Triporites sp. 1 Triporites sp. 2 Stephanocolporate zonorate
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Acritarchs
Explanation
Loc. no.; Location number, SId no. Sample slide number
+labundant l"lcommonl J*lrare I I I I I
Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria G e n u s Concavissimisporites D e t t m a n n a n d Hughes, 1962 Concavissimisporites sp. Plate I (fig. 2).
Illustrated specimen; Slide 1-6, Patti, U. I. Sed. Lab., Coordinates; 5 0 / 1 1 0 . Description: Trilete spore, triangular in equatorial view, radially symmetrical, r o u n d e d at the apices and concave at the edges. The s c u l p t u r e is g r a n u l a r to microverrucate. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 24-35 llm; exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 Ilm. Stratlgraphic and geographic distribution: Upper Cretaceous Pindiga Formation, N. Nigeria (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Distaverrusporites Muller, 1968 Distaverrusporites simplex Muller, 1968, Plate I (fig. 3).
Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: S e n o n i a n S a n d s t o n e Sarawak, Malaysia (Muller, 1968), Maastritchtian SW. Nigeria (Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1966), C a m p a n i a n / M a a s t r i c h t i a n Gombe S a n d s t o n e N. Nigeria (Lawal, 1982) Upper Cretaceus Pindiga Formation (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Foveotriletes (Van der H a m m e n , 1954), Potoni6, 1956 Faveotriletes margaritae Van der H a m m e n , 1968, Plate I (fig. 4).
Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: Maastrichtian G u a g u a s Formation Colombia (Van der H a m m e n , 1954), Maastrichtian to lower Paleocene Tropical zone (Germeraad et al., 1968), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian Magdalena Colombia (Sole de Porta, 1972a, 1972b), Maastrichtian to Paleocene S. W Nigeria (Jan du C h i n e etal., 1978), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian Gombe S a n d s t o n e N. Nigeria (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Rugulatisporites Pflug, 1953 Rugulatisporites caperatus Van HoekenK1inkenberg, 1964, Plate I (fig. 5).
Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: Maastrichtian lower Coal Measures, Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1964), C a m p a n i a n Magdalena, Colombia (Solde de Porta, 1972a), u p p e r Cretaceous Pindiga Formation (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Polypodiaceoisporites Potoni6, 1951 cf Polypodiacecisporites retirugatus Muller, 1968; Plate I (fig. 6).
Description: Trilete, triangular with rounded apices a n d radially symmetrical. The exine is thick a n d
517
t h i n s o u t at the r o u n d e d apices. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 40-55 lam. Exine t h i c k n e s s 2 ~tm. Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: S e n o n i a n to Paleocene Sarawak, Malaysia (Muller, 1968), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian Gombe Sandstone (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Gleicheniidites Ross ex Delcourt & S p r u m o n t , 1955 Gleicheniidites sp. Plate I (fig. 7). T y p e specimen: Slide 1-2, Pattti U. I. Sed. Lab.; Coordinates 17.3/95.2. Description: Trilete, anisopolar, radially symmetrical, triangular in polar view, r o u n d e d at the apices with convex edges and scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 28 m m . Exine t h i c k n e s s 1 llm, Length oftrilete b r a n c h e s up to 12 l.tm. DIVISION II POLLENITES POTONIE, 1931 Class PLICATESPotoni6, 1970 G e n u s Epheclripites Bolchovitina, 1953. Ephedripites regularts Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964. Plate I (fig. 8}.
Description: Polyplicate pollen, elltpsoidal a n d radially symmetrical. Dimensions: Length 50-57 lim, width 20-25 Ilm, exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 lira. Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: Maastrichtian, Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1964), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian Gombe Sandstone {Lawal, 1982).
Ephedripites multicustatus Brenner, 1963 Plate I (fig. 9).
Description: Poliplicate pollen ellipsoidal a n d radially symmetrical. Dimensions: Length 20-25 I~m, width 15-18 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 lira. Stratigraphic and g e o g r a p h i c distribution: Albian to Cenomanian USA (Brenner, 1963), Albian to S e n o n i a n Ivory Coast a n d Senegal (Jardine a n d Magloire, 1965), Upper C r e t a c e o u s to Eocene Sarawak, Malaysia (Muller, 1968), Albian to Turonian, Gabon (Azema a n d Boltenhagen, 1974), S e n o n i a n S. W. Nigeria (Jan du Chane etal. 1978}, Upper Cretaceous Pindiga Formation (Lawal, 1982).
