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Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications
Alexandria Engineering Journal (2017) xxx, xxx–xxx
H O S T E D BY
Alexandria University
Alexandria Engineering Journal www.elsevier.com/locate/aej www.sciencedirect.com
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications N. Sudhakar Reddy *, K. Siddappa Naidu, S. Ashok Kumar Veltech Dr.RR & Dr.SR University, India Received 19 December 2016; revised 27 January 2017; accepted 13 February 2017
KEYWORDS UWB; CPW; FR4; Wireless communication
Abstract This paper presents a novel design of a spear shaped antenna for wireless communications. Presently many research groups are working on wireless communication technologies and proposed various types of antenna designs. This proposed antenna fulfills the requirement of low cost, less weight, small size for wireless devices. The design and simulation of proposed CPW fed antenna are carried out with RT Duroid substrate and dimension of antenna substrate is 14 mm 18 mm. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is 3.1–10.8 GHz. High Frequency Structure Simulator software HFSS’s optometric is used for the proposed antenna for more accuracy and results are optimized. The simple configuration and low profile attributes of the proposed antenna made it easy for fabrication and suitable for the application in the UWB band applications. Ó 2017 Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
1. Introduction In recent years, wireless communication system provides a great interest in an antenna with multiband characteristics for research work. Antennas with smaller size, easy fabrication, less weight, compatibility, and easy integration with other feed networks have many applications over the broad frequency ranges. This system is having data transfer rate of around 10 times faster than the 3G mobile communication [1–3]. Nowadays due to increasing demand of high spectral efficiency to transfer data in form of video and multimedia it * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (N. Sudhakar Reddy), [email protected] (K. Siddappa Naidu), ashokape@ gmail.com (S. Ashok Kumar). Peer review under responsibility of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University.
is required to develop such antenna which operates in wide range of frequencies[4–7]. As per the recent demand, a spear shape antenna, for the next generation wireless communication system, is presented for this paper. In response to these applications, this paper presents the processing procedure and elucidation of large number of digitized reflectivity factor data for UWB band applications. The proposed antenna provides operating bands, covering the ultra wide band (UWB) band frequency range. The proposed system is designed with CPW feed, so it responses the high frequency range and condenses the back radiation of an antenna. The total volume of an antenna is very small i.e. 10 * 10 mm, thickness is 1 mm. Then the hexagon shape bow-tie antenna is designed and analyzed with their relative dielectric permittivity, electrical conductivity and mass density, and measures the antenna parameters such as return loss, VSWR, E & H plane pattern and gain [8].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021 1110-0168 Ó 2017 Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: N. Sudhakar Reddy et al., Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021
2
N. Sudhakar Reddy et al.
2. Antenna structure Design of CPW fed spear shape antenna based on the basic parameters of resonant frequency range is 3.1–10.8 GHz, relative permittivity of RT Duroid Substrate is 10.2, tand is 0.0001 and height is 1.6 mm. Width and Length of a patch antenna are calculated using standard formula for the design of microstrip patch antenna. The design has been simulated by using CST microwave studio software, which is a full-wave electromagnetic field simulation package with the criterion of lower return loss S11 is 10 dB. The total size of the substrate is 14 mm 18 mm including ground plane with the height of 1.6 mm. Spear shape has been investigated for the UWB band antennas in the wireless communication systems [9,10]. Design dimensions of spear shaped CPW fed antenna structure are shown in Fig. 1. Ground plane is kept on the same plane of antenna. The antenna is fed by 50 O CPW fed line. The spear shape antenna has to be fabricated using RT Duroid substrate and measurement setup model is depicted in Fig. 2. Then the fabricated antenna has to be measured in order to get the required outputs. The measurement setup model of proposed CPW fed antenna is shown in Fig. 2. Then compare both the simulated and the measured outputs, if both seems to be equal, then antenna has been satisfied.
Figure 2
Experimental setup of proposed antenna.
