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PHOTOGRAPHING IN COLOURS.
454 children die within a year after they were born in these cellars and garrets, without uttering a sound of indignation or alarm; which robs the citizen of his independence and manliness, enslaving him by fear or want to a landlord or employer; which increases the rate of suicide and in-
sanity every year,-this, truly, is not a civilisation conscientious, thinking man to be proud of."
for any
Dr. Homan remarks that among these crowded and This a very high birth-rate prevails. he attributes to an effort on the part of nature to meet the
-oppressed populations
waste of life so that a margin may remain to precomplete extinction ; but he protests that the vital and moral quality of offspring thus produced gravely en- danger society. Tenement districts are known to police officials as nurseries of crime, as they are known to sanitary authorities as breeding-places of disease. "Those who do not perish early in life only live to become stunted, and crippled, and deformed in body or in mind, or both, and usually, sooner or later, become inmates of hospitals, reformatories, poorhouses, or prisons." Very truly, the lecturer goes on to complain that some degree of alarm and spasmodic activity in the way of arrest and prevention is occasionally manifested when cholera seems to be marching round the world, or Oriental plague breaks out in Russia, or some other epidemic menaces public health. But the influence of such epidemics on the general death-rate is really insignificant "when comwith the eternal gnawing at the population, at the bone and sinew, by diseases that are domesticated in all civilised lands mainly through the existence of conditions contraband alike of the common health, the common safety, common justice, and common humanity." Dr. Homan then repeats what has so often been demonstrated before-namely, that these overcrowded districts are foci of epidemic disease which cannot be stamped out, but which will spread from the poor to the rich. He then - eloquently urges :It is well that breaches of natural laws bring their own ,punishment, be it slow or swift, as the case may be ; that the superstition which would lean on miraculous power to tay the march of disease finds scant support to-day; that ’enormous
vent
pared
"
water will wet and fire will burn those who fall into them ; that faith can stop neither bullets nor bacteria; that if we continually grow and sow the seeds of disease and death we shall just as surely reap the appointed harvest, for in no other way, perhaps, can the blind and selfish greed of man of justice and fairness, the be taught the exceeding profit of right doing to all."
gain
PHOTOGRAPHING IN COLOURS.
but still a disturbance dilferent from that which would have been produced by either of the coincident forces acting alone. From this cause arise all those beautiful optical effects of interference which so strikingly illustrate the undulatory theory of light. Now, if it be a fact that the chemical ray of light is subject to the same law, and activity of a exalted or depressed by causing a second ray can be either of the same wave length to act upon the sensitive reagent, it is quite conceivable that a pair of rays of light might be so directed through a photographic film as to cause, not a of the precipitated element. uniform, but a sporadic These minute deposits would in that case be distributed at definite distances apart along the line of the common path of the active rays, because they would mark the points of cooperating and therefore exalted activity. Similarly, their intervals would occupy the spaces in which the antagonism of the two rays had reduced or even destroyed the actinic effect. Now such a film would apparently be opaque to any light not having this particular wave length, because at some point it would necessarily be absorbed by the opaque deposit. But if a ray of the same wave length impinged, it might be able to pick its way successfully between the deposits. Professor Lipmann is said to have such a film by the expedient of placing a produced mirror at the back of his sensitive plate and causing the focused ray to return along its own path. The mirror is produced by making the plate one side of a mercury trough, which when filled constitutes a mirror in exactly the desired position. The expedient, if successful, is certainly charmingly simple, and, seeing that the healing art would undoubtedly benefit in as high a degree as any by a we look with practicable system of chromatic lively interest for some further information upon the theory and practice so ingeniously originated.