Ephedripites ambiguus; Hedlund, 1966; Plate I (fig. 10).
Description: Polyplicate pollen, ellipsoidal in equatorial view a n d circular in polar view. Dimensions: Length 45-60 lam, width 18-20 I~m.
C. M. AGYINGI
518
Stratigraphlc and geographic distribution: Upper Cretaceous, G h a n a (Baltes, 1966), Turonian, Gabon (Azema a n d Boltenhagen, 1974), Upper Cretac e o u s Pindiga F o r m a t i o n (Lawal, 1982).
G e n u s Auriculiidites Elsik, 1964 Auriculiidites reticulatus Elsik, 1964,
Ephedrites sp. Plate I (fig. I I). Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-3, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. C o o r d i n a t e s 3 2 . 4 / 1 2 . 7 . Description: Polyplicate pollen, ellipsoidal. Dimensions: Length 43-61 Itm. Width 16-22 llm. Class
Iverson a n d Troels Smith, 1950
Plate I (fig. 16).
Description: Monocolpate pollen, spherical to subspherical with a u r i c u l e s at the e x t r e m e s of t h e long axis a n d m i c r o g r a n u l a t e to reticulte. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: C a m p a n i a n , Peru (Elsik, 1964), lower Maastricht i a n S e n e g a l ( J a r d i n e a n d Magloire, 1965), C a m p a n i a n , Brazil (Regali et a/, 1974a), Upper C r e t a c e o u s Pindiga F o r m a t i o n (Lawal, 1982).
MONOCOLPITRAE
Genus Monocolpites Psilamonocolpites minor J a n d u C h e n e et al., 1978, Plate I (fig. 12). G e n u s Monosulcites C o o k s o n a n d Couper, 1958 Monosulcites sp. Plate I (fig. 13).
Illustrated specimen: Slide i - i , Patti U. I. Sed. Lab.; C o o r d i n a t e s 19.6/112. Description: Small pollen, elliptical in polar view, bilaterally s y m m e t r i c a l a n d psilate. Dimensions: Length of long axis 25-34 Jim, exine t h i c k n e s s - u p to 1 I1m. G e n u s Longerpertites Van HoekenKlinkerberg, 1964 Longapertites microfoveolatus J a n du C h e n e et al., 1978. Plate I (fig. 14).
Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: Paleocene Kerikeri Formation (Adegoke etal., 1978), M a a s t r i c h t i a n SW Nigeria (Jan du C h i n e et al., 1978), C a m p a n i a n to M a a s t r i c h t i a n Gombe Sandstone (Lawal, 1982),
Longapertites marginatus V a n HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964, Plate I (fig. 15)
Description: Monocolpate pollen with a long apert u r e a n d reticulate. Dimensions: Length 65 llm, width 50 l~m, exine t h i c k n e s s u p to 2 Itm. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: M a a s t r i c h t i a n S. E. Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1964), M a a s t r i c h t i a n to Mid-Eocene SW Nigeria (Van Hoeken-Klinkenberg, 1966), Paleoc e n e Kerikeri F o r m a t i o n Nigeria (Adegoke et al., 1978), C a m p a n i a n to M a a s t r i c h t i a n Gombe Sandstone (Lawal, 1982).
Class TRICHOTOMOSUIX~ATESE r d t m a n , 1945 G e n u s Petriretisyncolpites Kiesser a n d J a n du Chene, 1979 Periretissyncolpites sp. Plate I (fig. 17).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-6, Patti U. I Sed. Lab.; Coordinates 2 2 . 6 / 9 6 . 2 . Description: Syncolpate with t h r e e sillons separating the pollen into three lobes a n d reticulate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 70 llm, length of sfllons 31-34 I~m, exine t h i c k n e s s 2 I~m. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: C a m p a n i a n to M a a s t r i c h t i a n Gombe S a n d s t o n e (Lawal, 1982). G e n u s Syncolporites Van d e r H a m m e n , 1954 Syncolporites ifeensts J a n d u Chene, 1977; Plate I (fig. 18).