3. Results and discussion In order to validate the simulation results, the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured with real time environment. Fig. 2 shows the return loss measurement setup of proposed implanted antenna. In this measurement, the dipole has an effect on demonstrating the polarization of the antenna. By altering the angle of the dipole, the polarization of the proposed antenna can be well verified. As seen in Figs. 3 and 4, S-parameter of the spear shaped antenna is measured. Because of the possible fabricated tolerance and the problem of the purity of substrate, the s11 value is measured and designed antenna is less than 10 dB ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.8 GHz. The receiving antenna also has wider bandwidth. The radiation pattern of the proposed antennas was also measured as receiving antenna was located at different angles. Figure 3
14
18
1
Experimental view of return loss.
As shown in Fig. 5, the polarization of the proposed antenna working at UWB Band performs well in spite of the angles. In all, we can achieve the good performance of the polarization at same. The gain of proposed antenna exhibits maximum of 10dBi for h = 0 and u = 0 and it is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The antenna gain is very high because the antenna is fabricated in compatible material. 3.1. Gain and 3D View
0.5
Figure 1 Geometrical view of proposed antenna (all dimensions are in mm).
The gain of the proposed CPW fed spear shaped antenna is measured using radiation pattern measurement. It is observed from the graph, the gain of the antenna is almost constant
Please cite this article in press as: N. Sudhakar Reddy et al., Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021
Performance and design of spear shaped antenna
Figure 4
3
Return loss characteristics.
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 5
E-plane of proposed antenna.
throughout the resonant band frequency. It is also being noted that the gain energy value remains same. The 3D view of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 7. The green color field shows the maximum current distribution of the proposed antenna structure. 4. Conclusion A spear shaped CPW fed antenna was designed for UWB band applications and it exhibits high gain for the frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 10.8 GHz. Besides, size of antenna is kept small considering its use in wireless devices. This antenna thus
H-plane of proposed antenna.
Three dimensional view.
is a suitable for the application in the UWB band applications. Moreover, the proposed antenna can achieve 72% size reduction. By truncating diagonal corners, the polarization is also well implemented in different radical directions. References [1] Alexander Haas, Markus Peichl, A. Simon, Design of wide-band corrugated feed horn for reflector antenna in radar applications, in: 2016 German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), Bochum, 2016. [2] S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, Implantable CPW fed monopole H-slot antenna for 2.45 GHz ISM band applications, Int. J. Electron. Commun. 68 (7) (2014) 661–666, Elsevier Publications. [3] J. Fouany, M. Thevenot, E. Arnaud, F. Torres, T. Monediere, N. Adnet, R. Manrique, L. Duchesne, J.M. Baracco, Circurlaly
Please cite this article in press as: N. Sudhakar Reddy et al., Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021
4 polarized isoflux compact X band antenna for nano-satellites applications, in: Proceedings of the 12th European Radar Conference, Paris, 2015. [4] S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, Design and analysis of implantable CPW fed X-monopole antenna for ISM band applications, Telemed. e-Health 20 (3) (2014) 246–252, Mary Ann Liebert Inc, USA. [5] Azzeddin Naghar, Otman Aghzout, Ana Alejos, Manuel Sanchez, Azzeddin Naghar, Ultra Wideband and tri-band Antennas for satellite applications at C-, X-, and Ku bands, in: Proceedings of 2014 Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS2014), Marrakech, 2014. [6] H. Zahra 1, S. Rafique 2, Wei-Lun Fong 3, Feed analysis of tripatch multiband antenna for satellite communication, in: Proceedings of ISAP 2014, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Dec. 2–5, 2014.
N. Sudhakar Reddy et al. [7] S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, Design and development of implantable CPW fed monopole U slot antenna at 2.45 GHz ISM band for biomedical applications, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 57 (7) (2015), Wiley and Blackwell, US. [8] A. Alomainy, Y. Hao, C.G. Parini, P.S. Hall, Comparison between two different antennas for UWB on-body propagation measurements, IEEE Antennas Wire. Propag. Lett. 4 (2005) 31–34. [9] A. Sani, M. Rajab, R. Foster, Y. Hao, Antennas and propagation of implanted RFIDs for pervasive healthcare applications, Proc. IEEE 98 (9) (2010) 1648–1655. [10] S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, Analysis and design of implantable Z-monopole antennas at 2.45 GHz ISM band for biomedical applications, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 57 (2) (2015), Wiley and Blackwell, US.
