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Pesticide metabolism: Extrapolation from animals to man
PESTICIDE
BIOCHEMISTRY
AND
PHYSIOLOGY
33, 298-300 (1989)
Book Reviews siderations in human metabolism studies. These chapters, although covering topics of considerable interest, take the form of literature review with little introduction and often little or no conclusion or summary. Although the final chapter in the book (chapter 12) deals with conclusions and recommendations, it draws little from the main text and has as its focus the need for additional human metabolism studies of pesticides, especially in the new product development phase. The emphasis in this book is on therapeutic drug metabolism and while important general lessons on animal models of human metabolism are presented, they are often limited in usefulness to related classes of chemistry. The vast majority of human exposure to pesticides is through dermal penetration and although this is dealt with to a limited extent in chapter 2 the emphasis is on orally administered drugs and related drug metabolism. A detailed list of source references is given at the end of each chapter and a fairly detailed subject index is given at the end of the book. In summary, although the “pesticides” title is somewhat misleading, the book does provide a review of the literature on xenobiotic metabolism (especially where data from man are available) and some useful compilations quantitatively comparing the metabolism of chemicals in experimental animals and man.
Pesticide Metabolism: Extrapolation from Animals to Man. Edited by J. Miyamoto, H. Kaneko, D. H. Hutson, H. 0. Esser, S. Gorbach, and E. Dorn, Blackwell, London, 1988. 120 pp., $22.50. This publication from the IUPAC Pesticide Chemistry Commission is described in the preface as covering a topic of sufftcient breadth and topical interest to warrant publication in book form. Extrapolation of toxicological results from animals to man is widely recognized as a difficult undertaking, especially so for pesticides where few human metabolism data exist. Although “Pesticide Metabolism” represents a worthwhile subject, the title of this present text is somewhat misleading and would perhaps have been more aptly titled “Xenobiotic” rather than “Pesticide Metabolism.” Although the title refers specifically to pesticides, the majority of examples are taken from drug metabolism or other nonpesticidal chemicals. Chapter 3, “Metabolism of Pesticides,” is covered in only 11 pages, while chapter 4, Metabolism of Drugs, has 29 pages, and chapters 5 and 6 on the “Metabolism of Food Additives and Industrial Chemicals” have 7 and 5 pages, respectively. While this emphasis largely reflects the dearth of comparative human metabolism and toxicological data on nontherapeutic compounds like pesticides, it leads to an over-emphasis on those classes of chemicals that find medicinal utility. The table of contents is well organized with numbered chapter subheadings and associated page numbers given. This is useful in locating a reference to metabolism of a specific drug or pesticide, since the common name of the product is given for quick reference in the chapters on metabolism, which are largely lists of published metabolism studies of the xenobiotits in alphabetical order. This book takes the form of a review of the published literature with extensive references. Practically every page has tables or a figure showing metabolic pathways (using structural formulae) of the compound in question. There is, however, no list of tables/figures in the book to aid the reader in locating these data. Chapter 1 is a brief introduction. Chapter 2 briefly covers species differences in animals. Chapters 3-6 cover the metabolism of pesticides, drugs, food additives, and industrial chemicals. Only the metabolism of the following pesticides is covered in this section: dieldrin, DDT, carbaryl, propoxor, dichlorvos, chlorfenvinphos, pyrethroids, and 2,4-D, pesticides chosen because of the availability of (some) data on human metabolism. The final chapters in the book cover human metabolism, in vitro techniques, extrapolating animal results to man, stable isotopes, and ethical con-
KENT
Toxicology of Pesticides: Experimental, Clinical, and Regulatory Perspectives. Edited by L. G. Costa, C. L. Galli, and S. D. Murphy, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987. 320 pp., $79.00. This book represents the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on the toxicology of pesticides held at Biva de1 Garda, Italy, in October 1986. As implied by the title, the intent of this AS1 was to bring together and foster discussions among individuals working in experimental, clinical, and regulatory aspects of pesticides. The book consists of 18 main chapters and 9 communications compiled from submissions by the AS1 attendees. “Toxicology of Pesticides” is a result of the camera-ready method of publishing. This method of production of a text lends itself to the rapid publication of conference proceedings, but often suffers from having little or no review or editing of the submitted material prior to publication. As a result, the quality of 298
0048-3575189 $3.00 Copyright 0 1989 by Academic Press, Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
R. JENNINGS
Crop Protection Division Cyanamid Canada Inc. 88 McNabb Street Markham, Ontario, Canada WR 6E6
BIOCHEMISTRY
AND
PHYSIOLOGY
33, 298-300 (1989)
Book Reviews siderations in human metabolism studies. These chapters, although covering topics of considerable interest, take the form of literature review with little introduction and often little or no conclusion or summary. Although the final chapter in the book (chapter 12) deals with conclusions and recommendations, it draws little from the main text and has as its focus the need for additional human metabolism studies of pesticides, especially in the new product development phase. The emphasis in this book is on therapeutic drug metabolism and while important general lessons on animal models of human metabolism are presented, they are often limited in usefulness to related classes of chemistry. The vast majority of human exposure to pesticides is through dermal penetration and although this is dealt with to a limited extent in chapter 2 the emphasis is on orally administered drugs and related drug metabolism. A detailed list of source references is given at the end of each chapter and a fairly detailed subject index is given at the end of the book. In summary, although the “pesticides” title is somewhat misleading, the book does provide a review of the literature on xenobiotic metabolism (especially where data from man are available) and some useful compilations quantitatively comparing the metabolism of chemicals in experimental animals and man.
