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Performance Evaluation of Technological Innovation Mode on the Equipment Manufacturing Industry of Shanxi Province
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Procedia Engineering
Procedia Engineering 00 (2011) 000–000 Procedia Engineering 15 (2011) 4908 – 4911 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Advanced in Control Engineering and Information Science
Performance evaluation of technological innovation mode on the equipment manufacturing industry of Shanxi province Qiao Bina,Xiao-Liang Zhaob,Zi-Long Hua,b a* a
School of Management and Economics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan and 030024, P.R.China
b
School of Management and Economics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan and 030024, P.R.China
Abstract This paper firstly make analysis on the weights of influence factors that affect technological innovation mode of Shanxi equipment manufacturing enterprise through the analytic hierarchy process (ASP) and the entropy weight method. It can be seen from the evaluation results, the influence factors of equipment manufacturing enterprise are the level of technological innovation, market factors, the level of production elements and the efficiency of industrial organization. Secondly, I select Shanxi representative equipment manufacturing enterprises and use the method of fuzzy evaluation to make empirical analysis. The results show that the enterprise lies between "medium" and "good", and prefer to "medium". The evaluation result is in line with the actual situation.
© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [CEIS 2011] Key words: technology innovation, analytic hierarchy process, the entropy weight method, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
1. Main text Shanxi province is China's important energy base, after 50 years of development, Shanxi equipment manufacturing industry has formed its own technical innovation mode. Through study on first close literature, this paper proposes the influence factors of technological innovation mode that affect the * Qiao Bin. Tel.: 13191003310 E-mail address: [email protected].
1877-7058 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.914
4909
Qiao Bin et Bin/ al. / Procedia Procedia Engineering – 4911 Qiao Engineering 15 00 (2011) (2011) 4908 000–000
2
equipment manufacturing industry in Shanxi Province, using qualitative and quantitative methods to sort of influencing factors, and then select related enterprise, and make the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Nomenclature A
radius of Cluster and Technological Innovation
B
position of Professor
2. AHP is used to determine subjective weight, the entropy weight method objective weight Analytic hierarchy process is short for AHP, which is officially proposed in the 20th century 70's intermediate stages by American operations research home Thomas plug Wendy. This method is characteristic of on complicated decision problem of essence, influencing factors and internal relations based on the analysis of quantitative information, using the fewer the thinking process of make the decision, thus mathematical for many goals, structural characteristics of multi criteria or without complex decision-making problem provides easy decision method. The weights that the AHP method identifies mainly according to experts’ the practical experience, belong to subjective weight values, it doesn't take into the influences of weights that the date itself play in. According to the principle of information entropy, this can be used to measure the size of the information. The concept of entropy was first proposed by Clausius in 1864, which nowadays has been widely used in the information theory of thermodynamics, engineering technology, and social economic and other fields. Entropy is a kind of measure of uncertainty of the system states; it is a quantitative description of the economic system complexity, and it can try to eliminate the subjective factors weights to the evaluate results more actual. Because the entropy weight method in all evaluation dimensionless indexes is different, in order to make comparison, we firstly need to dimension the original data. And because this paper selects all the positive indexes, we choose the following fuzzy quantitative model:
xj max+ xj min π 1 1 Rj (x) = + sin[ (xj − )], xj min ≤ xj ≤ xj max 2 2 xj max− xj min 2 Here we assume
χ
ij
(1)
is the data after the dimensionless process, then adopts the following formula for
standardized treatment as follows:
y ij =
xij
(2)
m
∑x i =1
ij
This paper uses two methods of technology to make evaluation on the subjective weight and objective weight of related indexes of technological performance, the result is showed in table 1. 3. The synthesis weights determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight method
4910
3
To reflect the importance of evaluating indicator comprehensively, and to unify the subjective weight
1 1，
w
Qiao al. / Procedia Engineering 15 (2011) 4908 – 4911 Qiao Bin Bin/etProcedia Engineering 00 (2011) 000–000
w12 ， w31 ， w14 ， w51 given by experts and the policy-makers and objective weight w12 ， w22 ，
w32 ， w42 ， w52 , the target weight is finally determined as follows:
n
w*j = ( w1j + w 2j ) / 2 ， 0 ≤ w*j ≤ 1 and ∑ w*j = 1
(3)
j =1
4. The fuzzy and comprehensive appraisal on equipment manufacturing industry of China The fuzzy and comprehensive appraisal is one of the basic mathematical methods of fuzzy mathematic; this method describes the fuzzy boundary through Subordination angle. Because the complexities of appraisal factor, the hierarchy of appraisal object, the fuzziness of evaluation criteria, the fuzziness can’t be measured uniformly by classical mathematical model. So the fuzzy and comprehensive judgment method Established in fuzzy set foundation which can evaluate the Subordination rank condition from many targets. So that fuzzy and comprehensive judgment can combine the pacing factors and quota factors. It can expand information content, enabled the appraisal Accuracy several times to enhance, the appraisal conclusion is credible. We may obtain the comprehensive weight of influencing factor of our country's equipment manufacturing industry Table 1 Evaluating indicator
