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Partial Substitutes For Soybean Meal
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RESEARCH NOTES
On November 20, 1943, a Single Comb White Leghorn pullet of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station strain was found to have two ovaries and two oviducts. This bird differed from those reported by others, however, in that only the left ones were functioning. The right oviduct was slightly shorter than the left and appeared normal in every respect to that of a hen out of production. The right ovary had a normal appearance also, although none of the ova had begun to develop. The pullet, No. F1379, was hatched May 11, 1943, had been laying for 10 days, and had laid
on each of the two days immediately preceding slaughter. R E E C E L. BRYANT
Department of Poultry Husbandry Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Blacksburg, Virginia Received for publication December 6, 1943. REFERENCES
Atwood, Horace, and Harry Snyder, 1922-1923. Poultry Sci. 2:59-61. Jull, Morley A., 1940. Poultry Breeding, 2d ed., pp. 1-484, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Kirkpatrick, Wm. F., and Leslie E. Card, 1916. Storrs Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 87.
PARTIAL SUBSTITUTES FOR SOYBEAN MEAL A diet containing ground wheat, soybean meal, alfalfa leaf meal, and vitamin and mineral supplements (Hammond and Titus, 1943) supports satisfactory growth in chickens. In certain parts of the United States such vegetable-protein supplements as cottonseed meal, peanut meal, and com gluten meal are usually more available than soybean meal. Therefore, a series of experiments was conducted to determine to what extent it is practical to use other vegetableprotein supplements in place of soybean meal. Ground hempseed, peanut meal, cottonseed meal both with and without additions of ferric chloride, com gluten meal, and linseed meal were used to replace part or all of the soybean meal in a control diet containing 35 percent of soybean meal. Ferric chloride was added to the cottonseed meal at the level used by Swensen, Fieger, and Upp (1942) to bind the gossypol. In these experiments, however, the ferric chloride was highly detrimental. Chicks fed diets containing cottonseed meal to which ferric chloride had been added grew slowly and developed symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. When diets containing 5, 10, 15, or 20 percent of cottonseed meal but no
ferric chloride were fed, the chicks grew at least as rapidly as those on the control diet. Diets containing 25 to 35 percent of cottonseed meal were less satisfactory. As much as 15 percent of corn gluten meal, peanut meal, or ground hempseed replaced equal quantities of soybean meal with satisfactory results. As little as 5 percent of linseed meal depressed growth. It is concluded that in feeding growing chickens, as much as 15 percent of cottonseed meal, com gluten meal, peanut meal, or ground hempseed may be used to replace an equal weight of soybean meal in diets such as the control diet used by the writer. JOHN C. HAMMOND Bureau of Animal Industry V.SD.A. Beltsville, Maryland Received for publication December 11, 1943. REFERENCES
Hammond, J. C , and Harry W. Titus, 1943. The use of soybean meal in the diet of growing chickens. Accepted for publication in POULTRY SCIENCE.
Swensen, A. D., E. A. Fieger, and C. W. Upp, 1942. The nature of egg yolk discoloration produced by cottonseed meal. POULTRY Sea. 21:374378.
RESEARCH NOTES
On November 20, 1943, a Single Comb White Leghorn pullet of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station strain was found to have two ovaries and two oviducts. This bird differed from those reported by others, however, in that only the left ones were functioning. The right oviduct was slightly shorter than the left and appeared normal in every respect to that of a hen out of production. The right ovary had a normal appearance also, although none of the ova had begun to develop. The pullet, No. F1379, was hatched May 11, 1943, had been laying for 10 days, and had laid
on each of the two days immediately preceding slaughter. R E E C E L. BRYANT
Department of Poultry Husbandry Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Blacksburg, Virginia Received for publication December 6, 1943. REFERENCES
Atwood, Horace, and Harry Snyder, 1922-1923. Poultry Sci. 2:59-61. Jull, Morley A., 1940. Poultry Breeding, 2d ed., pp. 1-484, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Kirkpatrick, Wm. F., and Leslie E. Card, 1916. Storrs Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 87.
PARTIAL SUBSTITUTES FOR SOYBEAN MEAL A diet containing ground wheat, soybean meal, alfalfa leaf meal, and vitamin and mineral supplements (Hammond and Titus, 1943) supports satisfactory growth in chickens. In certain parts of the United States such vegetable-protein supplements as cottonseed meal, peanut meal, and com gluten meal are usually more available than soybean meal. Therefore, a series of experiments was conducted to determine to what extent it is practical to use other vegetableprotein supplements in place of soybean meal. Ground hempseed, peanut meal, cottonseed meal both with and without additions of ferric chloride, com gluten meal, and linseed meal were used to replace part or all of the soybean meal in a control diet containing 35 percent of soybean meal. Ferric chloride was added to the cottonseed meal at the level used by Swensen, Fieger, and Upp (1942) to bind the gossypol. In these experiments, however, the ferric chloride was highly detrimental. Chicks fed diets containing cottonseed meal to which ferric chloride had been added grew slowly and developed symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. When diets containing 5, 10, 15, or 20 percent of cottonseed meal but no
ferric chloride were fed, the chicks grew at least as rapidly as those on the control diet. Diets containing 25 to 35 percent of cottonseed meal were less satisfactory. As much as 15 percent of corn gluten meal, peanut meal, or ground hempseed replaced equal quantities of soybean meal with satisfactory results. As little as 5 percent of linseed meal depressed growth. It is concluded that in feeding growing chickens, as much as 15 percent of cottonseed meal, com gluten meal, peanut meal, or ground hempseed may be used to replace an equal weight of soybean meal in diets such as the control diet used by the writer. JOHN C. HAMMOND Bureau of Animal Industry V.SD.A. Beltsville, Maryland Received for publication December 11, 1943. REFERENCES
Hammond, J. C , and Harry W. Titus, 1943. The use of soybean meal in the diet of growing chickens. Accepted for publication in POULTRY SCIENCE.
Swensen, A. D., E. A. Fieger, and C. W. Upp, 1942. The nature of egg yolk discoloration produced by cottonseed meal. POULTRY Sea. 21:374378.