- Email: [email protected]
Parent-teen drug use discussions: Associations with substance use
e244
Abstracts / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284
Methods: Data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 2 (N = 34,653) were used to examine associations between past year PTSD diagnosis and past year NMOU. Selecting for those with a PTSD diagnosis (N = 2492), associations between symptom clusters (hyper-arousal, avoidance, re-experiencing, emotional numbing; standardized variables) and NMOU, as well as gender interactions, were explored. Models accounted for survey design and were adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, and pain. Results: In bivariate analyses, PTSD diagnosis and all symptom clusters were positively associated with past year NMOU for both men and women. In adjusted models, PTSD diagnosis was positively associated with NMOU for both men and women; the odds ratio for women was slightly larger (women: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.95, 2.66; men: OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.00, p < 0.01). There were significant gender interactions with hyper-arousal and avoidance symptom clusters. Hyper-arousal was positively associated with NMOU for men (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.50, 2.25) but not women, while avoidance was positively associated with NMOU for women (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.47) but not men. Emotional numbing and re-experiencing symptoms were not associated with NMOU (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These results illustrate significant associations with NMOU and PTSD diagnosis as well as gender interactions with PTSD symptom clusters and NMOU. The findings have substantial implications for NMOU screening among individuals diagnosed with PTSD; further work is needed to better understand causative factors and temporal associations. Financial support: R01DA034072 (GGH); T32MH01423539 (PHS trainee). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.129 Parent-teen drug use discussions: Associations with substance use Tara M. Chaplin 1 , Amysue Hansen 1 , Jessica Simmons 2 , Linda C. Mayes 2 , Rebecca E. Hommer 3 , Michael J. Crowley 2 1 Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States 2 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States 3 National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Aims: Although talking to teens about drugs is often recommended to parents, we know little about how parents actually discuss drugs with their children. This study examined observed parental drug advice during parent-adolescent discussions. Based on findings from parent reports of drug use advice (Chassin et al., 1998), we hypothesized that observed advice involving stating rules against drugs and discussing drug scenarios and consequences would be associated with lower adolescent physiological arousal and substance use. Methods: Fifty-eight 12–17 year olds and their parents discussed the topic of alcohol and/or drugs for ten minutes. The discussions were videotaped and coded for drug use advice (stating rules against drug use, discussing scenarios [e.g., what would you do if you were offered alcohol?], discussing consequences) and parenting (warmth, negative parenting). Inter-rater reliability was good, avg ICC = .81. Before, during, and after the discussions, adolescents’ heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Youth reported use of substances on the YRBS.
Results: Regular and logistic regressions were conducted predicting physiological responses and substance use (yes/no). Findings showed that parental discussion of scenarios was associated with lower adolescent BP responses (B = −.33, p < .05) and lower substance use (Exp[B] = .59, p < .05). Statements of rules against drug use were associated with higher HR and BP responses (B’s = .26–.30, p’s < .05) and greater substance use (Exp[B] = 2.40, p < .05). Negative parenting was associated with higher cortisol responses (B = .29, p < .05). Conclusions: Drug use advice involving discussion of scenarios and fewer statements of rules against drugs and criticism was associated with lower arousal and substance use in youth. Findings suggest that interventions encourage parents to discuss scenarios rather than focus on rules against drugs. Financial support: Supported by NIH (K01-DA-024759, UL1DE19586), ABMRF, and AACAP grants. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.130 Greater exposure to stressors during preadolescence predicts early adolescent substance use Nora E. Charles, Ashley Acheson, C.W. Mathias, D. Dougherty The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States Aims: Adolescents with a family history of alcohol and other drug use disorders (FH+) are at increased risk for developing substance use disorders relative to those without such histories (FH−). One mechanism that may contribute to this risk is exposure to stressors. FH+ individuals report experiencing more lifetime stressors and exposure to stressors is associated with the development of substance use disorders. However, there is limited research on exposure to stressors in FH+ individuals during preadolescence, prior to the adolescent spike in substance use initiation. To quantify stressors reported over a 1-year period in preadolescence among FH+ youth who later initiated substance use, and compare this to FH+ and FH− adolescents who did not initiate use. Methods: As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, self-reported stressors during preadolescence were compared in 43 FH+ youth who initiated substance use in early adolescence and demographically matched FH+ (n = 40) and FH− adolescents (n = 39) who did not initiate substance use. Exposure to stressors was assessed using the Stressful Life Events Schedule, a standardized semi-structured interview, at study entry (M age = 11.2 years, SD = .78) and 6 and 12 month follow-ups. Results: Participants who initiated substance use during early adolescence reported significantly greater lifetime exposure to stressors at study entry and a relatively greater increase in stressors over a 1-year period in preadolescence, compared to both FH+ and FH− non-users. FH+ non-users reported more stressors at study entry than did FH− non-users, but these groups did not differ in their exposure to stressors over the 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: FH+ adolescents who initiated substance use had greater stress exposure in preadolescence. As part of our ongoing longitudinal studies, we will examine how stressors during preand early adolescence influence the development of substance use and substance use disorders. Financial support: National Institutes of Health (R01DA026868, R01-DA033997, T32 DA031115). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.131