Description: Syncolpate t r i a n g u l a r in polar view a n d scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 19 l~m, length of colpi 8 l~m, d i a m e t e r of pores 3 I~m. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: Maastrichtian Tar S a n d s SW Nigeria (Jan du C h i n e , 1977). G e n u s Tricolporites Van d e r H a m m e n , 1954 Tricolporites sp. 1 Plate I (fig. 19).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-9, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab.; Coordinates; 8 / 9 6 . 8 . Description: Tricolporate pollen, triangular in polar view a n d psflate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 17 llm, length of colpi 4 tim, d i a m e t e r of pore 2 l~m, exine t h i c k n e s s 1 l~m.
Plate I. All magnifications XIO00. i. Cingulatisporites ornatus 2. Concavissimisporites sp. 3. Distaverrusporites simplex 4. Foveotriletes margaritae 6. Polypodiaceoisporites retirugatus 7. Gleicheniidites sp. I0. Ephedrrtpites ambiguus 11. Ephedripites sp. 14. Longapertites mlcrofoveolatus 15. Longapertites marginatus 18. Syncolpites g'eensis 19. Tricolporites sp. I
5. Rugulatisporites caperatus 8. Ephedripites regularis 9. Ephedripites multicustatus 12. Psilamonocolpites minor 13. Monosulcites sp. 16. Auriculiidites reticulatus 17. Periretisyncolpites sp. 20. Tricolporites sp. 2
ml
Im
0
~°
S~
q~ d~ O
t~
O
C. M. AGYINGI
520
Tricolporites sp. 2 Plate I (fig. 20).
Nigeria ( J a n d u Chane, 1977), Upper C r e t a c e o u s Pindiga F o r m a t i o n (Lawal, 1982).
Type specimen: Slide 1-9, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab.
Echitriporites trianguliformis forma B, Lawal,
Coordinates; 3 6 / 1 0 2 . 8 . Description: Tricolporat e pollen, triangular in polar view a n d scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 36 I~m, length of colpi 3 lim, d i a m e t e r of pores 3 lain, exine thickness, u p to 2 I~m.
1982. Plate II (fig. 4).
Tricilporites sp. 3 Plate II (fig. I).
Description: Triporate isopolar, t r i a n g u l a r with straight to concave edges, radially s y m m e t r i c a l a n d coarsely echine. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 19-22 I~m, length of e c h i n a e 2-3 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 1 lam. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: Upper C r e t a c e o u s Pindiga Formation, (Lawal, 1982).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-9, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 19.2/99.6. Description: Tricolporate pollen, circularview a n d foveolate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 27 I~m, length of colpi 9 I~m, d i a m e t e r of pores 4 ltm, exine thickn e s s 2 lira.
CIassPOROSES POTONIE, 1960 S u b Class: Monoporines Potoni6, 1960 G e n u s Milfordia E r d t m a n , 1960 Milfordia sp Plate II (fig. 2).
G e n u s Proteacidites Cookson, 1950 Proteacidites sp. 1 Plate II (fig. 5).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 2-3, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 116.7/103.3. Description: Triporate pollen, t r i a n g u l a r in polar view, radially s y m m e r t r i c a l with concave edges a n d psilate to scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 25-36 llm, exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 l~m.
Proteaciclites sp. 2 Plate II (fig. 6). Illustrated specimen: Slide i - i , Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 2 3 . 4 / 9 6 . 7 .
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-8, Patti U. I. Sed.
Description: Large pollen grain, circular, mono-
Lab. Coordinates; 2 4 . 8 / 9 6 . 2 . Description: Triporate pollen, t r i a n g u l a r in polar view, radially s y m m e t r i c a l with convex edges a n d s c a b r a t e to m i c r o g r a n u l a t e . Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 25-36 l~m, diam e t e r of pores 5-7 I1m, exine t h i c k n e s s 2 Iam.
porate a n d with large circular pore. The exine is thick, a n d tectate. The o r n a m e n t a t i o n is foveolate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 38-76 Itm, diam e t e r of pores 12-16 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 1-2 l~m. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: Upper C r e t a c e o u s Pindiga F o r m a t i o n Lawal (1982). S u b Class Tr!porines Potoni6, 1960 G e n u s Echitriporites Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964 Echitriporites trianguliformis V a n HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964, Plate II (fig. 3).