Please cite this article in press as: N. Sudhakar Reddy et al., Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021
H O S T E D BY
Alexandria University
Alexandria Engineering Journal www.elsevier.com/locate/aej www.sciencedirect.com
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications N. Sudhakar Reddy *, K. Siddappa Naidu, S. Ashok Kumar Veltech Dr.RR & Dr.SR University, India Received 19 December 2016; revised 27 January 2017; accepted 13 February 2017
KEYWORDS UWB; CPW; FR4; Wireless communication
Abstract This paper presents a novel design of a spear shaped antenna for wireless communications. Presently many research groups are working on wireless communication technologies and proposed various types of antenna designs. This proposed antenna fulfills the requirement of low cost, less weight, small size for wireless devices. The design and simulation of proposed CPW fed antenna are carried out with RT Duroid substrate and dimension of antenna substrate is 14 mm 18 mm. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is 3.1–10.8 GHz. High Frequency Structure Simulator software HFSS’s optometric is used for the proposed antenna for more accuracy and results are optimized. The simple configuration and low profile attributes of the proposed antenna made it easy for fabrication and suitable for the application in the UWB band applications. Ó 2017 Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
1. Introduction In recent years, wireless communication system provides a great interest in an antenna with multiband characteristics for research work. Antennas with smaller size, easy fabrication, less weight, compatibility, and easy integration with other feed networks have many applications over the broad frequency ranges. This system is having data transfer rate of around 10 times faster than the 3G mobile communication [1–3]. Nowadays due to increasing demand of high spectral efficiency to transfer data in form of video and multimedia it * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (N. Sudhakar Reddy), [email protected] (K. Siddappa Naidu), ashokape@ gmail.com (S. Ashok Kumar). Peer review under responsibility of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University.
is required to develop such antenna which operates in wide range of frequencies[4–7]. As per the recent demand, a spear shape antenna, for the next generation wireless communication system, is presented for this paper. In response to these applications, this paper presents the processing procedure and elucidation of large number of digitized reflectivity factor data for UWB band applications. The proposed antenna provides operating bands, covering the ultra wide band (UWB) band frequency range. The proposed system is designed with CPW feed, so it responses the high frequency range and condenses the back radiation of an antenna. The total volume of an antenna is very small i.e. 10 * 10 mm, thickness is 1 mm. Then the hexagon shape bow-tie antenna is designed and analyzed with their relative dielectric permittivity, electrical conductivity and mass density, and measures the antenna parameters such as return loss, VSWR, E & H plane pattern and gain [8].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021 1110-0168 Ó 2017 Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: N. Sudhakar Reddy et al., Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021
2
N. Sudhakar Reddy et al.
2. Antenna structure Design of CPW fed spear shape antenna based on the basic parameters of resonant frequency range is 3.1–10.8 GHz, relative permittivity of RT Duroid Substrate is 10.2, tand is 0.0001 and height is 1.6 mm. Width and Length of a patch antenna are calculated using standard formula for the design of microstrip patch antenna. The design has been simulated by using CST microwave studio software, which is a full-wave electromagnetic field simulation package with the criterion of lower return loss S11 is 10 dB. The total size of the substrate is 14 mm 18 mm including ground plane with the height of 1.6 mm. Spear shape has been investigated for the UWB band antennas in the wireless communication systems [9,10]. Design dimensions of spear shaped CPW fed antenna structure are shown in Fig. 1. Ground plane is kept on the same plane of antenna. The antenna is fed by 50 O CPW fed line. The spear shape antenna has to be fabricated using RT Duroid substrate and measurement setup model is depicted in Fig. 2. Then the fabricated antenna has to be measured in order to get the required outputs. The measurement setup model of proposed CPW fed antenna is shown in Fig. 2. Then compare both the simulated and the measured outputs, if both seems to be equal, then antenna has been satisfied.
Figure 2
Experimental setup of proposed antenna.
