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Personal and behavioural correlates of physical activity in individuals with high risk of developing diabetes mellitus
WCPT Congress 2015 / Physiotherapy 2015; Volume 101, Supplement 1 eS833–eS1237
Research Report Platform Presentation Number: RR-PL-1526 Saturday 2 May 2015 08:41 Room 300–301 PERSONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL CORRELATES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGH RISK OF DEVELOPING DIABETES MELLITUS C. Shields, D. Baxter, R. Mani University of Otago, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand Background: Pre-diabetes is a high risk state for the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a global burden on individuals, health care and social systems. Adopting optimal levels of physical activity is a key healthy behaviour that has been extensively studied for reducing the incidence of DM. However, a range of personal and behavioural factors can mediate adoption of healthy behaviours such as commencement or maintenance of physical activity regimen. The relationship of these factors with physical activity levels has not been investigated in individuals who are at risk of developing DM. Therefore, a clear understanding of such relationships can help address these factors for inducing healthy behavioural change. Purpose: To evaluate the relationships between subjective (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels) and objective (step counts) measures of physical activity and personal (self-perceived physical and mental health and psychological flexibility) and behavioural factors (self-efficacy and stages of change) in a cohort of adults at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Twenty six adults with risk of developing type-2 DM, identified using risk assessment tool (Diabetic Auckland) volunteered to take part in the study. Participants’ demographics and anthropometrics were recorded. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) and ambulatory levels (step counts) over 7 days were quantified using the New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form and pedometers (Yamax DigiWalker SW-200) respectively. Self-reported measures of exercise self-efficacy and stages of change, and psychological flexibility (Acceptance Action Questionnaire-II) and physical and mental health component scores (PCS and MCS) [Health related quality of life- Short form- v36; Quality MetricTM ] were collected. Metabolic equivalent (MET)minutes/week was computed from MVPA data, and then classified participants’ physical activity levels as ‘low’, ‘moderate’ and ‘high’. Average 7-day step counts were computed and classified as ‘sedentary’, ‘low active’, ‘somewhat active’, ‘active’, and ‘highly active. Bivariate linear regression analysis (p ≤ 0.20) and Pearson’s correlation (p ≤ 0.05) were conducted to evaluate for associations and correlations
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between measures of physical activity levels and personal and behavioural factors. Results: Participants’ mean (SD) age, weight and BMI were 41.4(13.2)years, 71.4(17.5)kg, and 26.39(8.41)kg/m2 respectively. Fifty four percentage of the participants were classified as “low” active, however based on average daily step count, only 32% were “low active”. Mean (SD) scores of exercise self-efficacy, psychological flexibility, PCS, and MCS were 3.37(0.94), 47.89(6.16), 51.41(11.90), and 49.18(8.97) respectively. Fifty percent of participants were in the maintenance stage of exercise change. Of all factors, only MCS demonstrated a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.41; p = 0.043) with total MET minutes/week and explained a 17% of total variance [R2 = 0.17; β (95%CI) = 55.68 (2.04, 109.33)] of total MET minutes/week. Conclusion(s): This preliminary investigation indicates that self-perceived mental health is a key factor that positively determines physical activity levels in a small cohort of adults with diabetic risk. However, further research targeted with a larger sample size can confirm and generalise the study findings. Implications: The study findings indicates the need for assessing the self-perceived mental health in individuals with diabetic risk, and incorporate strategies that enhances mental health that can mediate to maintain a regular physical activity program. Keywords: Physical activity; Prediabetes; Correlates Funding acknowledgements: Division of Health Sciences – Summer Scholarship was awarded to Mr. Caden Shields, Physiotherapy Student, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago. Ethics approval: The University of Otago Human Research Ethics Committee. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1797 Research Report Poster Presentation Number: RR-PO-09-20-Mon Monday 4 May 2015 13:00 Exhibit halls 401–403 FACTORS INFLUENCING TACTILE SPATIAL ACUITY OF KNEE REGIONS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS C. Falling, C. Chapple, R. Mani University of Otago, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand Background: Tactile Spatial Acuity (TSA) has been considered as a clinical signature of somatosensory cortical representation. Two-point discrimination threshold (TPDT) is commonly used to measure TSA of a body region. Increased TPDT has been demonstrated in chronic regional musculoskeletal conditions such as chronic knee pain com-
