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Patent granted to Sophie Victoire Laine, for a process for making gelatine from bones without muriatic acid, yielding a residuum which may be used as excellent nourishment
408
Making Gelatine./~om Bones.
Fig. ~, view of the extremity opposite to that of fig. ~. .~, exterior conical case, in brass. ~, interior case, of the same metal and form. c, annular space reserved between the two cases a b, and contain. ing water. D, pipes serving to introduce water into the space c, and to carry it otf. ~, figs. 1 and 4, a small, shnple tube, of a conical form, to be inserted at pleasure in the double tube, or tewel, a b, in order to g r a duate the quantity of air that is required to be introduced into the furnace, without any other derangement than that which is necessary to change this small tube for another, the ,~rifice of which is conformable with the effect desired and expected.
[Rep of Pat. Inv. from Brevets d'Inventions.
Palent granied to So,e~I~ VIeTOI~E LAPsE,for a process for making Gelatine from Bones without muriatic acid, yielding a residuu~n which may be used as excellentnourishment. The beef and mutton bones used in this process are first cleared from the flesh, washed, and completely broken up. Whert so prepared the bones are placed upon the fire or exposed to steam, with a sufficient quantity of cold water, in an autoclave, or one of Papin's condensing coppers or marmites; the upper part being secured by an Iron bar, with one or several screws. The fire, or steam, is urged to a considerable degree for several hours, until the time that the water in the copper, or marmite, has possessed, by ebullition, the whole of the gelatine contained in ~he bones: after the fire, or steam, has ceased to act, and when the phosphate of lime, entirely deprived of gelatine, is precipitated to the bottom of the vessel, the liquor is drawn oil by the means of several cocks adapted to the copper; it is clarified, and~ if necessary, afterwards filtered. The water thus saturated with gelatine is exposed to fire or steam in an open copper; the Concentration is carried on till it has attained the consistency of Strop by ebullition, or eva P oration, care being , . taken to agitate it that it may not adhere to the vessel: ~t ~s ti~en poured into tin moulds, in which it cools, to be afterwards placed aecordio.g to the state of the atmosphere, either in a stove, or in the open atr, upon canvass or metallic frames, till it becomes perfectly desiccated. For the evaporation, according to circumstances, Monsieur Derosne's evaporator may be used with success; and in order thateven the shadow of an accident may be avoided, the condensing copper described above is supplied with an escape, in the upper part, for giving vent to the redundant steam or a i r , and which mechanism is controlled in the following manner.
On the Cohesio~ o f C e m e n l s .
409
Several circular iron plates are p r o v i d e d , a few inches in diameter, and more or less thick, each o f which has a hole in the eentrej if the steam escape too forcibly d u r i n g the builin~', one of these plates is put upon the escape of the c(mde~sm., st) tMt the oritice of the escape may correspo,|d with the hole in the plate: this simple apparatus, whilst allowing the escape o f the air, or steam, contained in the boiler, immediately controls its t(m violent release by the action of the heat. If one phtte b e i n s u l l i c i e n t , two m" three "are added, one upon the other-; mo,'e than tim," a r e seldom t-eqt/ired, anti tiffs feeble moderator is sul]icient for avt)i,lin~ l),n',tina m" Cxl)losioI|. The |nuriatic acid is totally u n | t e c e s s a r v ia the process h,.re d e scribed, which is unexcepti(ma{)lv s:,l ulwit)u£, its residuum, moreover, havirtx,, the property, of. b(,iw,: hi,/hl v . . tin triti.us, and of impacting I]O corr?s|ye and deleterious l)rn~cildc, a~ occurs in ti~c eml)loyment of murlatm acid. [Ibid.
~i Remarks on 3Ir. I'Fhite's c:r])erimc~tt~' on the cohe,~ion of ccmenls, with a tabular view of their res~tlts, re&teed to a common settle. B y 11. Bevan, Esq. To the editors of the Philosophical Magazlne and Join'hal.
G~,:NTLE~IF.X,~'Fhe papers on c e m e n t s , communicated by Mr. White, and published in the P h i l o s . p h i c a l Maz~t.,.ihc and Annals, N. S. col. xi. pp. ~64 and 535, a r e o f c , n s i d , , , b ] e i,,q),~,(ance or| account t)f the numerous lacts they c m , t a i n . 'l'hev enable the architect and buihler to know where, atltl in what manner~ to apply tim different kinds of cement, and tilt d e g r e e of ..,trc~,s ~}|icl| may safely be laid upon them. A c a r e f u l perusal of the numeral results will 1,fi,~t out several commou errors, in respect to the c o h e s i v e [)rul)erti,'~ of l{oman cement and puzzohtno, under dilt::rent mod[fic:ttions, and under various degrees of exi)osure to llH)is{.tlrC. And as yuu probably may be o f upi,dm~ t!~at un abstract of the resultsgiven iu those pat>ors , r e l l u c c d t¢~ ~;le co:nu,~n sca~c irl a t a b u lar I'OI'Ul,lt'laY be acceptable to s(mm ,,1 ,¢.ur reade!'., and NitVC [liUCh time to individuals~ I take the libec|.j oi" sendi:!g t,z,c. q:, -igp slreltgth j~ i Jhch. Mean.
Ibm,
Cement in bars, age (i days,
l d,'v va~-iable 3 wet " age 47 (lays, 1 dry 2 ray. 3 wet " age 94 days, 1 dry val'. 5 wet VOL. X , ~ N o . (-~.~DEcEMB~;I% 18.3~-
.t74 ~. St;O !:234 - 516"~ 564 ~70 210) (;is F Sl~J 5~
$56
J sso
Making Gelatine./~om Bones.
