- Email: [email protected]
Parental depression but not parental cancer is associated with high cortisol levels in adolescent males
40
R. Reynolds / Psychoneuroendocrinology 61 (2015) 1–78
PO49 The role of parenting dimensions in depressive symptoms in adolescents and possible interactions with 5 well known VNTR’s involved in neurotransmission Evelien Van Assche 1,2,∗ , Tim Moons 1,2 , Wim Van den Noortgate 3 , Luc Goossens 3 , Stephan Claes 1,2 1
University of Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium 2 University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 3 University of Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational sciences, Leuven, Belgium Background: Parenting dimensions are associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents. We investigated gene-environment interactions between perceived parenting dimensions and 5 well known Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) in 4 genes associated with monoamine neurotransmission: 5-HTTLPR, STin2 in the serotonin transporter gene and the DAT1, DRD4 and MAOA repeats. Methods: A population sample of 1103 Belgian adolescents and their parents (mean age: 13.79 years, SD = 0.94) were asked to fill out questionnaires. From each of them 5 VNTR’s were analyzed using DNA from saliva samples. Perceived parenting dimensions were explored using the LAPPS and VSOG self-report scale. After factor analysis, 5 factors were defined: support, proactive control, psychological control, punishment and harsh punishment. The phenotype “depressive symptoms” was investigated using the CES-D self-report scale. Statistical analyses were performed in R using linear regression techniques. Results: Perceived parenting dimensions, more specifically perceived support and psychological control, seem strongly associated with depressive symptoms as reported in CES-D (p < 0.001). The only interaction effect that withstood multiple testing (p < 0.0014) was seen for 5-HTTLPR and the difference in proactive control as perceived by the adolescents in comparison to the parental perception. Conclusions: Our results suggest that perceived parenting dimensions are strongly associated with depressive symptoms, as reported by the CES-D scale. We only found evidence for 5-HTTLPR to interact with the difference in perceived proactive control in the causation of depressive symptoms in adolescents. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.497
PO50 Parental depression but not parental cancer is associated with high cortisol levels in adolescent males Catherine Raymond 1,2,3,∗ , Nadia Durand 1,2,3 , Sonia Lupien 1,2,3 1
Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3 Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 2
Stigma surrounding mental disorders is associated with chronic stress. Yet, no study has assessed children’s physiological and psychosocial profiles among afflicted families. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a parent’s mental disorder can
spillover onto physiological and psychological markers of stress in youth. Study participants were 155 children (5–12 y/o, N = 69) and adolescents (13–21 y/o, N = 86) divided in three groups (1) youth with a parent having major depression; (2) youth with a parent having a non-stigmatized form of cancer and (3) youth with no sick parent. Diurnal cortisol was assessed for three days (1) at awakening, (2) +30 min after, (3) dinner and (4) bedtime. Psychosocial questionnaires included the Perceived social support (PSS) and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI). Using univariate ANOVAs, we found no significant group differences in children; however, adolescent males with depressed parents presented a higher cortisol awakening response (CAR) compared to adolescents from the cancer and control groups. Adolescent males from the depression group reported lower perceived social support, which was correlated with the CAR. In sum, adolescent males with a depressive parent present higher levels of stress hormones at awakening and report less support. These novel results demonstrate that it is not all form of parental stressors that spillover onto children and that parental depression is a potent factor for increased stress hormones, particularly among adolescent boys. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.498
PO51 Blunted cortisol response to the TSST in children under 8 with internalizing disorders Ellen McGinnis ∗ , Nestor Lopez-Duran, Diana Morelen, Katherine Rosenblum, Maria Muzik University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Background: Research suggests internalizing symptoms are characterized by blunted cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress during preschool. However, these studies used multiple stressors, differing from adult work on reactivity and risk using one stressor. The current study seeks to validate cortisol reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Task-Child version (TSST-C) for the first time with children younger than 7 years, while also examining the role of internalizing diagnoses on cortisol reactivity. Method: We obtained cortisol reactivity from 35 children (4–8 years old) across the TSST-C in the child’s home using 8 samples (−30 m, 0 m, 15 m, 25 m, 35 m, 45 m, 55 m, 65 m). Speeches were coded for fear. Clinicians administered a validated semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS) to mothers: 9 children with a diagnosis of depression/anxiety and 27 without. Results: 67% of children exhibited cortisol responses (at least 10% increase over baseline). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed overall higher cortisol output in controls than those with anxiety/depression F(1,32) = 4.45, p = .043. Most pronounced was a blunted peak at 35 minutes post stressor F(1,39) = 5.45, p = .025. Coded fear verbalizations were related to blunted cortisol reactivity at trend level F(1,26) = 2.93, p = .10. Conclusions: This study provides support for the TSST-C in children under 7, in the home, with multiple cortisol data points. Consistent with previous literature, results also suggest internalizing diagnoses may present as blunted cortisol reactivity in young children. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.499
