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Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Part 2
Pediatric Infectious Disease: Part II
Preface P e d i a t r i c In f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s , Part 2
Mary Anne Jackson, MD, FAAP, FPIDS, FIDSA Angela L. Myers, MD, MPH, FAAP, FPIDS Editors
We are delighted to present this second issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America devoted to pediatrics and featuring state-of-the-art reviews related to pediatric vaccine-preventable infections. We are proud to have enlisted authors who are exceptional national and international leaders and key subject matter experts in the field of communicable disease and childhood immunizations. We feel this issue offers comprehensive, state-of-the-art summaries focused on some of the most important advances and challenges related to pediatric immunization. Diseases and vaccines covered include influenza, rotavirus, rabies, poliomyelitis, meningococcus, pneumococcus, pertussis, human papillomavirus, measles, and travel-related vaccines. The topic of influenza is covered by Drs Bernstein and Livingston, who outline the clinical manifestations, morbidity, and mortality of pediatric infection and the success and challenges related to influenza vaccination. Dr Dennehy highlights the success of the national rotavirus vaccine program and the remarkable impact on the incidence of rotavirus disease, describing rotavirus enteritis in young infants as possibly a disease of the past. Dr Rodney Willoughby provides an inclusive discussion of rabies disease, diagnosis and treatment, and outlines the approach to pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxis. Drs Orenstein, Cochi, and Julie Garon elegantly describe the prospects of global elimination of poliomyelitis, focusing on the role that US physicians play in surveillance, vaccination, advocacy, and support of the global initiative for polio eradication. Drs Cohn and Jessica McNeil note that meningococcal disease is at an all-time low and outline the recommendations for the currently available meningococcal vaccines, including the new meningococcal B vaccines. Drs Pelton, Yildirim, and Kimberly Shea highlight the dramatic change in the epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in the era of conjugate vaccines over the last 15 years and spotlight the role for new strategies to address the disproportionate burden of pneumococcal infection, which occurs in children with underlying host susceptibilities. The topic of Infect Dis Clin N Am 29 (2015) xiii–xiv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2015.09.001 0891-5520/15/$ – see front matter Ó 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
id.theclinics.com
xiv
Preface
pertussis is covered by Drs Long and Souder, who provide a state-of-the-art discussion of the diagnosis and management, and the barriers to eradication, owing to changes in the organism and potential limitation of the currently available acellular pertussis vaccines. Drs Pahud and Ault discuss the spectrum of HPV-associated cancers and the role for and success thus far of the US HPV vaccine program, noting that despite ongoing efforts from providers and established guidelines, national coverage with the recommended three doses of HPV vaccine remains inadequate. Drs Seward and Goodson present a state-of-the-art review on measles, with a description of the current outbreak status in the United States related to importation of cases, emphasizing that practitioners must remain vigilant to maintain measles outbreak preparedness and the rapid response necessary to contain outbreaks. Drs Christenson and Myers provide a comprehensive vaccination approach to the traveling child with discussion of vaccine efficacy for specific diseases, and up-to-date information regarding risks of vaccine-preventable diseases in developing nations. Last, Dr Smith provides an overview of the problem of vaccine hesitancy, emphasizing the most effective communication strategies for effective vaccine risk communication that should be utilized with parents. We hope that pediatric providers, including infectious diseases physicians and others, find this volume helpful to their practice. We would like to thank all of the authors for their contributions, and we especially recognize Jane Seward, who completed her work while deployed in Sierra Leone, Africa, where she was initiating a CDC-sponsored Ebola vaccine study. We again thank the editors, especially Donald Mumford, for helping us keep the issue on track, and Dr Helen Boucher, for inviting us to compile this issue. It has truly been a labor of love for us to bring this issue to you. Mary Anne Jackson, MD, FAAP, FPIDS, FIDSA Infectious Diseases Children’s Mercy Hospital University of MissouriKansas City School of Medicine 2401 Gillham Road Kansas City, MO 64108, USA Angela L. Myers, MD, MPH, FAAP, FPIDS Children’s Mercy Hospital University of MissouriKansas City School of Medicine 2401 Gillham Road Kansas City, MO 64108, USA E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M.A. Jackson) [email protected] (A.L. Myers)
