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Photographs and Multimedia Tours
Volume 2 Photographs and Multimedia Tours
Radvanice, Czech Republic
Kuznetsk Basin, Russia
Coal and peat fires burning around the world nucleate minerals from the gases they produce, transform rock by metamorphosing or melting it, cause pollution, and alter landscapes.
Hunter Valley, Australia
Las Tablas de Daimiel, Spain
Photos: Vladimír Žáček (Kateřina Coal Mine dump fire, Radvanice Village, Czech Republic, 2008, acicular greenockite), Ivan A. Sokol (Kuznetsk Coal Basin, Malinovka Village, Russia, 2006, paralava in clinker), Ferenc Szemes (Hunter Valley coalfield, New South Wales, Australia, 1996, burning spoil, now rehabilitated by re-contouring, covering with topsoil, and re-vegetating), Carlos Ruiz (Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park, Spain, 2009, the individual behind the smoke plume in the middle of the photo is standing above an underground peat fire started by self-ignition).
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Aachen Region, Germany
Hinesville, Georgia, USA
Coal and peat fires start by spontaneous combustion, lightning strikes, forest and brush fires, and anthropogenic activities including land-clearing, cigarette smoking, burning trash, camp fires, the illegal distillation of liquor, and mine-related incidents such as sparks from welding and electrical short circuits.
Rothiemurchus, Scotland
Comacchio Lowlands, Italy
Photos: Frank de Wit (Aachen region, 15 km north, Germany, 2011, a yellow organometallic selenium phase collected in 2005 at the Anna-I Coal Mine dump fire; nucleated from coal-fire gas with other sulfates), Kristian Johanson; courtesy of Nicole Hawk (Hinesville, Georgia, USA, July, 2011, fire-break trail and the now extinguished Terrell Mill Pond underground peat fire started by a lightning strike), Guillermo Rein (Rothiemurchus near Aviemore, Scotland, 2006, forty-year old lodgepole-pine plantation underlain by peat; ignited by roadside vegetation that caught fire from a truck. The forty-plus day burn, extinguished by the fire service, consumed about 15 ha. Horizontal field of view is between 20 and 25 m), Stefano Cremonini (Ancient Po River delta plain, Comacchio lowlands west of Spina, Italy, 2006 - see Figure IPF 1(A), location 1, in Martinelli et al., this volume. Peat is smouldering in the subsurface. The horizon is 5.7 km from the base of the photo).
Radvanice, Czech Republic
Kuznetsk Basin, Russia
Coal and peat fires burning around the world nucleate minerals from the gases they produce, transform rock by metamorphosing or melting it, cause pollution, and alter landscapes.
Hunter Valley, Australia
Las Tablas de Daimiel, Spain
Photos: Vladimír Žáček (Kateřina Coal Mine dump fire, Radvanice Village, Czech Republic, 2008, acicular greenockite), Ivan A. Sokol (Kuznetsk Coal Basin, Malinovka Village, Russia, 2006, paralava in clinker), Ferenc Szemes (Hunter Valley coalfield, New South Wales, Australia, 1996, burning spoil, now rehabilitated by re-contouring, covering with topsoil, and re-vegetating), Carlos Ruiz (Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park, Spain, 2009, the individual behind the smoke plume in the middle of the photo is standing above an underground peat fire started by self-ignition).
xxx
Aachen Region, Germany
Hinesville, Georgia, USA
Coal and peat fires start by spontaneous combustion, lightning strikes, forest and brush fires, and anthropogenic activities including land-clearing, cigarette smoking, burning trash, camp fires, the illegal distillation of liquor, and mine-related incidents such as sparks from welding and electrical short circuits.
Rothiemurchus, Scotland
Comacchio Lowlands, Italy
Photos: Frank de Wit (Aachen region, 15 km north, Germany, 2011, a yellow organometallic selenium phase collected in 2005 at the Anna-I Coal Mine dump fire; nucleated from coal-fire gas with other sulfates), Kristian Johanson; courtesy of Nicole Hawk (Hinesville, Georgia, USA, July, 2011, fire-break trail and the now extinguished Terrell Mill Pond underground peat fire started by a lightning strike), Guillermo Rein (Rothiemurchus near Aviemore, Scotland, 2006, forty-year old lodgepole-pine plantation underlain by peat; ignited by roadside vegetation that caught fire from a truck. The forty-plus day burn, extinguished by the fire service, consumed about 15 ha. Horizontal field of view is between 20 and 25 m), Stefano Cremonini (Ancient Po River delta plain, Comacchio lowlands west of Spina, Italy, 2006 - see Figure IPF 1(A), location 1, in Martinelli et al., this volume. Peat is smouldering in the subsurface. The horizon is 5.7 km from the base of the photo).