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Physical model for control of sheet erosion
140A photography, and ground photography. Western Africa displays more fractal features than the central region. It is suggested that this may be explained in terms of the number and mechanisms of the fracture phases in each region.
Environmental effects, weathering and soil formation See also: 923049 923011
923008 Extensive slumped rock zone on the left abutment, Biyasi
Dam Negi, R S Proc Imtiu Geotedmicol Coxferenee, 1989, Geoteclmiqnes of Problematic Soils mul Rocks, gisakkapatmun, 14-16 December 1989 V1, P473-476. Publ New Delhi: Sarita Prakashan, 1989 During investigations for the Biyasi dam in the Yamuma valley of the Himalayas, a very large slumped zone was identified on the left abutment. The zone covers an area of about 60000 sq m between elevations 600 and 750m and extends some 40115m into the valley slope. A slumped shear into the valley separates the slumped zone from the in situ rocks. The zone shows SW low dipping beds, as compared to NE steeply dipping beds of the in situ rocks, and has distinct physical characteristics with a highly weathered, crushed and sheared nature, with many open discontinuities. Toe cutting of the slope by the river followed by toppling is suggested as a possible cause for the slumped zone.
923009
Geology of B n d n g 0ndoucsia) and its significance for the
devekq~mt of Ban~g City
Sampurno, K Proc 6tk lutermatiomal Congress iuternatiomal Association of F~,i~eriog Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V3, P1697-1703. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 Bandung in West Java lies on the upper course of the Citarum River. It is about 700m above sea level, in a depression surrounded by volcanoes. The geology is predominantly lake deposits over lahar flows then volcanic deposits. Rapid expansion of the city has led to problems such as landslides, erosion, floods, and water table drawdown. The role of geology and hydrology in these events is discussed and measures to prevent their acceleration considered.
923010
Engineering geological characters of Xian ground fissures and the disaster analyses Yuhai Liu; Zhixin Chen; Zhisheng Zhao Proc 6tk latertmtiomd Comgress International Association of ~eriq Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V3, P1781-1786. Publ Rotterdam: A A Baikema. 1990 Seven ground fissure zones became evident in Xian in 1976. Further investigation indicated their initiation probably began in 1959 and continued to 1976, and that fissuring had occurred a number of times in the past. The tectonic setting of the fissure zones, and the slow, creeping fault movement which results in their opening are discussed. Historical periodicity of thsuring and influence of the local soil mass on the surface manifestation of the fissuring are examined. Remedial measures for damage and planning of safe siting of structures in these zones are considered.
Modeling the erosion process over steep slopes: approximate analytical solutions Govindaraju, R S; Kawas, M L J Hydrol V127, N1-4, Oct 1991, P279-305 Soil erosion by water involves detachment of particles and subsequent transport by surface flow. Analytical expressions are developed for the erosion process on steep slopes subject to time-varying rainfall events. The erosion equation is essentially represented as a first order reaction,with reaction rate represented by soil erodibility. Predictions of the approximate analytical method agree well with numerical and experimental results. Accuracy improves with increasing slope length. 923012
Physieal model for control of sheet erosion Owuama, C O Proc 6tk luteruto~ud Comgress lntertmtiomd Associatiou of Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 Augnet 1990 V3, P1689-1696" Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 Sheet erosion, a common hazard in tropical regions, is controlled primarily by rainfall intensity, soil erodibility, and ground slope. A number of erosion indices has been proposed. Vegetation to reduce rainfall kinetic energy and bind the surface, cementation, and interception of surface runoff are used to control erosion. A physical model for erosion control by slope reprofiling is presented. Formulae are developed to enable the subdivision of the slope into areas delineated by macro retaining walls, within which the slope is levelled.
