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Physical activity and surgery in mid-aged women
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2013 ASICS Conference / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 16S (2013) e59–e83
changing conditions of physical development. An increasing interest in overweight extent in the population of the youngest derives from the fact, that in many research more and more often a significant percentage of children with high values of BMI indicator is noted down and prognoses indicate further increase. The aim of the paper is the morphological characteristic of the six-year-olds with overweight against a background of the same aged with the proper weight and height proportions. Methods: In the paper the results of the research of the sixyear-old children from randomly chosen nursery schools and primary schools in Poland. The studies were done in 2006 and they comprised 37,340 seven-year-old children. The researched were divided into two groups. The first constituted overweight children, the second comparative group with proper weight and height proportions. The division criterion was the value 85 centyla of BMI indicator of all the researched in the separated in this way groups the basic statistic characteristics were estimated (x, s). The importance of differences between the arithmetic means was evaluated by t-Student test. In the paper the following were taken into account: body height and mass, circumferences: chest, shoulder and waist, fatness elements: thickness of adipose skin folds at the front and back of a shoulder, on the side of a trunk, under the scapula and on the gastrocnemius muscle. Results: The overweight boys were characterized by considerably bigger general body measurements than the comparative group, which confirms the commonly quoted statement about many times higher advancement of the development of the children which reveal higher proportion of fat in the body mass. Among girls the differentiation in the level of the development of the basic morphological parameters was similar to boys. All the differences were statistically significant. Discussion: Our’s research is similar to Reilly’s research on representative probation of 2630 English children shows that stated on the basis of BMI indicator overweight occurred in 22% of the six–seven-year-olds and obesity in 10% of this age group. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.196 58 Physical activity and surgery in mid-aged women T. Pavey ∗ , T. Kolbe-Alexander, G. Peeters, W. Brown University of Queensland, Australia Introduction: Physical activity has been previously associated with a decreased risk in gynecological surgeries (e.g. ovary removal, endometrial ablation) cholecystectomy (gall bladder) and breast surgery (e.g mastectomy, lumpectomy). However, there is currently a lack of research assessing the concurrent association of these surgeries and physical activity, using data gathered from a large representative sample of mid-aged women. The aim of this study is to assess the concurrent longitudinal association between physical activity and cholecystectomy, gynaecological and breast surgeries in mid-aged women. Methods: The study involved 9688 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, who completed triennial surveys from 1998 to 2010. Baseline age in 1998 was 47–52 years. Physical activity was assessed as time spent in walking, moderate and vigorous activity in the previous week, and an index of MET min/week was derived and categorized into one of four levels (none, low activity, meeting guidelines, high activity). Surgery was assessed by the question “In the past three years, have you had any of the following operations”. Generalised estimating
equation models (with 3-year time lag), with adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioural and health-related variables, were used to examine the relationship between physical activity level and surgery risk, with no activity as the referent. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Results: Compared to no physical activity, unadjusted models showed a reduced risk of gynecological surgery for low activity (0.82, 0.70–0.96), meeting guidelines (0.74, 0.63–0.87) and high activity (0.74, 0.64–0.86), with adjusted models showing similar results. Only high levels of physical activity showed a reduced risk of cholecystectomy (0.66, 0.53–0.84) compared to no physical activity. This became borderline significant (0.67, 0.61–1.02) for the adjusted model. There was no significant risk reduction across physical activity levels with breast surgery. Conclusions: For this age group, even low levels of physical activity appear protective against gynecological surgery, with optimal benefits for those meeting physical activity guidelines. For protection against cholecystectomy, higher levels of physical activity are needed. Our results support the continued promotion of physical activity guidelines for the adult population. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.197 59 Life efficiency and the sense of the quality of life among the elderly people in long-term welfare institutions B. Zboina 1,∗ , H. Krol 2 , G. Nowak-Starz 2 , M. Markowska 2 , E. Ciesla 2 , M. Biskup 2 1 2
John Paul II Catholic University, Lublin, Poland Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Introduction: The definition of the quality of life perceived as an individual’s personal perception of their position in life in the context of culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns gives a new outlook on four spheres and perspectives of people’s life which are exceptionally important at old age. The analysis of academic sources shows the complexity of the problems connected with the quality of life, the process of aging within societies, the organization of health care and welfare for elderly people. The aim of the present dissertation is to present the biopsychological factors which shape the sense of the quality of life among the elderly people in long-term welfare institutions. Research methodology: The research was conducted by means of an interviewing questionnaire technique with the usage of WHOQOL-BREF which is an international instrument enabling a reception of a profile of the quality of life within four spheres (physical, social, psychological, and environmental). The scale also includes questions which are analysed separately and which refer to: individual general perception of the quality of life and general perception of one’s own health. The examined community consisted of elderly people having many common features such as – being over sixty years old, being a resident of the above mentioned institutions for at least a month, main source of maintenance – pension or constant benefit. The analysed community consisted of 243 persons. The average age was 72.3. Results: As for life efficiency, a better quality of life is observable among people of better physical fitness. It turned out that the most important factor determining the quality of life was physical strength and life energy, ability to lead a normal life, mobility, and lack of limitations caused by pain. Taking sex into account in case of motor efficiency, a better quality of life is noticeable among men and people under 70.
