- Email: [email protected]
Personality characteristics, coping, and mood in young men with physically active or sedentary lifestyles
Poster session IV
190-11 0
I using Soclodemographlc studies of atypical psychosis ICD-10 criteria
N. Holla. T. Hayashi, H. Suga, T. Andoh, M. Ohara. Dept of Neuropsychiatry, Aichl Medical University. Nagakute. Alchl. Japan In order to reconsider atypical psychosis (Mitsuda). we Investigated 351 patients with psychotic symptoms. who were admitted to tha psychiatric ward of Aichl Medical University Hospital from 1982 to 1991. These patients were diagnosed by the criteria of Mitsuda and IC0-10 respectively, and the clinical features, family history and precipitating factors were examined. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Atypical psychosis Is mainly composed of acute transient psychotic disorder (F23) and schizoaffectiva psychosis (F25). and moraover, includes the protracted acute psychosis. These protracted cases were diagnosed as schizophrenia by ICo.1 O. 2) Schneider's first-rank symptoms are frequenUy found not only In schizophrenics but in atypical psychotiCS. 3) Atypical psychosis patients have more first-degree relatives with psychiatric disorders and have more !requentiy precipitating factors than schizophrenics. 4) On the subdivisions of atypical psychosis. patients with acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with symptoms of schizophrenia (F23.1) have more family history and fewer precipitating factors than tha other acute psychotics. On the contrary, acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder (F23.2) patients have less family history and more frequently precip• itating factors than the other acute psychoses patients and schizophrenics. therefore. these two sUbtypas of atypical psychosis seem to have contrasting
positions.
~0-111]
Attentlonal disorders In major depressive disorder: Result of a comparative study using computerized tests
J.G. Rohmer, B. Kastler. M. Patris. Department of Psychiatry Unit 2, C.H.R.U. 67091 StTasbourg, France It is generally admitted that patients suffering from major depression present variOUs degree of attention disorders. computerized tests. elaborated In our unit are aimed to evaluate quan• titatively various attention modalities (attention centered of one sensorial modality divided attention. selective attention and attention disturbance induced by various perturbers. In this studY, we tried to determine the attentional disorders In patients (15 cases) fulfilling the DSM III-R criteria for major depressive disorder compared to normal subjects matched for age, sex, study level. The first part of this studY consisted in testing the drug free patients recognized as depressed (MARS score >25). Secondly, these subjects were evaluated agaln one month later under antidepressive treatment and after clinical recovery. our data showed globally low levels of the scores obtained by the depressed patient before treatment in all the tests. The mean reaction time were particulariy increased but the number of errors observed were similar to thOse of the healthy volunteers. These results can be explained as an adaPlStive cognitive strategy used by the patients In order to avold errors. In the second part of the experiment the recove~ patl~ts have globally Increased their performance. However some ettenlionaJ disorders seem to remain: the patients are still disturbed by aleatory stimuli and desynchronlzed Informations even with a good clinical recovery (Mean Madrs score <5 and feeling by the patient of being well not depressed). From this we conclude that our tests are sensitive and that standardized data collection allow studies of the cognitive tasks without bias due to non standardized stimuli. The results obtained by the depressed patient still showed some deficits Indicatlng a potential subclinical altentional vulnerability. If we compare these results to our studies concemlng schizophrenic patients we can emphasize that tha attentional disorders between this two pathOlogies have rather different profiles.
[[0-11 ~
seasonal Affective Disorder Is common In Finland
S saarijArvl. H. Lauerma, H. Helenlus, S. Saarilehto. Department of P~ychi8try, Turku University Central Hospital. Turku. Finland The aim of our study was to find out the prevalence of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal SAD (S-SAD) In south-west (latitude <60 and north Finland (latitude >66 N. above arctic circle). N) ethOdS: We used a Finnish version of the Seasonal Pattem Assess• M t Questionnaire (SPAQ). The survey Included 3000 Finnish Inhabitants ~1500. age of 18-64 years) rendomly selected from a population reg-
BIOL. PSYCHIATRY 1997;42:1S-297S
2555
Ister. The SPAQ was mailed in December 1995. and one follow-up SPAQ was sent after one month. The response rate was 60%. Results: 1710 SPACs were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects was 41 years, 47% were men and 53% women. The prevalences of SAD and S-SAD were estimated at 12% and 27% respectively. SAD and/or S-SAD 'caseness' was significanUy associated with female gender. younger age. higher Body Mass Index, higher education and with a shorter living period In a given area. The samish people experienced less seasonal variation than the Finnish people in north. Conclusion: SAD and S-SAD are very common in Finland. Experience of seasonal variation of mood seems to depend on both environmental and genetic adaptation to extemal circumstances.
