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Performance of concrete in marine environment, publication SP-65
Book Reviews
of a surprise, therefore, to realise that no monograph has so far been written on the techniques available to describe a crack and its development in quantitative terms. This is the gap that this book attempts to fill. The volume is a collection of some twenty papers, most of which were presented in a symposium at the University of Birmingham in 1979. The contents are classified into crack measurement by changes in compliance, potential difference (both a.c. and d.c. methods), acoustic emission and ultrasonic reflection. A further section deals with special applications although, in fact, only two specific topics are covered here; a number of other applications and examples accompany the descriptions of techniques given earlier, however. A brief resum6 which lays down guide-lines for the selection of a particular technique forms an appropriate conclusion. Inevitably, a compilation of this type must be something of a curates' egg - in this particular instance, however, there are few weaknesses and the overall standard of the contributions is high. The review papers which cover each of the major measurement techniques provide an excellent, detailed introduction for readers who may be unfamiliar with any particular aspect. These should form a useful reference for years to come and could justify, in themselves, the purchase of the book. Having made that statement, one would hesitate to recommend this text undeservedly as a primer in crack measurement. Most of the papers concentrate on cracks in laboratory specimens and the emphasis is biassed strongly towards fracture toughness rather than non-destructive testing, hence an appreciation of fracture mechanics concepts and tests is really desirable to derive most benefit from the contents. Little reference is made specifically to cracks in components and large structures. In a sense, too, the title is misleading in that the measurement of crack shape is rarely mentioned and fewer than half the papers refer (briefly) to the influence of crack shape on the accuracy of crack length measurement. A limitation for the civil engineer could be the fact that all the papers were written with metals in mind and half the book is, in fact, concerned with cracks measured by changes in electrical potential difference. However, the descriptions given of other methods, such as compliance changes, may be appropriate to the reader considering crack growth in concretes, for example. Turning our attention now to the presentation, it is obvious that a great deal of care has gone into.the editing, despite the fact that the book was available only months after the symposium was held. The editor and his panel are to be congratulated on producing a text, from a wide authorship, that has uniformity, continuity and clarity of presentation - - it can easily be read from cover to cover. The errors are few and generally:of a minor nature - - perhaps most surprising is that two papers do not inform the reader whether an a.c. or d.c. method of potential difference was used! In summary, this book provides a readable, factual, review
148
of the techniques available for the measurement of crack length, particularly inthe context of fracture toughness testing. Its bias towards metals should not deter the civil engineer who is interested in this relatively new aspect of materials properties and their evaluation. R. Brook
Performance of Concrete in Marine Environment. Publication SP-65 Published by the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150; Redford Station, Detroit, Michigan 48219, U.S.A., 1980
Library of Congress Cotalog Card N ~ r ~ ; $32.95, 1125.96to ACI m e ~ s ÷ p. & p., 627 pp,
Price
The worldwide shortage of energy has resulted in great advancements in offshore gas and oil exploration which in turn has generated a great deal of construction activity exposed to the rigours of marine environment and which demand durable concrete. The effects of sea water and its aggressive environment on concrete are areas of great concern to the construction industry and have inspired considerable research and development work in recent years. The sponsors of the Conference which has resulted in this excellent publication are therefore to be congratuulated on a timely publication of great value to the industry. The international conference on the performance of concrete rn marine applications was held at St. Andrews by-the-sea, New Brunswick, Canada in August 1980. Thirty-three papers arising from the conference are published in this symposium volume as Special Publication No. 65. All the papers have gone through the ACI review procedure and thus represent an authoritative review of the performance of concrete in marine environment. The scene for the book is set by the opening rewew paper on the durability of concrete in sea water. This is followed by papers on permeability and physico-chemical studies on cement ~)astes, mortar and concrete exposed to sea water. Five papers including tests on reinforced and prestressed concrete beams subjected to tidal cycles and cyclic freezing and thawing are the result of the durability studies being carried out by the Corps of Engineers at its Natural Weathering Exposure Station, Treat island, Maine. Corrosion of steel receives considerable attention in the vol Jme and a group of six papers deal with the mechanismsof corrosion, field test and performance of concrete subjected to steel corrosion. Other subjects discussed in the papers included in the book relate to accelerated testing to determine concrete's durability in marine environment, studies of case histories, repairs to concrete structures, the use of corrosion inhibitors, research and development needs for concrete materials in marine construction and the performance o1 lightweight concrete in sea water. There is a wealth of information and engineering data in this book on the effect of oceans and seas on the performance
Book Reviews
of concrete and concrete structures useful to all those involved in concrete in any form in a manne environment. R. N. Swamy
The Developing Success of GRC
