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Percolation Processes, Theory and Applications
1370
Book Reviews
is that the addition of up to 1 M NaCl solution to a dispersion of casein micelles does -not lead to coagulation . , . it is difficult to argue convincingly that the stability is consistent with DLVO theory” (pp. 423-424). The innocent reader might well have been warned of such major difficulties earlier, particularly before he started on the mathematics of the DLVO theory in Chap. 2. In reality, for food systems (as for colloids allegedly obeying the Schulz-Hardy rule), the specific adsorption as is energy of a particular ion is usually very important, evident in the different behaviours of (for example) Cu*+, Ca2+, BaZ+ and M$+, and elso in the different stabilities of the various surfaces in collodial systems to any given salt. That these specific interaction effects are of very great significance, the reviewer has repeatedly pointed out: comparative stabilities and toxicities cannot be understood without them.
In summary, what the present book achieves is to highlight the vast chasm between mathematical colloid theory and food technology. The very detailed treatment of colloid theory seems, in the circumstances, to be not justified. One may well hope that the chasm till one day be bridged by more than a few thin threads, but meanwhile it is hard to support the authors in recommending their book for final year under-graduates (even if it were much cheaper than .+Z48.00), though research workers will find in it many useful summaries and sources of references in basic colloid science. Department of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham PO Box 363. Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2 TT England
J. T. DAVIES
DECBEMA Chemistry Data Series Vol. VI. Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Mixtures of Low Boiling Substances. Knapp H., &ring R., Oellrich L., Pliicker U. and Prausnitz J. M. (Edited by Behrens D. and Eckermann R.). Dechema Frankfurt/Main 1982.
This volume is mainly based on the Berlin Data Bank of the Institute of Thermodynamics and Plant Design of the Technical University of Berlin (West). It is intended to assist process design engineers in the chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas industry by a collection of experimental data as well as an instruction how to use thermodynamic fundamentals for data correlation on the basis of four generalized equations of state (Benedict-WebbRubin-Starling, Lee-Kesler-Pliicker. Redlich-Kwong-Soave, Peng-Robinson) and a (limited) comparison between measured and calculated data for so-called normal fluids. In the first literature survey (1900-1973) 46 substances are reviewed like noble gases, paraffinic, olefinic as well as acetylenic hydrocarbons up to (210but also Cl,, 4, &O, HCl, HZ, HzO, HIS, NH3, NO, NOi, Nz, N20,02 and SO2 and their mixtures (350 binary systems, 90 ternary systems and 40 systems containing more than 3 components). In the supplementary survey (1973-t980) pure hydrocarbons are included up to C% and also fluorinated,
chlorinated and oxidized hydrocarbons as well as COS, Cs2, CHJNOI, SF+,, cephalin and lecitin involved in 560 binary mixtures, 130 ternary mixtures and 24 mixtures with more than 3 components. Most of them are components of technically important mixtures such as air, natural gas and synthetic gas from coal or oil gasification. The data bank is a listing of experimental T, p, x. x data of binary mixtures and in addition p --x and K-p diagrams. The average deviations between experimental data and calculated values may serve as an indicator for the ability of the respective equations of state to reproduce VLE data. It is believed by the referee, that this volume will serve very well process engineers in their design work as well as thermodynamic specialists as a source of reference for checking their correlations. H. HOFMANN
Pereol&ion Pmeesses,Thmy and Applications (Edited by Rodrigues A. E. and Tondeur D.), Series NATO ASI Applied Sciences 33. Marthms Nijhoff, The Hague, 594pp, US $65.00.
The book is a collection of thirteen papers presented as lectures at a Summer School in Espinho, Portugal, July 1978. In the preface to the book the editors A. E. Rodrigues and D. Tondeur define “percolation” as a process in which at least two phases, one continuous and the other dispersed, are in bulk relative movement and exchange heat and/or mass through their interface. In practical terms this covers operations such as adsorption, ion exchange, leaching, washing, fluid-fluid displacement in porous media, deep bed filtration, chromatography. The first six papers are devoted to the general principles of percolation processes with preparative chromatography being selccted for detailed analysis iri four of the papers. Major advances have taken place in the scale up of chromatographic processes in the past decade and those not familiar with such advances are recommended to read the chapter by A. J. de Rosset et al. entitled “Industrial Applications of Preparative Chromato-
graphy”, which outlines some of the key processes
based on simulated counter-current operation. The papers by P. Valentin of the ELF Research Centre and by P. Le Goff on batch preparative chromatographic processes are also useful for presenting currrent knowledge in this developing field of separation. It is probably not generally realised that chromatographic units with column diameters of l-3 metres are now in use. In the second part of the book three papers on multi-component percolation processes starting with the equilibrium model and then introducing deviations such as non-isothermal nonequilibrium are presented. A useful review paper by G. Klein on ion exchange and chemical reaction in lixed beds closes this section. In part three cyclic percolation operations are studied, namely parametric pumping, pressyre swing adsorption (P. C. Wankat) and a novel application of chromatography-the chromatographic reactor are detailed.
Book Reviews
The main criticism of the book is that it did not invite a wider spread of authors to give papers to the Summer School. Six papers were of French origin, five U.S., one Korean and one Portugese. Since the financial support for the Summer School was made by the NATO Advanced Study Institute Programme, one might ask why no British speakers, particularly since British workers have probably done more in the chromatographic field than most countries, starting with Martin and Synge’s classic work in 1942 that sparked off the world wide developments in chromatographic analysis and the quest for the scale-up of chromatographic processes.