Abstracts / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284
Methods: Data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 2 (N = 34,653) were used to examine associations between past year PTSD diagnosis and past year NMOU. Selecting for those with a PTSD diagnosis (N = 2492), associations between symptom clusters (hyper-arousal, avoidance, re-experiencing, emotional numbing; standardized variables) and NMOU, as well as gender interactions, were explored. Models accounted for survey design and were adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, and pain. Results: In bivariate analyses, PTSD diagnosis and all symptom clusters were positively associated with past year NMOU for both men and women. In adjusted models, PTSD diagnosis was positively associated with NMOU for both men and women; the odds ratio for women was slightly larger (women: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.95, 2.66; men: OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.00, p < 0.01). There were significant gender interactions with hyper-arousal and avoidance symptom clusters. Hyper-arousal was positively associated with NMOU for men (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.50, 2.25) but not women, while avoidance was positively associated with NMOU for women (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.47) but not men. Emotional numbing and re-experiencing symptoms were not associated with NMOU (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These results illustrate significant associations with NMOU and PTSD diagnosis as well as gender interactions with PTSD symptom clusters and NMOU. The findings have substantial implications for NMOU screening among individuals diagnosed with PTSD; further work is needed to better understand causative factors and temporal associations. Financial support: R01DA034072 (GGH); T32MH01423539 (PHS trainee). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.129 Parent-teen drug use discussions: Associations with substance use Tara M. Chaplin 1 , Amysue Hansen 1 , Jessica Simmons 2 , Linda C. Mayes 2 , Rebecca E. Hommer 3 , Michael J. Crowley 2 1 Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States 2 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States 3 National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Aims: Although talking to teens about drugs is often recommended to parents, we know little about how parents actually discuss drugs with their children. This study examined observed parental drug advice during parent-adolescent discussions. Based on findings from parent reports of drug use advice (Chassin et al., 1998), we hypothesized that observed advice involving stating rules against drugs and discussing drug scenarios and consequences would be associated with lower adolescent physiological arousal and substance use. Methods: Fifty-eight 12–17 year olds and their parents discussed the topic of alcohol and/or drugs for ten minutes. The discussions were videotaped and coded for drug use advice (stating rules against drug use, discussing scenarios [e.g., what would you do if you were offered alcohol?], discussing consequences) and parenting (warmth, negative parenting). Inter-rater reliability was good, avg ICC = .81. Before, during, and after the discussions, adolescents’ heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Youth reported use of substances on the YRBS.
Results: Regular and logistic regressions were conducted predicting physiological responses and substance use (yes/no). Findings showed that parental discussion of scenarios was associated with lower adolescent BP responses (B = −.33, p < .05) and lower substance use (Exp[B] = .59, p < .05). Statements of rules against drug use were associated with higher HR and BP responses (B’s = .26–.30, p’s < .05) and greater substance use (Exp[B] = 2.40, p < .05). Negative parenting was associated with higher cortisol responses (B = .29, p < .05). Conclusions: Drug use advice involving discussion of scenarios and fewer statements of rules against drugs and criticism was associated with lower arousal and substance use in youth. Findings suggest that interventions encourage parents to discuss scenarios rather than focus on rules against drugs. Financial support: Supported by NIH (K01-DA-024759, UL1DE19586), ABMRF, and AACAP grants. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.130 Greater exposure to stressors during preadolescence predicts early adolescent substance use Nora E. Charles, Ashley Acheson, C.W. Mathias, D. Dougherty The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States Aims: Adolescents with a family history of alcohol and other drug use disorders (FH+) are at increased risk for developing substance use disorders relative to those without such histories (FH−). One mechanism that may contribute to this risk is exposure to stressors. FH+ individuals report experiencing more lifetime stressors and exposure to stressors is associated with the development of substance use disorders. However, there is limited research on exposure to stressors in FH+ individuals during preadolescence, prior to the adolescent spike in substance use initiation. To quantify stressors reported over a 1-year period in preadolescence among FH+ youth who later initiated substance use, and compare this to FH+ and FH− adolescents who did not initiate use. Methods: As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, self-reported stressors during preadolescence were compared in 43 FH+ youth who initiated substance use in early adolescence and demographically matched FH+ (n = 40) and FH− adolescents (n = 39) who did not initiate substance use. Exposure to stressors was assessed using the Stressful Life Events Schedule, a standardized semi-structured interview, at study entry (M age = 11.2 years, SD = .78) and 6 and 12 month follow-ups. Results: Participants who initiated substance use during early adolescence reported significantly greater lifetime exposure to stressors at study entry and a relatively greater increase in stressors over a 1-year period in preadolescence, compared to both FH+ and FH− non-users. FH+ non-users reported more stressors at study entry than did FH− non-users, but these groups did not differ in their exposure to stressors over the 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: FH+ adolescents who initiated substance use had greater stress exposure in preadolescence. As part of our ongoing longitudinal studies, we will examine how stressors during preand early adolescence influence the development of substance use and substance use disorders. Financial support: National Institutes of Health (R01DA026868, R01-DA033997, T32 DA031115). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.131