190-1131
The combined efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy In primary dysthymia
A.V. Ravindran, J. Telner, R. Bialik, V. Charbonneau, J. Ellis, A. Wiens, J. Griffiths, M. zaharia, C. Waddell. Z. Merall. H. Anisrnan, V.D. Lapierre.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa. Ottawa. Ontario. Canada
Few studies have examined the combined efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy In dysthymia DSM III·R primary dysthymia (n OK SO) and no other comorbidity were studied. They received either sertraline (n .. 25) or placebo (n .25) In a double-blind design for a 12-week period. During this time they also received structured. once a week, group cognitive behavioural therapy (in groups of ten). The assessment Instruments included the HAM-D, MADRS, HAM-A, as well as scales measuring perceived stressors, strategies of coping, and quality of life. Both groups showed significant Improvement after treatment on several measures Including HAM-D (p < 0.01). However. at the end of 12 weeks the combined sertraline and cognitive therapy group had significantly lower 17-item HAM-D (p = 0.05), 20 • 9-item HAM-D (p • 0.21), MADRS (p :0 0.23), and HAM-A (p :0 0.001) compared to the placebo and cognitive therapy. Although cognitive therapy Is Ukely useful in of dysthymia, Its combination with pharmacotherapy appears to be significanUy superior.
190-1141
Personality characteristics, coping, and mood In young men with physically active or sedentary lifestyles M. Sallo 1, H. Rirnm 2, J. Harre" K. Karalson s. A.-M. Viru S. 1 Department of Public Health. University of Tartu. OlikooJi 18, EE-24OO Tartu. Estonia, of Psychology. University of Tartu, Olikooli 18. EE-24OO Tartu. Estonia. sDepartment of Sports Biology. University of Tartu. OJikooli 18. EE-2400 Tartu. Estonia
2 Department
The National Institute of Mental Health consensus statements suggest that exercise can be a valuable therapeutic Intervention In reducing state anxiety, mild to moderate depression. traits as neuroticism and anxiety, and the reactivity to psychosocial stress. The purpose of this investigation was to assess tha association of physical activity and fitness In healthy persons to their state of the mood and personality characteristics. Methods: A group of 84 paid volunteers (all males, age 18-26 years, recruited by adVertisement) Including Individuals with minimal, moderate or vigorous habltual physical activity. particlpated In this study. Physical activity was assessed by means of structured questionnaires, and maximal oxygen uptake was measured by bicycle ergometer test with incremental load increase. Subjects were tested for personality structure and mood state and trait using the approbated Estonian versions of several broadly used questionnaires. Blood samples obtained before and after ergometer test are currently analysed for monoamine concentrations. Relults: Analysis of variance revealed aslgnifteant differenca In perceived seIf-efficacy as measured by Schwartzer's scale between groups with differ• ent levels 01 engagement in sports. The scores of Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory correlated negatively with the self• -reported habitual physical actiVity. The results of this Investigation suggest that even among young healthy men, high level of habitual physical activity Is associated with perceived active coping strategy, and that good physical fitness Is associated with lower scores 01 indices of depression.
190-11 0
I using Soclodemographlc studies of atypical psychosis ICD-10 criteria
N. Holla. T. Hayashi, H. Suga, T. Andoh, M. Ohara. Dept of Neuropsychiatry, Aichl Medical University. Nagakute. Alchl. Japan In order to reconsider atypical psychosis (Mitsuda). we Investigated 351 patients with psychotic symptoms. who were admitted to tha psychiatric ward of Aichl Medical University Hospital from 1982 to 1991. These patients were diagnosed by the criteria of Mitsuda and IC0-10 respectively, and the clinical features, family history and precipitating factors were examined. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Atypical psychosis Is mainly composed of acute transient psychotic disorder (F23) and schizoaffectiva psychosis (F25). and moraover, includes the protracted acute psychosis. These protracted cases were diagnosed as schizophrenia by ICo.1 O. 2) Schneider's first-rank symptoms are frequenUy found not only In schizophrenics but in atypical psychotiCS. 3) Atypical psychosis patients have more first-degree relatives with psychiatric disorders and have more !requentiy precipitating factors than schizophrenics. 4) On the subdivisions of atypical psychosis. patients with acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with symptoms of schizophrenia (F23.1) have more family history and fewer precipitating factors than tha other acute psychotics. On the contrary, acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder (F23.2) patients have less family history and more frequently precip• itating factors than the other acute psychoses patients and schizophrenics. therefore. these two sUbtypas of atypical psychosis seem to have contrasting
positions.
~0-111]
Attentlonal disorders In major depressive disorder: Result of a comparative study using computerized tests
J.G. Rohmer, B. Kastler. M. Patris. Department of Psychiatry Unit 2, C.H.R.U. 67091 StTasbourg, France It is generally admitted that patients suffering from major depression present variOUs degree of attention disorders. computerized tests. elaborated In our unit are aimed to evaluate quan• titatively various attention modalities (attention centered of one sensorial modality divided attention. selective attention and attention disturbance induced by various perturbers. In this studY, we tried to determine the attentional disorders In patients (15 cases) fulfilling the DSM III-R criteria for major depressive disorder compared to normal subjects matched for age, sex, study level. The first part of this studY consisted in testing the drug free patients recognized as depressed (MARS score >25). Secondly, these subjects were evaluated agaln one month later under antidepressive treatment and after clinical recovery. our data showed globally low levels of the scores obtained by the depressed patient before treatment in all the tests. The mean reaction time were particulariy increased but the number of errors observed were similar to thOse of the healthy volunteers. These results can be explained as an adaPlStive cognitive strategy used by the patients In order to avold errors. In the second part of the experiment the recove~ patl~ts have globally Increased their performance. However some ettenlionaJ disorders seem to remain: the patients are still disturbed by aleatory stimuli and desynchronlzed Informations even with a good clinical recovery (Mean Madrs score <5 and feeling by the patient of being well not depressed). From this we conclude that our tests are sensitive and that standardized data collection allow studies of the cognitive tasks without bias due to non standardized stimuli. The results obtained by the depressed patient still showed some deficits Indicatlng a potential subclinical altentional vulnerability. If we compare these results to our studies concemlng schizophrenic patients we can emphasize that tha attentional disorders between this two pathOlogies have rather different profiles.