Fig. ~, view of the extremity opposite to that of fig. ~. .~, exterior conical case, in brass. ~, interior case, of the same metal and form. c, annular space reserved between the two cases a b, and contain. ing water. D, pipes serving to introduce water into the space c, and to carry it otf. ~, figs. 1 and 4, a small, shnple tube, of a conical form, to be inserted at pleasure in the double tube, or tewel, a b, in order to g r a duate the quantity of air that is required to be introduced into the furnace, without any other derangement than that which is necessary to change this small tube for another, the ,~rifice of which is conformable with the effect desired and expected.
[Rep of Pat. Inv. from Brevets d'Inventions.
Palent granied to So,e~I~ VIeTOI~E LAPsE,for a process for making Gelatine from Bones without muriatic acid, yielding a residuu~n which may be used as excellentnourishment. The beef and mutton bones used in this process are first cleared from the flesh, washed, and completely broken up. Whert so prepared the bones are placed upon the fire or exposed to steam, with a sufficient quantity of cold water, in an autoclave, or one of Papin's condensing coppers or marmites; the upper part being secured by an Iron bar, with one or several screws. The fire, or steam, is urged to a considerable degree for several hours, until the time that the water in the copper, or marmite, has possessed, by ebullition, the whole of the gelatine contained in ~he bones: after the fire, or steam, has ceased to act, and when the phosphate of lime, entirely deprived of gelatine, is precipitated to the bottom of the vessel, the liquor is drawn oil by the means of several cocks adapted to the copper; it is clarified, and~ if necessary, afterwards filtered. The water thus saturated with gelatine is exposed to fire or steam in an open copper; the Concentration is carried on till it has attained the consistency of Strop by ebullition, or eva P oration, care being , . taken to agitate it that it may not adhere to the vessel: ~t ~s ti~en poured into tin moulds, in which it cools, to be afterwards placed aecordio.g to the state of the atmosphere, either in a stove, or in the open atr, upon canvass or metallic frames, till it becomes perfectly desiccated. For the evaporation, according to circumstances, Monsieur Derosne's evaporator may be used with success; and in order thateven the shadow of an accident may be avoided, the condensing copper described above is supplied with an escape, in the upper part, for giving vent to the redundant steam or a i r , and which mechanism is controlled in the following manner.
On the Cohesio~ o f C e m e n l s .
409
Several circular iron plates are p r o v i d e d , a few inches in diameter, and more or less thick, each o f which has a hole in the eentrej if the steam escape too forcibly d u r i n g the builin~', one of these plates is put upon the escape of the c(mde~sm., st) tMt the oritice of the escape may correspo,|d with the hole in the plate: this simple apparatus, whilst allowing the escape o f the air, or steam, contained in the boiler, immediately controls its t(m violent release by the action of the heat. If one phtte b e i n s u l l i c i e n t , two m" three "are added, one upon the other-; mo,'e than tim," a r e seldom t-eqt/ired, anti tiffs feeble moderator is sul]icient for avt)i,lin~ l),n',tina m" Cxl)losioI|. The |nuriatic acid is totally u n | t e c e s s a r v ia the process h,.re d e scribed, which is unexcepti(ma{)lv s:,l ulwit)u£, its residuum, moreover, havirtx,, the property, of. b(,iw,: hi,/hl v . . tin triti.us, and of impacting I]O corr?s|ye and deleterious l)rn~cildc, a~ occurs in ti~c eml)loyment of murlatm acid. [Ibid.
~i Remarks on 3Ir. I'Fhite's c:r])erimc~tt~' on the cohe,~ion of ccmenls, with a tabular view of their res~tlts, re&teed to a common settle. B y 11. Bevan, Esq. To the editors of the Philosophical Magazlne and Join'hal.
G~,:NTLE~IF.X,~'Fhe papers on c e m e n t s , communicated by Mr. White, and published in the P h i l o s . p h i c a l Maz~t.,.ihc and Annals, N. S. col. xi. pp. ~64 and 535, a r e o f c , n s i d , , , b ] e i,,q),~,(ance or| account t)f the numerous lacts they c m , t a i n . 'l'hev enable the architect and buihler to know where, atltl in what manner~ to apply tim different kinds of cement, and tilt d e g r e e of ..,trc~,s ~}|icl| may safely be laid upon them. A c a r e f u l perusal of the numeral results will 1,fi,~t out several commou errors, in respect to the c o h e s i v e [)rul)erti,'~ of l{oman cement and puzzohtno, under dilt::rent mod[fic:ttions, and under various degrees of exi)osure to llH)is{.tlrC. And as yuu probably may be o f upi,dm~ t!~at un abstract of the resultsgiven iu those pat>ors , r e l l u c c d t¢~ ~;le co:nu,~n sca~c irl a t a b u lar I'OI'Ul,lt'laY be acceptable to s(mm ,,1 ,¢.ur reade!'., and NitVC [liUCh time to individuals~ I take the libec|.j oi" sendi:!g t,z,c. q:, -igp slreltgth j~ i Jhch. Mean.
Ibm,
Cement in bars, age (i days,
l d,'v va~-iable 3 wet " age 47 (lays, 1 dry 2 ray. 3 wet " age 94 days, 1 dry val'. 5 wet VOL. X , ~ N o . (-~.~DEcEMB~;I% 18.3~-
.t74 ~. St;O !:234 - 516"~ 564 ~70 210) (;is F Sl~J 5~
$56
J sso