Pesticide Metabolism: Extrapolation from Animals to Man. Edited by J. Miyamoto, H. Kaneko, D. H. Hutson, H. 0. Esser, S. Gorbach, and E. Dorn, Blackwell, London, 1988. 120 pp., $22.50. This publication from the IUPAC Pesticide Chemistry Commission is described in the preface as covering a topic of sufftcient breadth and topical interest to warrant publication in book form. Extrapolation of toxicological results from animals to man is widely recognized as a difficult undertaking, especially so for pesticides where few human metabolism data exist. Although “Pesticide Metabolism” represents a worthwhile subject, the title of this present text is somewhat misleading and would perhaps have been more aptly titled “Xenobiotic” rather than “Pesticide Metabolism.” Although the title refers specifically to pesticides, the majority of examples are taken from drug metabolism or other nonpesticidal chemicals. Chapter 3, “Metabolism of Pesticides,” is covered in only 11 pages, while chapter 4, Metabolism of Drugs, has 29 pages, and chapters 5 and 6 on the “Metabolism of Food Additives and Industrial Chemicals” have 7 and 5 pages, respectively. While this emphasis largely reflects the dearth of comparative human metabolism and toxicological data on nontherapeutic compounds like pesticides, it leads to an over-emphasis on those classes of chemicals that find medicinal utility. The table of contents is well organized with numbered chapter subheadings and associated page numbers given. This is useful in locating a reference to metabolism of a specific drug or pesticide, since the common name of the product is given for quick reference in the chapters on metabolism, which are largely lists of published metabolism studies of the xenobiotits in alphabetical order. This book takes the form of a review of the published literature with extensive references. Practically every page has tables or a figure showing metabolic pathways (using structural formulae) of the compound in question. There is, however, no list of tables/figures in the book to aid the reader in locating these data. Chapter 1 is a brief introduction. Chapter 2 briefly covers species differences in animals. Chapters 3-6 cover the metabolism of pesticides, drugs, food additives, and industrial chemicals. Only the metabolism of the following pesticides is covered in this section: dieldrin, DDT, carbaryl, propoxor, dichlorvos, chlorfenvinphos, pyrethroids, and 2,4-D, pesticides chosen because of the availability of (some) data on human metabolism. The final chapters in the book cover human metabolism, in vitro techniques, extrapolating animal results to man, stable isotopes, and ethical con-
KENT
Toxicology of Pesticides: Experimental, Clinical, and Regulatory Perspectives. Edited by L. G. Costa, C. L. Galli, and S. D. Murphy, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987. 320 pp., $79.00. This book represents the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on the toxicology of pesticides held at Biva de1 Garda, Italy, in October 1986. As implied by the title, the intent of this AS1 was to bring together and foster discussions among individuals working in experimental, clinical, and regulatory aspects of pesticides. The book consists of 18 main chapters and 9 communications compiled from submissions by the AS1 attendees. “Toxicology of Pesticides” is a result of the camera-ready method of publishing. This method of production of a text lends itself to the rapid publication of conference proceedings, but often suffers from having little or no review or editing of the submitted material prior to publication. As a result, the quality of 298
0048-3575189 $3.00 Copyright 0 1989 by Academic Press, Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
R. JENNINGS
Crop Protection Division Cyanamid Canada Inc. 88 McNabb Street Markham, Ontario, Canada WR 6E6