Subjective weight
Objective weight
Comprehensive weight
0.2966
0.0129
0.15475
The proportion of technical personnel in the labor force
0.1236
0.177303
0.1504515
Number of patent applications per capita
0.0644
0.124224
0.094312
Input in fixed assets
0.0683
0.026841
0.0475705
The per capita number of industrial equipment
0.0575
0.013908
0.035704
Employment
0.0246
0.094832
0.059716
Market factor
Sales margin
0.1269
0.137183
0.1320415
(0.328336)
Market share
0.132
0.138895
0.1354475
Exports Index
0.0348
0.086894
0.060847
Technological innovation level (0.399514) Element of production level (0.142991)
Industrial
Technological activity funds inputs
Equipment manufacturing output of the area
0.0161
0.100104
0.058102
Organization
Equipment manufacturing value added of the area
0.0349
0.077496
0.056198
efficiency
Equipment manufacturing output per capita of the area
0.0203
0.00942
0.01486
(0.12916)
According to relevant survey data and we invite 10 experts to rate. Rating grade 5, V= (Excellent, good, medium, qualified, unqualified), Thus, we can determine the degree of membership of each factor and establish evaluation matrix. The integrated fuzzy evaluation matrixes of three companies are calculated as follows: Northern Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Shanxi Fenglei:
B = W × R = (0.1，0.15475，0.15475，0.1，0.060847)
4911
Qiao Bin et Bin/ al. / Procedia Procedia Engineering Engineering 00 15 (2011) (2011) 000–000 4908 – 4911 Qiao
4
Make evaluations of the Northern Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Shanxi Fenlei using Fuzzy and comprehensive evaluation finally, the amount of which will be assigned the following rating scale:
V = {V1 ,V2 ,V3 ,V4 ,V5 } = {2，1，0，-1，-2} Note: v1 ：Excellent； v2 ：good； v3 ：medium； v4 ：qualified； v 5 ：unqualified
The fuzzy and comprehensive evaluation result of Northern Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Shanxi Fenglei:
G = B0V T =0.133056
5. Conclusion We can see from the above evaluation results, the evaluation results of Northern Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Shanxi Fenglei between "medium" and "good”, and Emphasis on "medium", The results of this evaluation is consistent with the actual situation. The problems of the enterprise exist in many large-scale equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shanxi Province. In the following points: ①Industries are not strong enough, lacking of large enterprises or enterprise groups, not form a group of leading enterprises to drive the industry development; ②While many companies have done a lot to enhance development and manufacturing capability of the products, but compared to developed areas and there are still weakness in technological innovation, they have fewer products which have independent intellectual property rights, high-tech brand names are not enough. ③Large enterprises and supporting SMES do not form an effective cluster, supporting small business is not enough fine, the low level of technical quality of products. In addition, we can see from the results of this evaluation, the factors which influence the technological innovation mode of Equipment manufacturing enterprises of Shanxi Province, The most significant are the level of technological innovation and market factors. Therefore, equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shanxi Province in the future business decisions should continue to optimize its capital structure, increase the efforts of research investment, and optimize its business portfolio on the basis, take a step forward to enhance corporate market share and corporate profits, enable enterprises to compete in the future in an invincible position. References: [1]Qiao Tiejun.Shanxi Development in the equipment manufacturing industry.Management And Development.2010 [2]Zhao Weiping.Making efforts to improve the capability of independent innovation，speed up the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry.Information Development and Economy.2007 [3]Yinrui.Supply Chain Network Supplier Evaluation and Selection of Materials Research.Master Thesis, Wuhan University of Technology.2009 [4] Xu Shubai.Principle of AHP.Tianjin University Press.1988 [5]Systems
Engineering
Society
of
China
AHP
group
of
Professional.Decision
Sciences
and
AHP.1992 [6]Zhan Xuegang,Lin hongfei,Yao Tianshun.The level of Chinese Literature Classification.Journal of Chinese information.1999 [7]Guo Yajun.Evaluation Theory, Methods and Applications .Science Press.2007
Procedia Engineering
Procedia Engineering 00 (2011) 000–000 Procedia Engineering 15 (2011) 4908 – 4911 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Advanced in Control Engineering and Information Science
Performance evaluation of technological innovation mode on the equipment manufacturing industry of Shanxi province Qiao Bina,Xiao-Liang Zhaob,Zi-Long Hua,b a* a
School of Management and Economics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan and 030024, P.R.China
b
School of Management and Economics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan and 030024, P.R.China
Abstract This paper firstly make analysis on the weights of influence factors that affect technological innovation mode of Shanxi equipment manufacturing enterprise through the analytic hierarchy process (ASP) and the entropy weight method. It can be seen from the evaluation results, the influence factors of equipment manufacturing enterprise are the level of technological innovation, market factors, the level of production elements and the efficiency of industrial organization. Secondly, I select Shanxi representative equipment manufacturing enterprises and use the method of fuzzy evaluation to make empirical analysis. The results show that the enterprise lies between "medium" and "good", and prefer to "medium". The evaluation result is in line with the actual situation.
© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [CEIS 2011] Key words: technology innovation, analytic hierarchy process, the entropy weight method, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
1. Main text Shanxi province is China's important energy base, after 50 years of development, Shanxi equipment manufacturing industry has formed its own technical innovation mode. Through study on first close literature, this paper proposes the influence factors of technological innovation mode that affect the * Qiao Bin. Tel.: 13191003310 E-mail address: [email protected].
1877-7058 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.914
4909
Qiao Bin et Bin/ al. / Procedia Procedia Engineering – 4911 Qiao Engineering 15 00 (2011) (2011) 4908 000–000
2
equipment manufacturing industry in Shanxi Province, using qualitative and quantitative methods to sort of influencing factors, and then select related enterprise, and make the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Nomenclature A
radius of Cluster and Technological Innovation
B
position of Professor
2. AHP is used to determine subjective weight, the entropy weight method objective weight Analytic hierarchy process is short for AHP, which is officially proposed in the 20th century 70's intermediate stages by American operations research home Thomas plug Wendy. This method is characteristic of on complicated decision problem of essence, influencing factors and internal relations based on the analysis of quantitative information, using the fewer the thinking process of make the decision, thus mathematical for many goals, structural characteristics of multi criteria or without complex decision-making problem provides easy decision method. The weights that the AHP method identifies mainly according to experts’ the practical experience, belong to subjective weight values, it doesn't take into the influences of weights that the date itself play in. According to the principle of information entropy, this can be used to measure the size of the information. The concept of entropy was first proposed by Clausius in 1864, which nowadays has been widely used in the information theory of thermodynamics, engineering technology, and social economic and other fields. Entropy is a kind of measure of uncertainty of the system states; it is a quantitative description of the economic system complexity, and it can try to eliminate the subjective factors weights to the evaluate results more actual. Because the entropy weight method in all evaluation dimensionless indexes is different, in order to make comparison, we firstly need to dimension the original data. And because this paper selects all the positive indexes, we choose the following fuzzy quantitative model:
xj max+ xj min π 1 1 Rj (x) = + sin[ (xj − )], xj min ≤ xj ≤ xj max 2 2 xj max− xj min 2 Here we assume
χ
ij
(1)
is the data after the dimensionless process, then adopts the following formula for
standardized treatment as follows:
y ij =
xij
(2)
m
∑x i =1
ij
This paper uses two methods of technology to make evaluation on the subjective weight and objective weight of related indexes of technological performance, the result is showed in table 1. 3. The synthesis weights determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight method
4910
3
To reflect the importance of evaluating indicator comprehensively, and to unify the subjective weight
1 1，
w
Qiao al. / Procedia Engineering 15 (2011) 4908 – 4911 Qiao Bin Bin/etProcedia Engineering 00 (2011) 000–000
w12 ， w31 ， w14 ， w51 given by experts and the policy-makers and objective weight w12 ， w22 ，
w32 ， w42 ， w52 , the target weight is finally determined as follows:
n
w*j = ( w1j + w 2j ) / 2 ， 0 ≤ w*j ≤ 1 and ∑ w*j = 1
(3)
j =1
4. The fuzzy and comprehensive appraisal on equipment manufacturing industry of China The fuzzy and comprehensive appraisal is one of the basic mathematical methods of fuzzy mathematic; this method describes the fuzzy boundary through Subordination angle. Because the complexities of appraisal factor, the hierarchy of appraisal object, the fuzziness of evaluation criteria, the fuzziness can’t be measured uniformly by classical mathematical model. So the fuzzy and comprehensive judgment method Established in fuzzy set foundation which can evaluate the Subordination rank condition from many targets. So that fuzzy and comprehensive judgment can combine the pacing factors and quota factors. It can expand information content, enabled the appraisal Accuracy several times to enhance, the appraisal conclusion is credible. We may obtain the comprehensive weight of influencing factor of our country's equipment manufacturing industry Table 1 Evaluating indicator