Preface P e d i a t r i c In f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s , Part 2
Mary Anne Jackson, MD, FAAP, FPIDS, FIDSA Angela L. Myers, MD, MPH, FAAP, FPIDS Editors
We are delighted to present this second issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America devoted to pediatrics and featuring state-of-the-art reviews related to pediatric vaccine-preventable infections. We are proud to have enlisted authors who are exceptional national and international leaders and key subject matter experts in the field of communicable disease and childhood immunizations. We feel this issue offers comprehensive, state-of-the-art summaries focused on some of the most important advances and challenges related to pediatric immunization. Diseases and vaccines covered include influenza, rotavirus, rabies, poliomyelitis, meningococcus, pneumococcus, pertussis, human papillomavirus, measles, and travel-related vaccines. The topic of influenza is covered by Drs Bernstein and Livingston, who outline the clinical manifestations, morbidity, and mortality of pediatric infection and the success and challenges related to influenza vaccination. Dr Dennehy highlights the success of the national rotavirus vaccine program and the remarkable impact on the incidence of rotavirus disease, describing rotavirus enteritis in young infants as possibly a disease of the past. Dr Rodney Willoughby provides an inclusive discussion of rabies disease, diagnosis and treatment, and outlines the approach to pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxis. Drs Orenstein, Cochi, and Julie Garon elegantly describe the prospects of global elimination of poliomyelitis, focusing on the role that US physicians play in surveillance, vaccination, advocacy, and support of the global initiative for polio eradication. Drs Cohn and Jessica McNeil note that meningococcal disease is at an all-time low and outline the recommendations for the currently available meningococcal vaccines, including the new meningococcal B vaccines. Drs Pelton, Yildirim, and Kimberly Shea highlight the dramatic change in the epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in the era of conjugate vaccines over the last 15 years and spotlight the role for new strategies to address the disproportionate burden of pneumococcal infection, which occurs in children with underlying host susceptibilities. The topic of Infect Dis Clin N Am 29 (2015) xiii–xiv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2015.09.001 0891-5520/15/$ – see front matter Ó 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
id.theclinics.com
xiv
Preface
pertussis is covered by Drs Long and Souder, who provide a state-of-the-art discussion of the diagnosis and management, and the barriers to eradication, owing to changes in the organism and potential limitation of the currently available acellular pertussis vaccines. Drs Pahud and Ault discuss the spectrum of HPV-associated cancers and the role for and success thus far of the US HPV vaccine program, noting that despite ongoing efforts from providers and established guidelines, national coverage with the recommended three doses of HPV vaccine remains inadequate. Drs Seward and Goodson present a state-of-the-art review on measles, with a description of the current outbreak status in the United States related to importation of cases, emphasizing that practitioners must remain vigilant to maintain measles outbreak preparedness and the rapid response necessary to contain outbreaks. Drs Christenson and Myers provide a comprehensive vaccination approach to the traveling child with discussion of vaccine efficacy for specific diseases, and up-to-date information regarding risks of vaccine-preventable diseases in developing nations. Last, Dr Smith provides an overview of the problem of vaccine hesitancy, emphasizing the most effective communication strategies for effective vaccine risk communication that should be utilized with parents. We hope that pediatric providers, including infectious diseases physicians and others, find this volume helpful to their practice. We would like to thank all of the authors for their contributions, and we especially recognize Jane Seward, who completed her work while deployed in Sierra Leone, Africa, where she was initiating a CDC-sponsored Ebola vaccine study. We again thank the editors, especially Donald Mumford, for helping us keep the issue on track, and Dr Helen Boucher, for inviting us to compile this issue. It has truly been a labor of love for us to bring this issue to you. Mary Anne Jackson, MD, FAAP, FPIDS, FIDSA Infectious Diseases Children’s Mercy Hospital University of MissouriKansas City School of Medicine 2401 Gillham Road Kansas City, MO 64108, USA Angela L. Myers, MD, MPH, FAAP, FPIDS Children’s Mercy Hospital University of MissouriKansas City School of Medicine 2401 Gillham Road Kansas City, MO 64108, USA E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M.A. Jackson) [email protected] (A.L. Myers)