Edited by Hayden Jeffery Published by the Glassfibre Reinforced Cement Association, Farthings End. Dukes Ride Gerrards Cross, Bucks SL9 7LD, England, 1980 ISBN 0 7210 1213 2, 121 pp. The growth of fibre concrete products, and particularly of glassfibre re nforced cement, has been phenomenal in the last decade, and the use ol fibres in cement and concrete has now estaolished tself as an essential element of the construction ~ndustry. Tt-is volume is the proceedings of the papers presented at the international congress on Glassfibre Reinforced Cement. the third in the series, held in London ~n October 1979 Like the previous congresses, the papers included ~n the proceedings embrace both technical and commercial aspects of GRC, perhaps the latter playing a more predomnnant role in this publication. The papers in this volume are divided into four themes with discussions in the various sessions of the congress included in each theme The first six papers are related to the 'decision making' on the use of GRC and deal with the manufacture of GRC, standards and specifications, and fibrocem blockmix. The second theme 'implementing the decision' contains papers on the technology of GRC. Papers under this theme deal with design, performance and quality control of GRC, temperature stresses in GRC panels, developments in cement matrices and testing methods, accelerated strength development and the use of E-glass in polymer modified matrices. Manufacture and installation feature in the third theme of the congress and papers in this category discuss the techniques of mass production of GRC products such as sheets, insulating panels, wall panels and other building components. The use of GRC ~n mining and underground applications is also reported. The last four papers in the volume discuss the future of the GRC industry, an appropriate theme
for the conclusion of a congress and to the rapid progress of GRC in the construction industry. Although papers relating to the technological aspects of GRC take a secondary role in this volume, the proceedings as a whole present a comprehensive picture of current GRC technology, and the future developments that are likely to take place. R N. Swamy
Marine Applications of Ferrocement Published by the International Ferrocement Information Centre, Asian Institute ofTechnoloqy, P (-) Box 2754, Bangkok, Thailand, 1980 This is a special issue of the Journal of ~errocement (Vol. 10, No. 3, July 1980) devoted to marnne applications of ferrocement. The Journal, published quarterly, is the main means of communication of the International Ferrocement Information Centre founded in 1976 at the Asian Institute of Technology. The Centre serves as a clearing house for information on ferrocement and related materials, and this special publication is another in the series aimed to accelerate transfer of ferrocement technology. The special issue consists of six papers, one devoted to research and development, and five to applications and techniques. The subjects dealt with in the papers include the study of the influence of skeletal steel on flexural behaviour, on improved methods of construction and on innovative approaches to ferrocement construction such as the use of lightweight aggregates, composite ferrocement - - fibreglass, fibrous ferrocement and skeletal-free ferrocement. The potentialities of ferrocement in marine applications are not always fully appreciated in countries with advanced technologies, and this special issue highlights the current developments taking place in ferrocement technology. In this context, the papers in this volume are relevant to those on ferrocement presented at the Concrete Ships and Floating Structures Convention held in Rotterdam in November 1979 (see IJCC Vol. 2, No. 1, Feb. 1980, pp. 55-6). R. N. Swamy
1 49
of a surprise, therefore, to realise that no monograph has so far been written on the techniques available to describe a crack and its development in quantitative terms. This is the gap that this book attempts to fill. The volume is a collection of some twenty papers, most of which were presented in a symposium at the University of Birmingham in 1979. The contents are classified into crack measurement by changes in compliance, potential difference (both a.c. and d.c. methods), acoustic emission and ultrasonic reflection. A further section deals with special applications although, in fact, only two specific topics are covered here; a number of other applications and examples accompany the descriptions of techniques given earlier, however. A brief resum6 which lays down guide-lines for the selection of a particular technique forms an appropriate conclusion. Inevitably, a compilation of this type must be something of a curates' egg - in this particular instance, however, there are few weaknesses and the overall standard of the contributions is high. The review papers which cover each of the major measurement techniques provide an excellent, detailed introduction for readers who may be unfamiliar with any particular aspect. These should form a useful reference for years to come and could justify, in themselves, the purchase of the book. Having made that statement, one would hesitate to recommend this text undeservedly as a primer in crack measurement. Most of the papers concentrate on cracks in laboratory specimens and the emphasis is biassed strongly towards fracture toughness rather than non-destructive testing, hence an appreciation of fracture mechanics concepts and tests is really desirable to derive most benefit from the contents. Little reference is made specifically to cracks in components and large structures. In a sense, too, the title is misleading in that the measurement of crack shape is rarely mentioned and fewer than half the papers refer (briefly) to the influence of crack shape on the accuracy of crack length measurement. A limitation for the civil engineer could be the fact that all the papers were written with metals in mind and half the book is, in fact, concerned with cracks measured by changes in electrical potential difference. However, the descriptions given of other methods, such as compliance changes, may be appropriate to the reader considering crack growth in concretes, for example. Turning our attention now to the presentation, it is obvious that a great deal of care has gone into.the editing, despite the fact that the book was available only months after the symposium was held. The editor and his panel are to be congratulated on producing a text, from a wide authorship, that has uniformity, continuity and clarity of presentation - - it can easily be read from cover to cover. The errors are few and generally:of a minor nature - - perhaps most surprising is that two papers do not inform the reader whether an a.c. or d.c. method of potential difference was used! In summary, this book provides a readable, factual, review
148
of the techniques available for the measurement of crack length, particularly inthe context of fracture toughness testing. Its bias towards metals should not deter the civil engineer who is interested in this relatively new aspect of materials properties and their evaluation. R. Brook
