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Photo-biological hydrogen production system by green microalgae: Theoretical analysis for constraints and prospects
Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576
ical industries. The heterogeneous MP-11/NH2 -FSM16 peroxidase model was used successfully in phenol removal from aqueous solutions in a small-size pilot scale (10 L) continuous flow reactor.
[C.20]
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.094
W. Zhang 1,2,∗ , Z.A. Chen 2
S33
Photo-biological hydrogen production system by green microalgae: Theoretical analysis for constraints and prospects
1
[C.19] Genetically diverse biosensors and bionanoanalytical methods S. Daunert ∗ University of Kentucky, United States The design of instruments and techniques capable of detection, quantification, and delivery of small amounts of biomolecules is essential for the development of new bioengineering methods and devices. Microfabrication and microfluidics have been instrumental in the advancement of this field. In order to detect target molecules in small volumes and microfabricated structures, it is necessary to prepare bioreagents that provide enough sensitivity for their detection. In our laboratory, we engineer proteins and cells to design a diverse array of biosensing systems. Specifically, the photoprotein aequorin has been genetically engineered by preparing mutant and fusion proteins, and by designing molecular switches. We have incorporated various chromophore analogues into the newly produced aequorin variants in order to shift the emission maxima and alter the bioluminescent decay kinetics. Moreover, we have genetically encoded aequorin with non-natural amino acids to create newly ‘colored’ aequorin variants, which have found application in simultaneous multianalyte detection. Additionally, we have prepared a bioluminescent molecular switch for glucose by dissecting the gene of the aequorin molecule into two halves and inserting in between the gene of the glucose binding protein to produce a protein molecular switch capable of glucose detection. In the presence of glucose, the glucose binding protein undergoes a conformational change bringing the two ‘halves’ of the aequorin molecule and allowing for the emission of bioluminescence in a manner proportional to the concentration of glucose present. In another strategy, a protein immobilized within a hydrogel acts as a recognition element for drugs. The integrated molecular recognition within the hydrogel allows for simultaneous sensing and actuating, thus providing with a novel approach to responsive drug delivery systems. Finally, we have taken advantage of the bioluminescence produced from bacterial luciferase in order to study quorum sensing and the mechanism of action of quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) in relation to gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. To that end, we developed and employed genetically engineered bioluminescent whole-cell-based sensing systems for the detection of QSMs in physiological samples, both in subjects with various GI disorders and healthy volunteers. Finally, non-invasive diagnostics/management tools for these diseases have been developed by preparing colorimetric paper strips incorporating these QSM biosensors. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.095
Flinders University, Australia Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Keywords: Biohydrogen; Green microalgae; Indirect photolysis; Direct photolysis 2
Photobiological hydrogen production by green microalgae has been promoted as an ideal source of renewable hydrogen that can meet the world’s growing energy needs in a ‘hydrogen economy’. This presentation provides a critical review of the state-of-the-art including the latest concepts, theories and technological progress. The theoretical limitation in maximum hydrogen yield and productivity in indirect photolysis is analyzed and identified, based on the current understanding of hydrogen metabolism in green microalgae. It is arguable that the current technology based on indirect photolysis could lead to a practical hydrogen production process by green microalgae. To achieve a commercial application, future development must be directed to in-depth molecular understanding of the photosynthetic processes and their roles in bio-photolysis and hydrogen metabolism, and the synergy of biological and engineering approaches to realize anaerobic conditions for hydrogen production by direct photolysis. The development of efficient and economical photobioreactors for both algal cultivation and hydrogen production, and successful process scale-up are also challenges that must be focused upon in future developments. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.096 [C.21] From Research to Markets—Motivating Business to Innovate in Bio Based Products S.R. Fletcher ∗ , H. Whitby Chemistry Innovation Ltd, United Kingdom Keywords: Innovation; Toolbox; SMEs; Chemicals There are many drivers for the adoption of renewable feedstocks and industrial biotechnology to produce bio based chemicals and materials. The most obvious are climate change and energy security, in particular the global target of an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. In Europe the High Level Group on the Competitiveness of the Chemical Industry identified the need for innovation within the sector, focused on innovative SMEs and with priority given to bio-based products. The Commission’s Lead Market Initiative has further emphasised this and now many companies are seeing commercial or economic advantages from developing products which are sustainable or “green”. However there are still barriers to the development of bio-based product business, in particular • lack of awareness of industrial biotechnology and its benefits; • uncertainty about product properties and weak market transparency; • lack of confidence to enter new markets and develop new supply chains; • significant technology investment required with an associated high risk; • limited access to specialist demonstration facilities to enable derisking of new technology; • availability of investment funds.
ical industries. The heterogeneous MP-11/NH2 -FSM16 peroxidase model was used successfully in phenol removal from aqueous solutions in a small-size pilot scale (10 L) continuous flow reactor.