Subjective weight
Objective weight
Comprehensive weight
0.2966
0.0129
0.15475
The proportion of technical personnel in the labor force
0.1236
0.177303
0.1504515
Number of patent applications per capita
0.0644
0.124224
0.094312
Input in fixed assets
0.0683
0.026841
0.0475705
The per capita number of industrial equipment
0.0575
0.013908
0.035704
Employment
0.0246
0.094832
0.059716
Market factor
Sales margin
0.1269
0.137183
0.1320415
(0.328336)
Market share
0.132
0.138895
0.1354475
Exports Index
0.0348
0.086894
0.060847
Technological innovation level (0.399514) Element of production level (0.142991)
Industrial
Technological activity funds inputs
Equipment manufacturing output of the area
0.0161
0.100104
0.058102
Organization
Equipment manufacturing value added of the area
0.0349
0.077496
0.056198
efficiency
Equipment manufacturing output per capita of the area
0.0203
0.00942
0.01486
(0.12916)
According to relevant survey data and we invite 10 experts to rate. Rating grade 5, V= (Excellent, good, medium, qualified, unqualified), Thus, we can determine the degree of membership of each factor and establish evaluation matrix. The integrated fuzzy evaluation matrixes of three companies are calculated as follows: Northern Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Shanxi Fenglei:
B = W × R = (0.1，0.15475，0.15475，0.1，0.060847)
4911
Qiao Bin et Bin/ al. / Procedia Procedia Engineering Engineering 00 15 (2011) (2011) 000–000 4908 – 4911 Qiao
4
Make evaluations of the Northern Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Shanxi Fenlei using Fuzzy and comprehensive evaluation finally, the amount of which will be assigned the following rating scale:
V = {V1 ,V2 ,V3 ,V4 ,V5 } = {2，1，0，-1，-2} Note: v1 ：Excellent； v2 ：good； v3 ：medium； v4 ：qualified； v 5 ：unqualified
The fuzzy and comprehensive evaluation result of Northern Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Shanxi Fenglei:
G = B0V T =0.133056
5. Conclusion We can see from the above evaluation results, the evaluation results of Northern Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Shanxi Fenglei between "medium" and "good”, and Emphasis on "medium", The results of this evaluation is consistent with the actual situation. The problems of the enterprise exist in many large-scale equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shanxi Province. In the following points: ①Industries are not strong enough, lacking of large enterprises or enterprise groups, not form a group of leading enterprises to drive the industry development; ②While many companies have done a lot to enhance development and manufacturing capability of the products, but compared to developed areas and there are still weakness in technological innovation, they have fewer products which have independent intellectual property rights, high-tech brand names are not enough. ③Large enterprises and supporting SMES do not form an effective cluster, supporting small business is not enough fine, the low level of technical quality of products. In addition, we can see from the results of this evaluation, the factors which influence the technological innovation mode of Equipment manufacturing enterprises of Shanxi Province, The most significant are the level of technological innovation and market factors. Therefore, equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shanxi Province in the future business decisions should continue to optimize its capital structure, increase the efforts of research investment, and optimize its business portfolio on the basis, take a step forward to enhance corporate market share and corporate profits, enable enterprises to compete in the future in an invincible position. References: [1]Qiao Tiejun.Shanxi Development in the equipment manufacturing industry.Management And Development.2010 [2]Zhao Weiping.Making efforts to improve the capability of independent innovation，speed up the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry.Information Development and Economy.2007 [3]Yinrui.Supply Chain Network Supplier Evaluation and Selection of Materials Research.Master Thesis, Wuhan University of Technology.2009 [4] Xu Shubai.Principle of AHP.Tianjin University Press.1988 [5]Systems
Engineering
Society
of
China
AHP
group
of
Professional.Decision
Sciences
and
AHP.1992 [6]Zhan Xuegang,Lin hongfei,Yao Tianshun.The level of Chinese Literature Classification.Journal of Chinese information.1999 [7]Guo Yajun.Evaluation Theory, Methods and Applications .Science Press.2007