deposit
photography,
VIRCHOW TESTIMONIAL FUND. THE following is the list of the committee of the above Fund :-Henry W. Acland (Oxford), Th. Clifford Allbutt, John Banks (Dublin), W. Mitchell Banks (Liverpool), H. G. Barling (Birmingham), A. Barron, M.B. (Liverpool), H. C. Bastian, Wm. Bowman, J. S. Bristowe, W. H. Broadbent, Th. Lauder Brunton (treasurer), Th. Bryant, H. T. Butlin, J. Chiene (Edinburgh), Andrew Clark, J. Coats (Glasgow), S. Coupland, J. Dreschfeld (Manchester), Dyce Dnckworth, John Evans, Joseph Fayrer, D. Ferrier. W. H. Flower, M. Foster (Cambridge), W. T. Gairdner (Glasgow), Alfred Garrod, W. S. Greenfield (Edinburgh), F. de Havilland Hall, D. S. Hamilton (Aberdeen), T. Holmes, G. M. Humphry (Cambridge), J. Hutchinson, J. Hughlings Jackson, William Jenner, George Johnson, Joseph Lister, William MacCormac, Th. Oliver (Newcastle- on- Tyne), W. M. Ord, Richard Quain, George Paget (Cambridge), James Paget (chairman), F. W. Pavy, George Porter (Dublin), R. Douglas Powell, J. Russell Reynolds, William Roberts, Ch. S. Roy (Cambridge), T. Burdon Sanderson (Oxford), E. A. Schafer, S. G. Shattock, John Simon, A. R. Simpson (Edinburgh), E. M. Skerritt (Clifton, Bristol), Th. Grainger Stewart (Edinburgh), William S cokes (Dublin), Octavius Sturges, Th. Pridgin Teale (Leeds), William Turner (Edinburgh), Hermann Weber, Spencer Wells, C. S. Wheelhouse (Leeds), Samuel Wilks, A. H. Young (Manchester). The following additional subscriptions have been received:
THE invention which has recently been announced from Paris, of a method of communicating colour to a sensitive photographic film by the action of a ray of coloured light, will, if confirmed, awaken very widespread interest, for it is impossible to foresee all the applications to which such a discovery might be expected eventually to lend itself. The idea is credited to M. Lipmann, a professor of the Sorbonne and a physicist whose name is already widely and favourably known in connexion with some highly ingenious instruments of physical research. The theory which he is said to have successfully embodied in experiment is that the interference of two rays of light of the same wave length may be caused to produce a characteristic effect upon a sensitive film such as amounts to dyeing the film of the particular hue in question. So far as has at presenbeen explained, the process appears to depend upon the doctrine that the chemical action, like the chromatic properties, of a ray of light is capable of being affected by the conditions which give rise to the phenomena of interference. In itself this seems likely enough. It is well known that if two rays of light having the same wave length travel along the same path simultaneously, they interfere with one another. It may and does happen that at certain points along the path, depending for their position on the wave length, the two impulses tend to counteract SOUTHERN HOSPITAL NEW NURSEs’Ho3iH.-Last and at other points to reinforce one another. A luminiferous that is acted be-which may upon by Saturday afternoon the ceremony of opening the Nurses’ particle-whatever two forces will remain at rest if the forces are equal Home attached to the Southern Hospital was performed by as well as opposite ; while if the forces be not equal or not Mrs. G. H. Horsfall, in the presence of a large and distindirectly opposed, there will be some resulting disturbance, guished company.
opposing
sanity every year,-this, truly, is not a civilisation conscientious, thinking man to be proud of."
for any
Dr. Homan remarks that among these crowded and This a very high birth-rate prevails. he attributes to an effort on the part of nature to meet the
-oppressed populations
waste of life so that a margin may remain to precomplete extinction ; but he protests that the vital and moral quality of offspring thus produced gravely en- danger society. Tenement districts are known to police officials as nurseries of crime, as they are known to sanitary authorities as breeding-places of disease. "Those who do not perish early in life only live to become stunted, and crippled, and deformed in body or in mind, or both, and usually, sooner or later, become inmates of hospitals, reformatories, poorhouses, or prisons." Very truly, the lecturer goes on to complain that some degree of alarm and spasmodic activity in the way of arrest and prevention is occasionally manifested when cholera seems to be marching round the world, or Oriental plague breaks out in Russia, or some other epidemic menaces public health. But the influence of such epidemics on the general death-rate is really insignificant "when comwith the eternal gnawing at the population, at the bone and sinew, by diseases that are domesticated in all civilised lands mainly through the existence of conditions contraband alike of the common health, the common safety, common justice, and common humanity." Dr. Homan then repeats what has so often been demonstrated before-namely, that these overcrowded districts are foci of epidemic disease which cannot be stamped out, but which will spread from the poor to the rich. He then - eloquently urges :It is well that breaches of natural laws bring their own ,punishment, be it slow or swift, as the case may be ; that the superstition which would lean on miraculous power to tay the march of disease finds scant support to-day; that ’enormous
vent
pared
"
water will wet and fire will burn those who fall into them ; that faith can stop neither bullets nor bacteria; that if we continually grow and sow the seeds of disease and death we shall just as surely reap the appointed harvest, for in no other way, perhaps, can the blind and selfish greed of man of justice and fairness, the be taught the exceeding profit of right doing to all."
gain
PHOTOGRAPHING IN COLOURS.
