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Personality and psychopathology
MO'FIVATION HUMAINE
371
achieve mature dependent security in mutually satisfying social relationship with his contemporaries. By obs¢:rving an individual in actign in his work, play, his family relations, and offset social relations it is possible to estimate the degree to which he is secure in each life area. Research related to this theory to be reported includes: 1) The d:v©lopment of an infant ~:¢a!e to assess mental health during the first two years; 2) The mental health assessment of pre-school children; 3) A prQiective story test of security ibr school age children; 4) Studies on the growth of individual sociometric patterns over a longitudinal period; 5) A Ion:#tudinal study of personality development in ten children from nursery school age to adulthood, and 6) a scale for the measurement of security in the adult. The application of the security theory and the research results will be illustrated by reference to a parent education programme, developmental guidance and school procedures.
PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY BY JOSEPH ZUBIN, E. I. BURDOCK and SAMUELSUTTON
(Biometrics Research, New York State Department of Mentai i-l],giene) and
(Columbia University, New York) Three possible relations are postulated between personality and psychopathology: 1) identity 2) interaction or 3) independence At the present time the evidence is not heavily weighted for any one of these three possibilities and hence, the third, or null-hypothesis, will be tentatively adopted. It becomes necessary to devise methods for assaying the personality of the patient: I. premorbidly, 2. at time of inception of illness and 3. during the '.,arious stages of his illness and recovery, if he improves. The purpose of tl is paper is to present a systematic approach to the measurement of the physiological, sensory, perceptual, psychomotor and conceptual aspects cf
372
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14
patient b~:havior and of his affectiw, and motivational state. The methods of eliciting these levels of behavior, i.e. the stimulus domain, may be classified into energy variables and signal variables, while the organism, when these stimuli are applied, may be either in an "idling" state or under some load. This system cart be represented in a 6 × 6 table with 36 rubrics, each of ¢:hich desigaates a type of stimulus situation and a type of response. A review of the literature has indicated that some of these r~brics yield measures that are either diagnostic of psychopathology or plognostie of outcome of illness. These results are presented and discussed in the light of the relati,3nship between personality and psychopathology.
UNE l~TUDE PSYCHOSOMATIQUE DE LA PERSONNALITI~ HUMAINE PAR
JOHN ELM~'N (Universit~ de G/Jt~borg, Suede) L'auteur a entrepfis une recherche sur 104 femmes de l'6cole normale pr~-scolaire/L G6tenborg avec un certain nombre de tests projectifs: 1) TAT 2) Le test d'anneau de Lindberg 3) Le text-test de Lindberg 4) FPT 5) Wartegg 6~ Rorschach 7) Le test projectif d'Elmgren. T~'~ls l,.~s sujets ont 6t6 constitutionnellement d6termin~ ~ l'aide des m6thodes anthropom6triques de Lindegard et de HjortsjiS. 74 sujets ont aussi 6t6 ,:onstitutionnelleraent ddtermin6s par l'index de Str~mgren. 50 des sujets ont ~t6 soumis au test projectif de Zulliger; 55 ont far leur autoestimation par l'inver,taire de personnalit6 de Guilford-Thurstone, dans une version 16g~rement modifi6e, et ont ensure, eux-memes, 6t6 estim6s scion t,~ m~'me m6thode par d'autres membres du groupe 6tudi6. Le test d'anneau de Lindberg est construit pour la d6termination de l'attitude chromatique et non-chromatique cbez l'enfant et l'adulte (B. J. Lindberg, Experimental St~tdies of Colour and Noncolour attitude in schoolchildren a,~l adults. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen 1938, pp. 44--46).
371
achieve mature dependent security in mutually satisfying social relationship with his contemporaries. By obs¢:rving an individual in actign in his work, play, his family relations, and offset social relations it is possible to estimate the degree to which he is secure in each life area. Research related to this theory to be reported includes: 1) The d:v©lopment of an infant ~:¢a!e to assess mental health during the first two years; 2) The mental health assessment of pre-school children; 3) A prQiective story test of security ibr school age children; 4) Studies on the growth of individual sociometric patterns over a longitudinal period; 5) A Ion:#tudinal study of personality development in ten children from nursery school age to adulthood, and 6) a scale for the measurement of security in the adult. The application of the security theory and the research results will be illustrated by reference to a parent education programme, developmental guidance and school procedures.
PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY BY JOSEPH ZUBIN, E. I. BURDOCK and SAMUELSUTTON
(Biometrics Research, New York State Department of Mentai i-l],giene) and
(Columbia University, New York) Three possible relations are postulated between personality and psychopathology: 1) identity 2) interaction or 3) independence At the present time the evidence is not heavily weighted for any one of these three possibilities and hence, the third, or null-hypothesis, will be tentatively adopted. It becomes necessary to devise methods for assaying the personality of the patient: I. premorbidly, 2. at time of inception of illness and 3. during the '.,arious stages of his illness and recovery, if he improves. The purpose of tl is paper is to present a systematic approach to the measurement of the physiological, sensory, perceptual, psychomotor and conceptual aspects cf
372
~
14
patient b~:havior and of his affectiw, and motivational state. The methods of eliciting these levels of behavior, i.e. the stimulus domain, may be classified into energy variables and signal variables, while the organism, when these stimuli are applied, may be either in an "idling" state or under some load. This system cart be represented in a 6 × 6 table with 36 rubrics, each of ¢:hich desigaates a type of stimulus situation and a type of response. A review of the literature has indicated that some of these r~brics yield measures that are either diagnostic of psychopathology or plognostie of outcome of illness. These results are presented and discussed in the light of the relati,3nship between personality and psychopathology.
UNE l~TUDE PSYCHOSOMATIQUE DE LA PERSONNALITI~ HUMAINE PAR
JOHN ELM~'N (Universit~ de G/Jt~borg, Suede) L'auteur a entrepfis une recherche sur 104 femmes de l'6cole normale pr~-scolaire/L G6tenborg avec un certain nombre de tests projectifs: 1) TAT 2) Le test d'anneau de Lindberg 3) Le text-test de Lindberg 4) FPT 5) Wartegg 6~ Rorschach 7) Le test projectif d'Elmgren. T~'~ls l,.~s sujets ont 6t6 constitutionnellement d6termin~ ~ l'aide des m6thodes anthropom6triques de Lindegard et de HjortsjiS. 74 sujets ont aussi 6t6 ,:onstitutionnelleraent ddtermin6s par l'index de Str~mgren. 50 des sujets ont ~t6 soumis au test projectif de Zulliger; 55 ont far leur autoestimation par l'inver,taire de personnalit6 de Guilford-Thurstone, dans une version 16g~rement modifi6e, et ont ensure, eux-memes, 6t6 estim6s scion t,~ m~'me m6thode par d'autres membres du groupe 6tudi6. Le test d'anneau de Lindberg est construit pour la d6termination de l'attitude chromatique et non-chromatique cbez l'enfant et l'adulte (B. J. Lindberg, Experimental St~tdies of Colour and Noncolour attitude in schoolchildren a,~l adults. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen 1938, pp. 44--46).