[C.20]
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.094
W. Zhang 1,2,∗ , Z.A. Chen 2
S33
Photo-biological hydrogen production system by green microalgae: Theoretical analysis for constraints and prospects
1
[C.19] Genetically diverse biosensors and bionanoanalytical methods S. Daunert ∗ University of Kentucky, United States The design of instruments and techniques capable of detection, quantification, and delivery of small amounts of biomolecules is essential for the development of new bioengineering methods and devices. Microfabrication and microfluidics have been instrumental in the advancement of this field. In order to detect target molecules in small volumes and microfabricated structures, it is necessary to prepare bioreagents that provide enough sensitivity for their detection. In our laboratory, we engineer proteins and cells to design a diverse array of biosensing systems. Specifically, the photoprotein aequorin has been genetically engineered by preparing mutant and fusion proteins, and by designing molecular switches. We have incorporated various chromophore analogues into the newly produced aequorin variants in order to shift the emission maxima and alter the bioluminescent decay kinetics. Moreover, we have genetically encoded aequorin with non-natural amino acids to create newly ‘colored’ aequorin variants, which have found application in simultaneous multianalyte detection. Additionally, we have prepared a bioluminescent molecular switch for glucose by dissecting the gene of the aequorin molecule into two halves and inserting in between the gene of the glucose binding protein to produce a protein molecular switch capable of glucose detection. In the presence of glucose, the glucose binding protein undergoes a conformational change bringing the two ‘halves’ of the aequorin molecule and allowing for the emission of bioluminescence in a manner proportional to the concentration of glucose present. In another strategy, a protein immobilized within a hydrogel acts as a recognition element for drugs. The integrated molecular recognition within the hydrogel allows for simultaneous sensing and actuating, thus providing with a novel approach to responsive drug delivery systems. Finally, we have taken advantage of the bioluminescence produced from bacterial luciferase in order to study quorum sensing and the mechanism of action of quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) in relation to gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. To that end, we developed and employed genetically engineered bioluminescent whole-cell-based sensing systems for the detection of QSMs in physiological samples, both in subjects with various GI disorders and healthy volunteers. Finally, non-invasive diagnostics/management tools for these diseases have been developed by preparing colorimetric paper strips incorporating these QSM biosensors. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.095
Flinders University, Australia Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Keywords: Biohydrogen; Green microalgae; Indirect photolysis; Direct photolysis 2
Photobiological hydrogen production by green microalgae has been promoted as an ideal source of renewable hydrogen that can meet the world’s growing energy needs in a ‘hydrogen economy’. This presentation provides a critical review of the state-of-the-art including the latest concepts, theories and technological progress. The theoretical limitation in maximum hydrogen yield and productivity in indirect photolysis is analyzed and identified, based on the current understanding of hydrogen metabolism in green microalgae. It is arguable that the current technology based on indirect photolysis could lead to a practical hydrogen production process by green microalgae. To achieve a commercial application, future development must be directed to in-depth molecular understanding of the photosynthetic processes and their roles in bio-photolysis and hydrogen metabolism, and the synergy of biological and engineering approaches to realize anaerobic conditions for hydrogen production by direct photolysis. The development of efficient and economical photobioreactors for both algal cultivation and hydrogen production, and successful process scale-up are also challenges that must be focused upon in future developments. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.096 [C.21] From Research to Markets—Motivating Business to Innovate in Bio Based Products S.R. Fletcher ∗ , H. Whitby Chemistry Innovation Ltd, United Kingdom Keywords: Innovation; Toolbox; SMEs; Chemicals There are many drivers for the adoption of renewable feedstocks and industrial biotechnology to produce bio based chemicals and materials. The most obvious are climate change and energy security, in particular the global target of an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. In Europe the High Level Group on the Competitiveness of the Chemical Industry identified the need for innovation within the sector, focused on innovative SMEs and with priority given to bio-based products. The Commission’s Lead Market Initiative has further emphasised this and now many companies are seeing commercial or economic advantages from developing products which are sustainable or “green”. However there are still barriers to the development of bio-based product business, in particular • lack of awareness of industrial biotechnology and its benefits; • uncertainty about product properties and weak market transparency; • lack of confidence to enter new markets and develop new supply chains; • significant technology investment required with an associated high risk; • limited access to specialist demonstration facilities to enable derisking of new technology; • availability of investment funds.