[[0-11 ~
seasonal Affective Disorder Is common In Finland
S saarijArvl. H. Lauerma, H. Helenlus, S. Saarilehto. Department of P~ychi8try, Turku University Central Hospital. Turku. Finland The aim of our study was to find out the prevalence of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal SAD (S-SAD) In south-west (latitude <60 and north Finland (latitude >66 N. above arctic circle). N) ethOdS: We used a Finnish version of the Seasonal Pattem Assess• M t Questionnaire (SPAQ). The survey Included 3000 Finnish Inhabitants ~1500. age of 18-64 years) rendomly selected from a population reg-
BIOL. PSYCHIATRY 1997;42:1S-297S
2555
Ister. The SPAQ was mailed in December 1995. and one follow-up SPAQ was sent after one month. The response rate was 60%. Results: 1710 SPACs were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects was 41 years, 47% were men and 53% women. The prevalences of SAD and S-SAD were estimated at 12% and 27% respectively. SAD and/or S-SAD 'caseness' was significanUy associated with female gender. younger age. higher Body Mass Index, higher education and with a shorter living period In a given area. The samish people experienced less seasonal variation than the Finnish people in north. Conclusion: SAD and S-SAD are very common in Finland. Experience of seasonal variation of mood seems to depend on both environmental and genetic adaptation to extemal circumstances.
190-1131
The combined efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy In primary dysthymia
A.V. Ravindran, J. Telner, R. Bialik, V. Charbonneau, J. Ellis, A. Wiens, J. Griffiths, M. zaharia, C. Waddell. Z. Merall. H. Anisrnan, V.D. Lapierre.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa. Ottawa. Ontario. Canada
Few studies have examined the combined efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy In dysthymia DSM III·R primary dysthymia (n OK SO) and no other comorbidity were studied. They received either sertraline (n .. 25) or placebo (n .25) In a double-blind design for a 12-week period. During this time they also received structured. once a week, group cognitive behavioural therapy (in groups of ten). The assessment Instruments included the HAM-D, MADRS, HAM-A, as well as scales measuring perceived stressors, strategies of coping, and quality of life. Both groups showed significant Improvement after treatment on several measures Including HAM-D (p < 0.01). However. at the end of 12 weeks the combined sertraline and cognitive therapy group had significantly lower 17-item HAM-D (p = 0.05), 20 • 9-item HAM-D (p • 0.21), MADRS (p :0 0.23), and HAM-A (p :0 0.001) compared to the placebo and cognitive therapy. Although cognitive therapy Is Ukely useful in of dysthymia, Its combination with pharmacotherapy appears to be significanUy superior.
190-1141
Personality characteristics, coping, and mood In young men with physically active or sedentary lifestyles M. Sallo 1, H. Rirnm 2, J. Harre" K. Karalson s. A.-M. Viru S. 1 Department of Public Health. University of Tartu. OlikooJi 18, EE-24OO Tartu. Estonia, of Psychology. University of Tartu, Olikooli 18. EE-24OO Tartu. Estonia. sDepartment of Sports Biology. University of Tartu. OJikooli 18. EE-2400 Tartu. Estonia
2 Department
The National Institute of Mental Health consensus statements suggest that exercise can be a valuable therapeutic Intervention In reducing state anxiety, mild to moderate depression. traits as neuroticism and anxiety, and the reactivity to psychosocial stress. The purpose of this investigation was to assess tha association of physical activity and fitness In healthy persons to their state of the mood and personality characteristics. Methods: A group of 84 paid volunteers (all males, age 18-26 years, recruited by adVertisement) Including Individuals with minimal, moderate or vigorous habltual physical activity. particlpated In this study. Physical activity was assessed by means of structured questionnaires, and maximal oxygen uptake was measured by bicycle ergometer test with incremental load increase. Subjects were tested for personality structure and mood state and trait using the approbated Estonian versions of several broadly used questionnaires. Blood samples obtained before and after ergometer test are currently analysed for monoamine concentrations. Relults: Analysis of variance revealed aslgnifteant differenca In perceived seIf-efficacy as measured by Schwartzer's scale between groups with differ• ent levels 01 engagement in sports. The scores of Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory correlated negatively with the self• -reported habitual physical actiVity. The results of this Investigation suggest that even among young healthy men, high level of habitual physical activity Is associated with perceived active coping strategy, and that good physical fitness Is associated with lower scores 01 indices of depression.