1371
Nevertheless a useful hook as far as it goes providing remembers that you will have read only half the story.
one
P. E. BARKER Department of Chemical Engineering The Universiry of Asfon Gostn Green Birmingham B4 7ET England
Book Reviews
is that the addition of up to 1 M NaCl solution to a dispersion of casein micelles does -not lead to coagulation . , . it is difficult to argue convincingly that the stability is consistent with DLVO theory” (pp. 423-424). The innocent reader might well have been warned of such major difficulties earlier, particularly before he started on the mathematics of the DLVO theory in Chap. 2. In reality, for food systems (as for colloids allegedly obeying the Schulz-Hardy rule), the specific adsorption as is energy of a particular ion is usually very important, evident in the different behaviours of (for example) Cu*+, Ca2+, BaZ+ and M$+, and elso in the different stabilities of the various surfaces in collodial systems to any given salt. That these specific interaction effects are of very great significance, the reviewer has repeatedly pointed out: comparative stabilities and toxicities cannot be understood without them.
In summary, what the present book achieves is to highlight the vast chasm between mathematical colloid theory and food technology. The very detailed treatment of colloid theory seems, in the circumstances, to be not justified. One may well hope that the chasm till one day be bridged by more than a few thin threads, but meanwhile it is hard to support the authors in recommending their book for final year under-graduates (even if it were much cheaper than .+Z48.00), though research workers will find in it many useful summaries and sources of references in basic colloid science. Department of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham PO Box 363. Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2 TT England
J. T. DAVIES
DECBEMA Chemistry Data Series Vol. VI. Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Mixtures of Low Boiling Substances. Knapp H., &ring R., Oellrich L., Pliicker U. and Prausnitz J. M. (Edited by Behrens D. and Eckermann R.). Dechema Frankfurt/Main 1982.
This volume is mainly based on the Berlin Data Bank of the Institute of Thermodynamics and Plant Design of the Technical University of Berlin (West). It is intended to assist process design engineers in the chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas industry by a collection of experimental data as well as an instruction how to use thermodynamic fundamentals for data correlation on the basis of four generalized equations of state (Benedict-WebbRubin-Starling, Lee-Kesler-Pliicker. Redlich-Kwong-Soave, Peng-Robinson) and a (limited) comparison between measured and calculated data for so-called normal fluids. In the first literature survey (1900-1973) 46 substances are reviewed like noble gases, paraffinic, olefinic as well as acetylenic hydrocarbons up to (210but also Cl,, 4, &O, HCl, HZ, HzO, HIS, NH3, NO, NOi, Nz, N20,02 and SO2 and their mixtures (350 binary systems, 90 ternary systems and 40 systems containing more than 3 components). In the supplementary survey (1973-t980) pure hydrocarbons are included up to C% and also fluorinated,
chlorinated and oxidized hydrocarbons as well as COS, Cs2, CHJNOI, SF+,, cephalin and lecitin involved in 560 binary mixtures, 130 ternary mixtures and 24 mixtures with more than 3 components. Most of them are components of technically important mixtures such as air, natural gas and synthetic gas from coal or oil gasification. The data bank is a listing of experimental T, p, x. x data of binary mixtures and in addition p --x and K-p diagrams. The average deviations between experimental data and calculated values may serve as an indicator for the ability of the respective equations of state to reproduce VLE data. It is believed by the referee, that this volume will serve very well process engineers in their design work as well as thermodynamic specialists as a source of reference for checking their correlations. H. HOFMANN
Pereol&ion Pmeesses,Thmy and Applications (Edited by Rodrigues A. E. and Tondeur D.), Series NATO ASI Applied Sciences 33. Marthms Nijhoff, The Hague, 594pp, US $65.00.
The book is a collection of thirteen papers presented as lectures at a Summer School in Espinho, Portugal, July 1978. In the preface to the book the editors A. E. Rodrigues and D. Tondeur define “percolation” as a process in which at least two phases, one continuous and the other dispersed, are in bulk relative movement and exchange heat and/or mass through their interface. In practical terms this covers operations such as adsorption, ion exchange, leaching, washing, fluid-fluid displacement in porous media, deep bed filtration, chromatography. The first six papers are devoted to the general principles of percolation processes with preparative chromatography being selccted for detailed analysis iri four of the papers. Major advances have taken place in the scale up of chromatographic processes in the past decade and those not familiar with such advances are recommended to read the chapter by A. J. de Rosset et al. entitled “Industrial Applications of Preparative Chromato-
graphy”, which outlines some of the key processes
based on simulated counter-current operation. The papers by P. Valentin of the ELF Research Centre and by P. Le Goff on batch preparative chromatographic processes are also useful for presenting currrent knowledge in this developing field of separation. It is probably not generally realised that chromatographic units with column diameters of l-3 metres are now in use. In the second part of the book three papers on multi-component percolation processes starting with the equilibrium model and then introducing deviations such as non-isothermal nonequilibrium are presented. A useful review paper by G. Klein on ion exchange and chemical reaction in lixed beds closes this section. In part three cyclic percolation operations are studied, namely parametric pumping, pressyre swing adsorption (P. C. Wankat) and a novel application of chromatography-the chromatographic reactor are detailed.
Book Reviews
The main criticism of the book is that it did not invite a wider spread of authors to give papers to the Summer School. Six papers were of French origin, five U.S., one Korean and one Portugese. Since the financial support for the Summer School was made by the NATO Advanced Study Institute Programme, one might ask why no British speakers, particularly since British workers have probably done more in the chromatographic field than most countries, starting with Martin and Synge’s classic work in 1942 that sparked off the world wide developments in chromatographic analysis and the quest for the scale-up of chromatographic processes.
1371
Nevertheless a useful hook as far as it goes providing remembers that you will have read only half the story.
one
P. E. BARKER Department of Chemical Engineering The Universiry of Asfon Gostn Green Birmingham B4 7ET England