3. Results and discussion In order to validate the simulation results, the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured with real time environment. Fig. 2 shows the return loss measurement setup of proposed implanted antenna. In this measurement, the dipole has an effect on demonstrating the polarization of the antenna. By altering the angle of the dipole, the polarization of the proposed antenna can be well verified. As seen in Figs. 3 and 4, S-parameter of the spear shaped antenna is measured. Because of the possible fabricated tolerance and the problem of the purity of substrate, the s11 value is measured and designed antenna is less than 10 dB ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.8 GHz. The receiving antenna also has wider bandwidth. The radiation pattern of the proposed antennas was also measured as receiving antenna was located at different angles. Figure 3
14
18
1
Experimental view of return loss.
As shown in Fig. 5, the polarization of the proposed antenna working at UWB Band performs well in spite of the angles. In all, we can achieve the good performance of the polarization at same. The gain of proposed antenna exhibits maximum of 10dBi for h = 0 and u = 0 and it is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The antenna gain is very high because the antenna is fabricated in compatible material. 3.1. Gain and 3D View
0.5
Figure 1 Geometrical view of proposed antenna (all dimensions are in mm).
The gain of the proposed CPW fed spear shaped antenna is measured using radiation pattern measurement. It is observed from the graph, the gain of the antenna is almost constant
Please cite this article in press as: N. Sudhakar Reddy et al., Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021
Performance and design of spear shaped antenna
Figure 4
3
Return loss characteristics.
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 5
E-plane of proposed antenna.
throughout the resonant band frequency. It is also being noted that the gain energy value remains same. The 3D view of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 7. The green color field shows the maximum current distribution of the proposed antenna structure. 4. Conclusion A spear shaped CPW fed antenna was designed for UWB band applications and it exhibits high gain for the frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 10.8 GHz. Besides, size of antenna is kept small considering its use in wireless devices. This antenna thus
H-plane of proposed antenna.
Three dimensional view.
is a suitable for the application in the UWB band applications. Moreover, the proposed antenna can achieve 72% size reduction. By truncating diagonal corners, the polarization is also well implemented in different radical directions. References [1] Alexander Haas, Markus Peichl, A. Simon, Design of wide-band corrugated feed horn for reflector antenna in radar applications, in: 2016 German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), Bochum, 2016. [2] S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, Implantable CPW fed monopole H-slot antenna for 2.45 GHz ISM band applications, Int. J. Electron. Commun. 68 (7) (2014) 661–666, Elsevier Publications. [3] J. Fouany, M. Thevenot, E. Arnaud, F. Torres, T. Monediere, N. Adnet, R. Manrique, L. Duchesne, J.M. Baracco, Circurlaly
Please cite this article in press as: N. Sudhakar Reddy et al., Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021
4 polarized isoflux compact X band antenna for nano-satellites applications, in: Proceedings of the 12th European Radar Conference, Paris, 2015. [4] S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, Design and analysis of implantable CPW fed X-monopole antenna for ISM band applications, Telemed. e-Health 20 (3) (2014) 246–252, Mary Ann Liebert Inc, USA. [5] Azzeddin Naghar, Otman Aghzout, Ana Alejos, Manuel Sanchez, Azzeddin Naghar, Ultra Wideband and tri-band Antennas for satellite applications at C-, X-, and Ku bands, in: Proceedings of 2014 Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS2014), Marrakech, 2014. [6] H. Zahra 1, S. Rafique 2, Wei-Lun Fong 3, Feed analysis of tripatch multiband antenna for satellite communication, in: Proceedings of ISAP 2014, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Dec. 2–5, 2014.
N. Sudhakar Reddy et al. [7] S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, Design and development of implantable CPW fed monopole U slot antenna at 2.45 GHz ISM band for biomedical applications, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 57 (7) (2015), Wiley and Blackwell, US. [8] A. Alomainy, Y. Hao, C.G. Parini, P.S. Hall, Comparison between two different antennas for UWB on-body propagation measurements, IEEE Antennas Wire. Propag. Lett. 4 (2005) 31–34. [9] A. Sani, M. Rajab, R. Foster, Y. Hao, Antennas and propagation of implanted RFIDs for pervasive healthcare applications, Proc. IEEE 98 (9) (2010) 1648–1655. [10] S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, Analysis and design of implantable Z-monopole antennas at 2.45 GHz ISM band for biomedical applications, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 57 (2) (2015), Wiley and Blackwell, US.
Please cite this article in press as: N. Sudhakar Reddy et al., Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.021