Description: Triporate pollen isopolar, radially symmetrical, t r i a n g u l a r a n d convex in polar view a n d coarsely echinate. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter 23-34/~m, length of e c h t n a e 1 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 1 llm. Stratlgraphic a n d g e o g r a p h i c distribution: M a a s t r i c h t i a n u p p e r Coal M e a s u r e s , Nigeria (Van H o e k e n Klinkenberg, 1964), M a a s t r i c h t i a n Senegal a n d Ivory Coast (Jardine a n d Magloire, 1965) M a a s t r i c h t i a n to Eocene, tropical regions ( G e m e r a a d et al., 1968), S e n o n i a n to Paleocene, M a l a y s i a (Muller, 1968), P a l e o c e n e to Lower Eocene, Brazil (Regali et al., 1974b), C a m p a n i a n to lower Maastrichtian, S u r i n a m (Belsky eta/., 1975), C a m p a n i a n to Maastrichtian, G a b o n (Boltenhagen, 1976b), M a a s t r i c h t i a n B i t u m i n o u s S a n d s , W.
G e n u s Scabratriporites Van der H a m m e n , 1956 Scabratriporites simpliformis; Van HoekenKlinkenberg, 1968, Plate II (fig. 7). G e n u s Triporites Van der H a m m e n , 1956 Triporites sp. 1 Plate II (fig. 8).
Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-1, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 2 3 . 4 / 9 7 . 6 . Description: T r i p o r a t e pollen, large, radially symmetrical, t r i a n g u l a r convex, a n d scabrate. Dimensions: Equatorial diameter, 83 I~m, exine thickness; 2 lam.
Triporites sp. 2 Plate II (fig. 9). Illustrated specimen: Slide 1-8, Patti U. I. Sed. Lab. Coordinates; 24.5/97.5. Description: Triporate pollen, circular in polar view with pores a r r a n g e d at the angles of a n equilateral triangle a n d baculate. Dimensions: Equatorial d i a m e t e r 85 lam, exine t h i c k n e s s 3 I~m, length of b a c u l a e 8-10 lain.
Palynological evidence for a late Cretaceous age for the Patti Formation, eastern Bida Basin, Nigeria
3
2 6
O
I
Ib P l a t e II. All m a g n i f i c a t i o n s X I 0 0 0 , unless otherwise stated. I. Tricolpites sp. 3 2. Milfordia sp. 3. Echiriporites trianguliformis 4. Echitriporites trianguliformis forma B 5. Proteacidites sp. 1 6. Proteacidites sp. 2 7. Scabratriporites simpliformis 8. Triporites sp. I X 400 9. Triporites sp. 2 X 400 l O. Stephanocolporate zonorate i I. Acritarchs
521
522
C. M. AGYINGI
Class STEPHANOCOLPORATAEI v e r s o n a n d T r o e l s Smith, 1950
T. Sumii, and M. Watanabe of the Geological Survey of J a p a n . All assistance is gratefully acknowledged.
G e n u s Stephanocolporate (zone) K u y l et al., 1 9 5 5 Stephanocolporate ( z o n o r a t e ) sp; P l a t e II (fig. 10).
REFERENCES
Adegoke, O. S., Jan. du Chene, R., Agumanu, A . E . and Ajayi, F. O. 1978. Palynology and age of the Kerikeri Formation, Nigeria. Revista Espanola de Description: C o l p o r a t e pollen, r a d i a l l y s y m m e t r i Micropaleontologia I0, no. 2, 267-283. cal, i s o p o l a r , c i r c u l a r i n p o l a r v i e w w i t h 19 e q u a - Adeleye, D. R. and Dessauvagie, T. F. G. 1972. Stratitorially arranged colporate aperture and rugulate. graphy of the Middle Niger E m b a y m e n t near Bida, D i m e n s i o n s : E q u a t o r i a l d i a m e t e r , 3 9 - 4 8 llm; e x i n e Nigeria. Congress on African Geology, Ibadan Univ. Press 181-188. t h i c k n e s s 1-2 l~m. Adeleye, D. R. and Badejoko, T. A. 1975. Preliminary report on the Geology of the Agbaja Ironstone, Agbaja C l a s s ACRITARCHAEvitt, 1 9 6 3 Plateau. Nigerian Journal of Science 9, 1, 3-35. G e n u s Micrhystridium Agyingi, C. M. 1991. Unpublished, Geology of Upper Micrhystridium sp. P l a t e II (fig. I I). 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