Research Report Platform Presentation Number: RR-PL-1526 Saturday 2 May 2015 08:41 Room 300–301 PERSONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL CORRELATES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGH RISK OF DEVELOPING DIABETES MELLITUS C. Shields, D. Baxter, R. Mani University of Otago, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand Background: Pre-diabetes is a high risk state for the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a global burden on individuals, health care and social systems. Adopting optimal levels of physical activity is a key healthy behaviour that has been extensively studied for reducing the incidence of DM. However, a range of personal and behavioural factors can mediate adoption of healthy behaviours such as commencement or maintenance of physical activity regimen. The relationship of these factors with physical activity levels has not been investigated in individuals who are at risk of developing DM. Therefore, a clear understanding of such relationships can help address these factors for inducing healthy behavioural change. Purpose: To evaluate the relationships between subjective (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels) and objective (step counts) measures of physical activity and personal (self-perceived physical and mental health and psychological flexibility) and behavioural factors (self-efficacy and stages of change) in a cohort of adults at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Twenty six adults with risk of developing type-2 DM, identified using risk assessment tool (Diabetic Auckland) volunteered to take part in the study. Participants’ demographics and anthropometrics were recorded. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) and ambulatory levels (step counts) over 7 days were quantified using the New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form and pedometers (Yamax DigiWalker SW-200) respectively. Self-reported measures of exercise self-efficacy and stages of change, and psychological flexibility (Acceptance Action Questionnaire-II) and physical and mental health component scores (PCS and MCS) [Health related quality of life- Short form- v36; Quality MetricTM ] were collected. Metabolic equivalent (MET)minutes/week was computed from MVPA data, and then classified participants’ physical activity levels as ‘low’, ‘moderate’ and ‘high’. Average 7-day step counts were computed and classified as ‘sedentary’, ‘low active’, ‘somewhat active’, ‘active’, and ‘highly active. Bivariate linear regression analysis (p ≤ 0.20) and Pearson’s correlation (p ≤ 0.05) were conducted to evaluate for associations and correlations
eS947
between measures of physical activity levels and personal and behavioural factors. Results: Participants’ mean (SD) age, weight and BMI were 41.4(13.2)years, 71.4(17.5)kg, and 26.39(8.41)kg/m2 respectively. Fifty four percentage of the participants were classified as “low” active, however based on average daily step count, only 32% were “low active”. Mean (SD) scores of exercise self-efficacy, psychological flexibility, PCS, and MCS were 3.37(0.94), 47.89(6.16), 51.41(11.90), and 49.18(8.97) respectively. Fifty percent of participants were in the maintenance stage of exercise change. Of all factors, only MCS demonstrated a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.41; p = 0.043) with total MET minutes/week and explained a 17% of total variance [R2 = 0.17; β (95%CI) = 55.68 (2.04, 109.33)] of total MET minutes/week. Conclusion(s): This preliminary investigation indicates that self-perceived mental health is a key factor that positively determines physical activity levels in a small cohort of adults with diabetic risk. However, further research targeted with a larger sample size can confirm and generalise the study findings. Implications: The study findings indicates the need for assessing the self-perceived mental health in individuals with diabetic risk, and incorporate strategies that enhances mental health that can mediate to maintain a regular physical activity program. Keywords: Physical activity; Prediabetes; Correlates Funding acknowledgements: Division of Health Sciences – Summer Scholarship was awarded to Mr. Caden Shields, Physiotherapy Student, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago. Ethics approval: The University of Otago Human Research Ethics Committee. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1797 Research Report Poster Presentation Number: RR-PO-09-20-Mon Monday 4 May 2015 13:00 Exhibit halls 401–403 FACTORS INFLUENCING TACTILE SPATIAL ACUITY OF KNEE REGIONS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS C. Falling, C. Chapple, R. Mani University of Otago, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand Background: Tactile Spatial Acuity (TSA) has been considered as a clinical signature of somatosensory cortical representation. Two-point discrimination threshold (TPDT) is commonly used to measure TSA of a body region. Increased TPDT has been demonstrated in chronic regional musculoskeletal conditions such as chronic knee pain com-