but still a disturbance dilferent from that which would have been produced by either of the coincident forces acting alone. From this cause arise all those beautiful optical effects of interference which so strikingly illustrate the undulatory theory of light. Now, if it be a fact that the chemical ray of light is subject to the same law, and activity of a exalted or depressed by causing a second ray can be either of the same wave length to act upon the sensitive reagent, it is quite conceivable that a pair of rays of light might be so directed through a photographic film as to cause, not a of the precipitated element. uniform, but a sporadic These minute deposits would in that case be distributed at definite distances apart along the line of the common path of the active rays, because they would mark the points of cooperating and therefore exalted activity. Similarly, their intervals would occupy the spaces in which the antagonism of the two rays had reduced or even destroyed the actinic effect. Now such a film would apparently be opaque to any light not having this particular wave length, because at some point it would necessarily be absorbed by the opaque deposit. But if a ray of the same wave length impinged, it might be able to pick its way successfully between the deposits. Professor Lipmann is said to have such a film by the expedient of placing a produced mirror at the back of his sensitive plate and causing the focused ray to return along its own path. The mirror is produced by making the plate one side of a mercury trough, which when filled constitutes a mirror in exactly the desired position. The expedient, if successful, is certainly charmingly simple, and, seeing that the healing art would undoubtedly benefit in as high a degree as any by a we look with practicable system of chromatic lively interest for some further information upon the theory and practice so ingeniously originated.
deposit
photography,
VIRCHOW TESTIMONIAL FUND. THE following is the list of the committee of the above Fund :-Henry W. Acland (Oxford), Th. Clifford Allbutt, John Banks (Dublin), W. Mitchell Banks (Liverpool), H. G. Barling (Birmingham), A. Barron, M.B. (Liverpool), H. C. Bastian, Wm. Bowman, J. S. Bristowe, W. H. Broadbent, Th. Lauder Brunton (treasurer), Th. Bryant, H. T. Butlin, J. Chiene (Edinburgh), Andrew Clark, J. Coats (Glasgow), S. Coupland, J. Dreschfeld (Manchester), Dyce Dnckworth, John Evans, Joseph Fayrer, D. Ferrier. W. H. Flower, M. Foster (Cambridge), W. T. Gairdner (Glasgow), Alfred Garrod, W. S. Greenfield (Edinburgh), F. de Havilland Hall, D. S. Hamilton (Aberdeen), T. Holmes, G. M. Humphry (Cambridge), J. Hutchinson, J. Hughlings Jackson, William Jenner, George Johnson, Joseph Lister, William MacCormac, Th. Oliver (Newcastle- on- Tyne), W. M. Ord, Richard Quain, George Paget (Cambridge), James Paget (chairman), F. W. Pavy, George Porter (Dublin), R. Douglas Powell, J. Russell Reynolds, William Roberts, Ch. S. Roy (Cambridge), T. Burdon Sanderson (Oxford), E. A. Schafer, S. G. Shattock, John Simon, A. R. Simpson (Edinburgh), E. M. Skerritt (Clifton, Bristol), Th. Grainger Stewart (Edinburgh), William S cokes (Dublin), Octavius Sturges, Th. Pridgin Teale (Leeds), William Turner (Edinburgh), Hermann Weber, Spencer Wells, C. S. Wheelhouse (Leeds), Samuel Wilks, A. H. Young (Manchester). The following additional subscriptions have been received:
THE invention which has recently been announced from Paris, of a method of communicating colour to a sensitive photographic film by the action of a ray of coloured light, will, if confirmed, awaken very widespread interest, for it is impossible to foresee all the applications to which such a discovery might be expected eventually to lend itself. The idea is credited to M. Lipmann, a professor of the Sorbonne and a physicist whose name is already widely and favourably known in connexion with some highly ingenious instruments of physical research. The theory which he is said to have successfully embodied in experiment is that the interference of two rays of light of the same wave length may be caused to produce a characteristic effect upon a sensitive film such as amounts to dyeing the film of the particular hue in question. So far as has at presenbeen explained, the process appears to depend upon the doctrine that the chemical action, like the chromatic properties, of a ray of light is capable of being affected by the conditions which give rise to the phenomena of interference. In itself this seems likely enough. It is well known that if two rays of light having the same wave length travel along the same path simultaneously, they interfere with one another. It may and does happen that at certain points along the path, depending for their position on the wave length, the two impulses tend to counteract SOUTHERN HOSPITAL NEW NURSEs’Ho3iH.-Last and at other points to reinforce one another. A luminiferous that is acted be-which may upon by Saturday afternoon the ceremony of opening the Nurses’ particle-whatever two forces will remain at rest if the forces are equal Home attached to the Southern Hospital was performed by as well as opposite ; while if the forces be not equal or not Mrs. G. H. Horsfall, in the presence of a large and distindirectly opposed, there will be some resulting disturbance, guished company.
opposing