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Pediatric nausea, vomiting, and retching guide
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Proceedings of the 23nd Annual APON Conference
for family support, and recognizing own feelings; and (c) problem-solving by asking questions, planning how to deal with the stress and for dismissal from hospital. The combined quantitative and qualitative findings indicate that (a) mothers are aware of stress from multiple sources during the child's SCT (b) cope by acquiring an understanding of the child's responses as well as evaluating their own responses, which they believed they usually controlled; and (c) use their usual problem-solving style of systematic planning how to reduce the stress effects and evaluating the success of the plan. Thus, it is important to incorporate the mother's coping strategy and problem-solving style when developing a psychosocial intervention to assist the mothers during their child's SCT.
Reference Nelson, A.E., Miles, M.S., & Belyea, M.J. (1997). Coping and support effects on mothers' stress responses to their child's hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing,/4(4) 202-212.
Pediatric Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching Guide Kristi Geib, MSN, RN, CPNP, F r a n Wright, MSN, RN, CPNP; University of North Carolina at C h a p e l Hill, C h a p e l Hill, NC Nausea, vomiting, and retching are three of the most common, distressing, and debilitating side effects of antineoplastic chemotherapy and can be devastating to an individual's quality of life. The problems of nausea, vomiting, and retching are often more pronounced in children (Keller, 1995). Despite the prevalence and severity of these symptoms, little attention has been devoted to the methodological problems encountered, especially in pediatrics, and conduction clinical trials on antiemetic treatments. In particular, researchers have not achieved reliable and valid measurements of nausea, vomiting, and retching in children. The purpose of this study, then, was to develop and evaluate an instrument to assess nausea, vomiting, and retching in school-aged children receiving chemotherapy. There were two phases in-
volved in this methodological study of the Pediatric Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching Guide (PNVR): instrument development and pilot testing the PNVR. The PNVR was pilot tested on a convenience sample of 15 schoolaged children diagnosed with cancer and receiving chemotherapy, along with their parents and nurses. Data collection included four categories: (a) subjective data (PNVR ratings of the child, parent, and nurse), (b) objective data (oral intake; documented number of nausea, vomiting, and retching episodes; antiemetic use; and chemotherapy agents), (c) demographic data (age, gender, race, diagnosis, and length in treatment), and (d) observations recorded through field notes. Data analysis included the determination of reliability by test-retest and Cronbach's alpha reliability and the establishment of validity by content, construct, and face validity. An alpha level of 0.05 (two-tailed) was determined prior to the initiation of the pilot study. Findings indicated that the PNVR was (a) reliable for nausea duration, nausea severity, bother of eating, bother of not playing, bother of having to rest, and bother of feeling cranky, (b) had acceptable internal consistency for the bother concepts of eating, playing, resting, and feeling cranky, (c) had content and face validity, and (d) had construct validity for nausea duration, nausea severity, vomiting frequency, retching frequency, bother of not playing, and bother of worrying about making a mess. Further development of the PNVR will contribute to the research necessary to substantiate a more comprehensive understanding of nausea, vomiting, and retching, and their bother of these symptoms in children of all ages and races. The I m p a c t of C a n c e r on Adolescent
Development K a t h l e e n L. Neville, PhD, RN; D e p a r t m e n t of Nursing, K e a n University, Union, N J The experience of having cancer does not end with the cessation of treatment. Issues and concerns m a y extend for m a n y years. Using grounded theory, data were obtained from seven adult survivors of cancer who
Proceedings of the 23nd Annual APON Conference
for family support, and recognizing own feelings; and (c) problem-solving by asking questions, planning how to deal with the stress and for dismissal from hospital. The combined quantitative and qualitative findings indicate that (a) mothers are aware of stress from multiple sources during the child's SCT (b) cope by acquiring an understanding of the child's responses as well as evaluating their own responses, which they believed they usually controlled; and (c) use their usual problem-solving style of systematic planning how to reduce the stress effects and evaluating the success of the plan. Thus, it is important to incorporate the mother's coping strategy and problem-solving style when developing a psychosocial intervention to assist the mothers during their child's SCT.
Reference Nelson, A.E., Miles, M.S., & Belyea, M.J. (1997). Coping and support effects on mothers' stress responses to their child's hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing,/4(4) 202-212.
Pediatric Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching Guide Kristi Geib, MSN, RN, CPNP, F r a n Wright, MSN, RN, CPNP; University of North Carolina at C h a p e l Hill, C h a p e l Hill, NC Nausea, vomiting, and retching are three of the most common, distressing, and debilitating side effects of antineoplastic chemotherapy and can be devastating to an individual's quality of life. The problems of nausea, vomiting, and retching are often more pronounced in children (Keller, 1995). Despite the prevalence and severity of these symptoms, little attention has been devoted to the methodological problems encountered, especially in pediatrics, and conduction clinical trials on antiemetic treatments. In particular, researchers have not achieved reliable and valid measurements of nausea, vomiting, and retching in children. The purpose of this study, then, was to develop and evaluate an instrument to assess nausea, vomiting, and retching in school-aged children receiving chemotherapy. There were two phases in-
volved in this methodological study of the Pediatric Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching Guide (PNVR): instrument development and pilot testing the PNVR. The PNVR was pilot tested on a convenience sample of 15 schoolaged children diagnosed with cancer and receiving chemotherapy, along with their parents and nurses. Data collection included four categories: (a) subjective data (PNVR ratings of the child, parent, and nurse), (b) objective data (oral intake; documented number of nausea, vomiting, and retching episodes; antiemetic use; and chemotherapy agents), (c) demographic data (age, gender, race, diagnosis, and length in treatment), and (d) observations recorded through field notes. Data analysis included the determination of reliability by test-retest and Cronbach's alpha reliability and the establishment of validity by content, construct, and face validity. An alpha level of 0.05 (two-tailed) was determined prior to the initiation of the pilot study. Findings indicated that the PNVR was (a) reliable for nausea duration, nausea severity, bother of eating, bother of not playing, bother of having to rest, and bother of feeling cranky, (b) had acceptable internal consistency for the bother concepts of eating, playing, resting, and feeling cranky, (c) had content and face validity, and (d) had construct validity for nausea duration, nausea severity, vomiting frequency, retching frequency, bother of not playing, and bother of worrying about making a mess. Further development of the PNVR will contribute to the research necessary to substantiate a more comprehensive understanding of nausea, vomiting, and retching, and their bother of these symptoms in children of all ages and races. The I m p a c t of C a n c e r on Adolescent
Development K a t h l e e n L. Neville, PhD, RN; D e p a r t m e n t of Nursing, K e a n University, Union, N J The experience of having cancer does not end with the cessation of treatment. Issues and concerns m a y extend for m a n y years. Using grounded theory, data were obtained from seven adult survivors of cancer who