Performance of Concrete in Marine Environment. Publication SP-65 Published by the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150; Redford Station, Detroit, Michigan 48219, U.S.A., 1980
Library of Congress Cotalog Card N ~ r ~ ; $32.95, 1125.96to ACI m e ~ s ÷ p. & p., 627 pp,
Price
The worldwide shortage of energy has resulted in great advancements in offshore gas and oil exploration which in turn has generated a great deal of construction activity exposed to the rigours of marine environment and which demand durable concrete. The effects of sea water and its aggressive environment on concrete are areas of great concern to the construction industry and have inspired considerable research and development work in recent years. The sponsors of the Conference which has resulted in this excellent publication are therefore to be congratuulated on a timely publication of great value to the industry. The international conference on the performance of concrete rn marine applications was held at St. Andrews by-the-sea, New Brunswick, Canada in August 1980. Thirty-three papers arising from the conference are published in this symposium volume as Special Publication No. 65. All the papers have gone through the ACI review procedure and thus represent an authoritative review of the performance of concrete in marine environment. The scene for the book is set by the opening rewew paper on the durability of concrete in sea water. This is followed by papers on permeability and physico-chemical studies on cement ~)astes, mortar and concrete exposed to sea water. Five papers including tests on reinforced and prestressed concrete beams subjected to tidal cycles and cyclic freezing and thawing are the result of the durability studies being carried out by the Corps of Engineers at its Natural Weathering Exposure Station, Treat island, Maine. Corrosion of steel receives considerable attention in the vol Jme and a group of six papers deal with the mechanismsof corrosion, field test and performance of concrete subjected to steel corrosion. Other subjects discussed in the papers included in the book relate to accelerated testing to determine concrete's durability in marine environment, studies of case histories, repairs to concrete structures, the use of corrosion inhibitors, research and development needs for concrete materials in marine construction and the performance o1 lightweight concrete in sea water. There is a wealth of information and engineering data in this book on the effect of oceans and seas on the performance
Book Reviews
of concrete and concrete structures useful to all those involved in concrete in any form in a manne environment. R. N. Swamy
The Developing Success of GRC
Edited by Hayden Jeffery Published by the Glassfibre Reinforced Cement Association, Farthings End. Dukes Ride Gerrards Cross, Bucks SL9 7LD, England, 1980 ISBN 0 7210 1213 2, 121 pp. The growth of fibre concrete products, and particularly of glassfibre re nforced cement, has been phenomenal in the last decade, and the use ol fibres in cement and concrete has now estaolished tself as an essential element of the construction ~ndustry. Tt-is volume is the proceedings of the papers presented at the international congress on Glassfibre Reinforced Cement. the third in the series, held in London ~n October 1979 Like the previous congresses, the papers included ~n the proceedings embrace both technical and commercial aspects of GRC, perhaps the latter playing a more predomnnant role in this publication. The papers in this volume are divided into four themes with discussions in the various sessions of the congress included in each theme The first six papers are related to the 'decision making' on the use of GRC and deal with the manufacture of GRC, standards and specifications, and fibrocem blockmix. The second theme 'implementing the decision' contains papers on the technology of GRC. Papers under this theme deal with design, performance and quality control of GRC, temperature stresses in GRC panels, developments in cement matrices and testing methods, accelerated strength development and the use of E-glass in polymer modified matrices. Manufacture and installation feature in the third theme of the congress and papers in this category discuss the techniques of mass production of GRC products such as sheets, insulating panels, wall panels and other building components. The use of GRC ~n mining and underground applications is also reported. The last four papers in the volume discuss the future of the GRC industry, an appropriate theme
for the conclusion of a congress and to the rapid progress of GRC in the construction industry. Although papers relating to the technological aspects of GRC take a secondary role in this volume, the proceedings as a whole present a comprehensive picture of current GRC technology, and the future developments that are likely to take place. R N. Swamy
Marine Applications of Ferrocement Published by the International Ferrocement Information Centre, Asian Institute ofTechnoloqy, P (-) Box 2754, Bangkok, Thailand, 1980 This is a special issue of the Journal of ~errocement (Vol. 10, No. 3, July 1980) devoted to marnne applications of ferrocement. The Journal, published quarterly, is the main means of communication of the International Ferrocement Information Centre founded in 1976 at the Asian Institute of Technology. The Centre serves as a clearing house for information on ferrocement and related materials, and this special publication is another in the series aimed to accelerate transfer of ferrocement technology. The special issue consists of six papers, one devoted to research and development, and five to applications and techniques. The subjects dealt with in the papers include the study of the influence of skeletal steel on flexural behaviour, on improved methods of construction and on innovative approaches to ferrocement construction such as the use of lightweight aggregates, composite ferrocement - - fibreglass, fibrous ferrocement and skeletal-free ferrocement. The potentialities of ferrocement in marine applications are not always fully appreciated in countries with advanced technologies, and this special issue highlights the current developments taking place in ferrocement technology. In this context, the papers in this volume are relevant to those on ferrocement presented at the Concrete Ships and Floating Structures Convention held in Rotterdam in November 1979 (see IJCC Vol. 2, No. 1, Feb. 1980, pp. 55-6). R. N. Swamy
1 49