R. Reynolds / Psychoneuroendocrinology 61 (2015) 1–78
PO49 The role of parenting dimensions in depressive symptoms in adolescents and possible interactions with 5 well known VNTR’s involved in neurotransmission Evelien Van Assche 1,2,∗ , Tim Moons 1,2 , Wim Van den Noortgate 3 , Luc Goossens 3 , Stephan Claes 1,2 1
University of Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium 2 University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 3 University of Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational sciences, Leuven, Belgium Background: Parenting dimensions are associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents. We investigated gene-environment interactions between perceived parenting dimensions and 5 well known Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) in 4 genes associated with monoamine neurotransmission: 5-HTTLPR, STin2 in the serotonin transporter gene and the DAT1, DRD4 and MAOA repeats. Methods: A population sample of 1103 Belgian adolescents and their parents (mean age: 13.79 years, SD = 0.94) were asked to fill out questionnaires. From each of them 5 VNTR’s were analyzed using DNA from saliva samples. Perceived parenting dimensions were explored using the LAPPS and VSOG self-report scale. After factor analysis, 5 factors were defined: support, proactive control, psychological control, punishment and harsh punishment. The phenotype “depressive symptoms” was investigated using the CES-D self-report scale. Statistical analyses were performed in R using linear regression techniques. Results: Perceived parenting dimensions, more specifically perceived support and psychological control, seem strongly associated with depressive symptoms as reported in CES-D (p < 0.001). The only interaction effect that withstood multiple testing (p < 0.0014) was seen for 5-HTTLPR and the difference in proactive control as perceived by the adolescents in comparison to the parental perception. Conclusions: Our results suggest that perceived parenting dimensions are strongly associated with depressive symptoms, as reported by the CES-D scale. We only found evidence for 5-HTTLPR to interact with the difference in perceived proactive control in the causation of depressive symptoms in adolescents. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.497
PO50 Parental depression but not parental cancer is associated with high cortisol levels in adolescent males Catherine Raymond 1,2,3,∗ , Nadia Durand 1,2,3 , Sonia Lupien 1,2,3 1
Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3 Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 2
Stigma surrounding mental disorders is associated with chronic stress. Yet, no study has assessed children’s physiological and psychosocial profiles among afflicted families. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a parent’s mental disorder can
spillover onto physiological and psychological markers of stress in youth. Study participants were 155 children (5–12 y/o, N = 69) and adolescents (13–21 y/o, N = 86) divided in three groups (1) youth with a parent having major depression; (2) youth with a parent having a non-stigmatized form of cancer and (3) youth with no sick parent. Diurnal cortisol was assessed for three days (1) at awakening, (2) +30 min after, (3) dinner and (4) bedtime. Psychosocial questionnaires included the Perceived social support (PSS) and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI). Using univariate ANOVAs, we found no significant group differences in children; however, adolescent males with depressed parents presented a higher cortisol awakening response (CAR) compared to adolescents from the cancer and control groups. Adolescent males from the depression group reported lower perceived social support, which was correlated with the CAR. In sum, adolescent males with a depressive parent present higher levels of stress hormones at awakening and report less support. These novel results demonstrate that it is not all form of parental stressors that spillover onto children and that parental depression is a potent factor for increased stress hormones, particularly among adolescent boys. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.498
PO51 Blunted cortisol response to the TSST in children under 8 with internalizing disorders Ellen McGinnis ∗ , Nestor Lopez-Duran, Diana Morelen, Katherine Rosenblum, Maria Muzik University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Background: Research suggests internalizing symptoms are characterized by blunted cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress during preschool. However, these studies used multiple stressors, differing from adult work on reactivity and risk using one stressor. The current study seeks to validate cortisol reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Task-Child version (TSST-C) for the first time with children younger than 7 years, while also examining the role of internalizing diagnoses on cortisol reactivity. Method: We obtained cortisol reactivity from 35 children (4–8 years old) across the TSST-C in the child’s home using 8 samples (−30 m, 0 m, 15 m, 25 m, 35 m, 45 m, 55 m, 65 m). Speeches were coded for fear. Clinicians administered a validated semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS) to mothers: 9 children with a diagnosis of depression/anxiety and 27 without. Results: 67% of children exhibited cortisol responses (at least 10% increase over baseline). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed overall higher cortisol output in controls than those with anxiety/depression F(1,32) = 4.45, p = .043. Most pronounced was a blunted peak at 35 minutes post stressor F(1,39) = 5.45, p = .025. Coded fear verbalizations were related to blunted cortisol reactivity at trend level F(1,26) = 2.93, p = .10. Conclusions: This study provides support for the TSST-C in children under 7, in the home, with multiple cortisol data points. Consistent with previous literature, results also suggest internalizing diagnoses may present as blunted cortisol reactivity in young children. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.499