2013 ASICS Conference / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 16S (2013) e59–e83
changing conditions of physical development. An increasing interest in overweight extent in the population of the youngest derives from the fact, that in many research more and more often a significant percentage of children with high values of BMI indicator is noted down and prognoses indicate further increase. The aim of the paper is the morphological characteristic of the six-year-olds with overweight against a background of the same aged with the proper weight and height proportions. Methods: In the paper the results of the research of the sixyear-old children from randomly chosen nursery schools and primary schools in Poland. The studies were done in 2006 and they comprised 37,340 seven-year-old children. The researched were divided into two groups. The first constituted overweight children, the second comparative group with proper weight and height proportions. The division criterion was the value 85 centyla of BMI indicator of all the researched in the separated in this way groups the basic statistic characteristics were estimated (x, s). The importance of differences between the arithmetic means was evaluated by t-Student test. In the paper the following were taken into account: body height and mass, circumferences: chest, shoulder and waist, fatness elements: thickness of adipose skin folds at the front and back of a shoulder, on the side of a trunk, under the scapula and on the gastrocnemius muscle. Results: The overweight boys were characterized by considerably bigger general body measurements than the comparative group, which confirms the commonly quoted statement about many times higher advancement of the development of the children which reveal higher proportion of fat in the body mass. Among girls the differentiation in the level of the development of the basic morphological parameters was similar to boys. All the differences were statistically significant. Discussion: Our’s research is similar to Reilly’s research on representative probation of 2630 English children shows that stated on the basis of BMI indicator overweight occurred in 22% of the six–seven-year-olds and obesity in 10% of this age group. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.196 58 Physical activity and surgery in mid-aged women T. Pavey ∗ , T. Kolbe-Alexander, G. Peeters, W. Brown University of Queensland, Australia Introduction: Physical activity has been previously associated with a decreased risk in gynecological surgeries (e.g. ovary removal, endometrial ablation) cholecystectomy (gall bladder) and breast surgery (e.g mastectomy, lumpectomy). However, there is currently a lack of research assessing the concurrent association of these surgeries and physical activity, using data gathered from a large representative sample of mid-aged women. The aim of this study is to assess the concurrent longitudinal association between physical activity and cholecystectomy, gynaecological and breast surgeries in mid-aged women. Methods: The study involved 9688 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, who completed triennial surveys from 1998 to 2010. Baseline age in 1998 was 47–52 years. Physical activity was assessed as time spent in walking, moderate and vigorous activity in the previous week, and an index of MET min/week was derived and categorized into one of four levels (none, low activity, meeting guidelines, high activity). Surgery was assessed by the question “In the past three years, have you had any of the following operations”. Generalised estimating
equation models (with 3-year time lag), with adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioural and health-related variables, were used to examine the relationship between physical activity level and surgery risk, with no activity as the referent. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Results: Compared to no physical activity, unadjusted models showed a reduced risk of gynecological surgery for low activity (0.82, 0.70–0.96), meeting guidelines (0.74, 0.63–0.87) and high activity (0.74, 0.64–0.86), with adjusted models showing similar results. Only high levels of physical activity showed a reduced risk of cholecystectomy (0.66, 0.53–0.84) compared to no physical activity. This became borderline significant (0.67, 0.61–1.02) for the adjusted model. There was no significant risk reduction across physical activity levels with breast surgery. Conclusions: For this age group, even low levels of physical activity appear protective against gynecological surgery, with optimal benefits for those meeting physical activity guidelines. For protection against cholecystectomy, higher levels of physical activity are needed. Our results support the continued promotion of physical activity guidelines for the adult population. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.197 59 Life efficiency and the sense of the quality of life among the elderly people in long-term welfare institutions B. Zboina 1,∗ , H. Krol 2 , G. Nowak-Starz 2 , M. Markowska 2 , E. Ciesla 2 , M. Biskup 2 1 2
John Paul II Catholic University, Lublin, Poland Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Introduction: The definition of the quality of life perceived as an individual’s personal perception of their position in life in the context of culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns gives a new outlook on four spheres and perspectives of people’s life which are exceptionally important at old age. The analysis of academic sources shows the complexity of the problems connected with the quality of life, the process of aging within societies, the organization of health care and welfare for elderly people. The aim of the present dissertation is to present the biopsychological factors which shape the sense of the quality of life among the elderly people in long-term welfare institutions. Research methodology: The research was conducted by means of an interviewing questionnaire technique with the usage of WHOQOL-BREF which is an international instrument enabling a reception of a profile of the quality of life within four spheres (physical, social, psychological, and environmental). The scale also includes questions which are analysed separately and which refer to: individual general perception of the quality of life and general perception of one’s own health. The examined community consisted of elderly people having many common features such as – being over sixty years old, being a resident of the above mentioned institutions for at least a month, main source of maintenance – pension or constant benefit. The analysed community consisted of 243 persons. The average age was 72.3. Results: As for life efficiency, a better quality of life is observable among people of better physical fitness. It turned out that the most important factor determining the quality of life was physical strength and life energy, ability to lead a normal life, mobility, and lack of limitations caused by pain. Taking sex into account in case of motor efficiency, a better quality of life is noticeable among men and people under 70.