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Passage through India
350A
UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS:MINES
Continual and considerable investments in subway building are stimulating further development of tunnelling methods in general and the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) in particular. This paper presents the state of the art, points out details of the structural analysis and describes special auxiliary measurements for instance soil fracturing. Connections between safety and organisation are demonstrated. (English summary) 957344 Banpraktlsche Luhnengenherecbunng for den Drucklaftvortrieb (Practical estimation of air consumption for compressed air tunnelling) H. G. Jodl & B. Strobl, Felsbau, 13(2), 1995, pp 100-110. During the construction of the Vienna Subway comparison of results of different formulas for the estimation of air losses to actual measured values showed an acceptable correspondence for the modified formula but considerable difference for the classic estimation method. With increasing tunnel length it was observed, that air loss through the shotcrete lining exceeded air loss through the tunnel face. Therefore, neglecting air losses QM through the total surface of the shotcrete lining might lead to a considerable underestimation of the required compressed air consumption. Finally it is emphp-qi~gi, that even sophisticated analysis methods cannot fully consider frequently changinf, non-homogeneous ground conditions. (English summa~) 957345 Betouqunlltat und Innenschale hei der U-Baim-Linle U3 (Couerete quality and finer shell for the U3 underground line) K. Miedler, W. Hermann & L. Mechtler, Felsbau, 13(2), 1995, pp 114-119. For the past 20 years the Vienna Underground System has been built according to the 'Weisse Wanne' principle, in which the concrete also functions as water-proofing. During the advanced development of this method, it was recognised that the static assumptions, the basic data for the concrete technology and the checking of this data as well as the special on site instructions must be observed to produce successful results. This article describes the regulations and instructions used for tunnels as well as sections built by the cut and cover method. (English summary) 957346 Ncoe Osterreichlsehe Tunndbaumetbode bei Bedeakoutamiuntiou (NATM in the ease of soil contamination) H. Muchsel & A. Sailer, Felsbau, 13(2), 1995, pp 110-114. On 13th July 1987 mercury was found in the ground during advance works, constituting a problem which, until then had never occurred in tunnel construction and will hopefully remain unique. It was due to the willingness to act shown both by engineers and advance workers on the one hand and to the use of possibilities for adaptation of the construction method chosen - the NATM - on the other hand that an unexpected problem of greatest complexity and difficulty could be solved. (Engish summary) 957347 Der Einsatz you vter Tunnelbohrmasehinen bei der Auffahrung yon 65 km Stellen in Leeotbo (The use of 4 tunnel drilling machines in Lesotho) W. Diatz & G. Spann, Felsbau, 13(1), 1995, pp 17-22. The 'Lesotho Highland Water Project' is one of the largest construction projects worldwide. In its final construction stage it will comprise 6 retaining cams and more than 200 km galleries and serves to secure energy supply in Lesotho with
its plentiful supplies of water and improve the trade balance in the long term by sale of water to the arid area around Johannesburg. This project is currently being realised with the financial assistance of the World Bank and the contractors working on the individual construction projects. The first contracts include 61 km long tunnel with an outside diameter of 5 m, which carries the water from the Katse dam to the border between Lesotho and South Africa. The tunnel consists of the transfer Umnel with a length of 44.78 km and the delivery tunnel with a length of 16.2 km. (from English summary) 957348 Steel fibre developments in South Afri~t S. Wallis, Tunnels & Tunnelling, 27(3), 1995, pp 22-24. A comprehensive research and development study of steel fibre reinforced pre-cast concrete (SFRC) lining segments was conducted for a section of pressurised water tunnel on the South African Lesotho Highlands Water Project. The study comprised three main stages: development of a suitable concrete mix using two different fibre types; full scale testing using a test rig; and full scale testing of complete rings in-situ. Selected segments were instrmnented for monitoring. This article describes the research programme and its results. The advantages of SFRC segments, and the transfer of this technology to other tunnel projects are discussed. (J.M.McLaughlin) 957349 Passage through India ANON, International Construction, 34(2), 1995, p 68. Tunnelling operations on India's major Konkan railway project are described. The 760 km rail link incorporat~ 82 tunnels, and 1813 bridges. Seven Atlas Copco Boomer 352 drill rigs and two H135 units are working at eight tunnelling sites. Hand-held pneumatic rock drills with pusher legs are being used on shorter tunnels. High mountain ran___ges complicate activities. (J.M.McLaughlin) 957350 Robots used for Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway repair J. Reeves, Tunnels & Tunnelling, 27(3), 1995, pp 28-30. The specially designed hydrodemolition and shotcreting robotic equipment for repair of tunnel linings on the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway are described. Extensive spa]ling and corrosion of the concrete reinforced linings was caused by seawater penetration of the groundwater. Repairs had to be conducted without affecting normal railway operations. The repair method involved sealing existing leaks, removing cover concrete to the inside face reinforcement, removing corroding near face reinforcement where possible, and replacing cover concrete with thicker high density, low permeability shotercte. (J.M.McLaughlin) 957351 Tunnels for a hydro project in a Chinese wilderness Cheng Xuemin, Tunnels & Tunnelling, 27(3), 1995, pp 18-20. Outlines the project layout and main strt~ures, tunnels and excavation works of the Ertan hydroelectric power project in China. two river diversion tunnels were required. The design, risk analysis and construction of these tunnels are detailed. (J.M.McLanghlin)
Mines 957352 Evaluation of hazard from self-heating of sulphide rock F. Rosenblum & P. Spira, CIM Bulletin, 88(989), 1995, pp 44-49.
UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS:MINES
Continual and considerable investments in subway building are stimulating further development of tunnelling methods in general and the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) in particular. This paper presents the state of the art, points out details of the structural analysis and describes special auxiliary measurements for instance soil fracturing. Connections between safety and organisation are demonstrated. (English summary) 957344 Banpraktlsche Luhnengenherecbunng for den Drucklaftvortrieb (Practical estimation of air consumption for compressed air tunnelling) H. G. Jodl & B. Strobl, Felsbau, 13(2), 1995, pp 100-110. During the construction of the Vienna Subway comparison of results of different formulas for the estimation of air losses to actual measured values showed an acceptable correspondence for the modified formula but considerable difference for the classic estimation method. With increasing tunnel length it was observed, that air loss through the shotcrete lining exceeded air loss through the tunnel face. Therefore, neglecting air losses QM through the total surface of the shotcrete lining might lead to a considerable underestimation of the required compressed air consumption. Finally it is emphp-qi~gi, that even sophisticated analysis methods cannot fully consider frequently changinf, non-homogeneous ground conditions. (English summa~) 957345 Betouqunlltat und Innenschale hei der U-Baim-Linle U3 (Couerete quality and finer shell for the U3 underground line) K. Miedler, W. Hermann & L. Mechtler, Felsbau, 13(2), 1995, pp 114-119. For the past 20 years the Vienna Underground System has been built according to the 'Weisse Wanne' principle, in which the concrete also functions as water-proofing. During the advanced development of this method, it was recognised that the static assumptions, the basic data for the concrete technology and the checking of this data as well as the special on site instructions must be observed to produce successful results. This article describes the regulations and instructions used for tunnels as well as sections built by the cut and cover method. (English summary) 957346 Ncoe Osterreichlsehe Tunndbaumetbode bei Bedeakoutamiuntiou (NATM in the ease of soil contamination) H. Muchsel & A. Sailer, Felsbau, 13(2), 1995, pp 110-114. On 13th July 1987 mercury was found in the ground during advance works, constituting a problem which, until then had never occurred in tunnel construction and will hopefully remain unique. It was due to the willingness to act shown both by engineers and advance workers on the one hand and to the use of possibilities for adaptation of the construction method chosen - the NATM - on the other hand that an unexpected problem of greatest complexity and difficulty could be solved. (Engish summary) 957347 Der Einsatz you vter Tunnelbohrmasehinen bei der Auffahrung yon 65 km Stellen in Leeotbo (The use of 4 tunnel drilling machines in Lesotho) W. Diatz & G. Spann, Felsbau, 13(1), 1995, pp 17-22. The 'Lesotho Highland Water Project' is one of the largest construction projects worldwide. In its final construction stage it will comprise 6 retaining cams and more than 200 km galleries and serves to secure energy supply in Lesotho with
its plentiful supplies of water and improve the trade balance in the long term by sale of water to the arid area around Johannesburg. This project is currently being realised with the financial assistance of the World Bank and the contractors working on the individual construction projects. The first contracts include 61 km long tunnel with an outside diameter of 5 m, which carries the water from the Katse dam to the border between Lesotho and South Africa. The tunnel consists of the transfer Umnel with a length of 44.78 km and the delivery tunnel with a length of 16.2 km. (from English summary) 957348 Steel fibre developments in South Afri~t S. Wallis, Tunnels & Tunnelling, 27(3), 1995, pp 22-24. A comprehensive research and development study of steel fibre reinforced pre-cast concrete (SFRC) lining segments was conducted for a section of pressurised water tunnel on the South African Lesotho Highlands Water Project. The study comprised three main stages: development of a suitable concrete mix using two different fibre types; full scale testing using a test rig; and full scale testing of complete rings in-situ. Selected segments were instrmnented for monitoring. This article describes the research programme and its results. The advantages of SFRC segments, and the transfer of this technology to other tunnel projects are discussed. (J.M.McLaughlin) 957349 Passage through India ANON, International Construction, 34(2), 1995, p 68. Tunnelling operations on India's major Konkan railway project are described. The 760 km rail link incorporat~ 82 tunnels, and 1813 bridges. Seven Atlas Copco Boomer 352 drill rigs and two H135 units are working at eight tunnelling sites. Hand-held pneumatic rock drills with pusher legs are being used on shorter tunnels. High mountain ran___ges complicate activities. (J.M.McLaughlin) 957350 Robots used for Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway repair J. Reeves, Tunnels & Tunnelling, 27(3), 1995, pp 28-30. The specially designed hydrodemolition and shotcreting robotic equipment for repair of tunnel linings on the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway are described. Extensive spa]ling and corrosion of the concrete reinforced linings was caused by seawater penetration of the groundwater. Repairs had to be conducted without affecting normal railway operations. The repair method involved sealing existing leaks, removing cover concrete to the inside face reinforcement, removing corroding near face reinforcement where possible, and replacing cover concrete with thicker high density, low permeability shotercte. (J.M.McLaughlin) 957351 Tunnels for a hydro project in a Chinese wilderness Cheng Xuemin, Tunnels & Tunnelling, 27(3), 1995, pp 18-20. Outlines the project layout and main strt~ures, tunnels and excavation works of the Ertan hydroelectric power project in China. two river diversion tunnels were required. The design, risk analysis and construction of these tunnels are detailed. (J.M.McLanghlin)
Mines 957352 Evaluation of hazard from self-heating of sulphide rock F. Rosenblum & P. Spira, CIM Bulletin, 88(989), 1995, pp 44-49.