Earthquake mechanisms and effects See also: 923091. 923226, 923229, 923249 923013
Nuclear power station seismic hazard curves in Eastern United States and Uniform Building Code Staub, W P Bull Assoc Engng Geol V28, N3, Aug 1991, P227-233 Bernreuter et al (1989) published seismic hazard curves for 69 nuclear power plants sited on soil or rock. These results were based on independent zonation and seismicity inputs from 16 nationally recognised experts. 85th, 50th, and 15th percentile hazard curves were presented. For a subset of 38 plants sited on rock, these curves are compared to Applied Technology Council (1978) and UBC (1988) curves. The aim is to assess the conservation of ATC and UBC curves which are seismic zone dependent rather than site specific. 923014 Possible connection between three major earthquakes in
California and oil production McGarr, A Boll Seismol Soc Am V81, N3, June 1991, P948-970 Three major earthquakes (magnitudes 5.9-6.5) occurred beneath producing oilfields in the period 1983-1987. Epicentral extents coincided with the oilfields. Because of the difference between earthquake depth (10km) and oil production depth (lkm) causal relations were not considered. The three fields are all situated on anticlines. It is suggested that removal of oil and water from the upper crust lowers average density,
© 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
Environmental effects, weathering and soil formation See also: 923049 923011
923008 Extensive slumped rock zone on the left abutment, Biyasi
Dam Negi, R S Proc Imtiu Geotedmicol Coxferenee, 1989, Geoteclmiqnes of Problematic Soils mul Rocks, gisakkapatmun, 14-16 December 1989 V1, P473-476. Publ New Delhi: Sarita Prakashan, 1989 During investigations for the Biyasi dam in the Yamuma valley of the Himalayas, a very large slumped zone was identified on the left abutment. The zone covers an area of about 60000 sq m between elevations 600 and 750m and extends some 40115m into the valley slope. A slumped shear into the valley separates the slumped zone from the in situ rocks. The zone shows SW low dipping beds, as compared to NE steeply dipping beds of the in situ rocks, and has distinct physical characteristics with a highly weathered, crushed and sheared nature, with many open discontinuities. Toe cutting of the slope by the river followed by toppling is suggested as a possible cause for the slumped zone.
923009
Geology of B n d n g 0ndoucsia) and its significance for the
devekq~mt of Ban~g City
Sampurno, K Proc 6tk lutermatiomal Congress iuternatiomal Association of F~,i~eriog Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V3, P1697-1703. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 Bandung in West Java lies on the upper course of the Citarum River. It is about 700m above sea level, in a depression surrounded by volcanoes. The geology is predominantly lake deposits over lahar flows then volcanic deposits. Rapid expansion of the city has led to problems such as landslides, erosion, floods, and water table drawdown. The role of geology and hydrology in these events is discussed and measures to prevent their acceleration considered.
923010
Engineering geological characters of Xian ground fissures and the disaster analyses Yuhai Liu; Zhixin Chen; Zhisheng Zhao Proc 6tk latertmtiomd Comgress International Association of ~eriq Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 August 1990 V3, P1781-1786. Publ Rotterdam: A A Baikema. 1990 Seven ground fissure zones became evident in Xian in 1976. Further investigation indicated their initiation probably began in 1959 and continued to 1976, and that fissuring had occurred a number of times in the past. The tectonic setting of the fissure zones, and the slow, creeping fault movement which results in their opening are discussed. Historical periodicity of thsuring and influence of the local soil mass on the surface manifestation of the fissuring are examined. Remedial measures for damage and planning of safe siting of structures in these zones are considered.
Modeling the erosion process over steep slopes: approximate analytical solutions Govindaraju, R S; Kawas, M L J Hydrol V127, N1-4, Oct 1991, P279-305 Soil erosion by water involves detachment of particles and subsequent transport by surface flow. Analytical expressions are developed for the erosion process on steep slopes subject to time-varying rainfall events. The erosion equation is essentially represented as a first order reaction,with reaction rate represented by soil erodibility. Predictions of the approximate analytical method agree well with numerical and experimental results. Accuracy improves with increasing slope length. 923012
Physieal model for control of sheet erosion Owuama, C O Proc 6tk luteruto~ud Comgress lntertmtiomd Associatiou of Engineering Geology, Amsterdam, 6-10 Augnet 1990 V3, P1689-1696" Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990 Sheet erosion, a common hazard in tropical regions, is controlled primarily by rainfall intensity, soil erodibility, and ground slope. A number of erosion indices has been proposed. Vegetation to reduce rainfall kinetic energy and bind the surface, cementation, and interception of surface runoff are used to control erosion. A physical model for erosion control by slope reprofiling is presented. Formulae are developed to enable the subdivision of the slope into areas delineated by macro retaining walls, within which the slope is levelled.
Earthquake mechanisms and effects See also: 923091. 923226, 923229, 923249 923013
Nuclear power station seismic hazard curves in Eastern United States and Uniform Building Code Staub, W P Bull Assoc Engng Geol V28, N3, Aug 1991, P227-233 Bernreuter et al (1989) published seismic hazard curves for 69 nuclear power plants sited on soil or rock. These results were based on independent zonation and seismicity inputs from 16 nationally recognised experts. 85th, 50th, and 15th percentile hazard curves were presented. For a subset of 38 plants sited on rock, these curves are compared to Applied Technology Council (1978) and UBC (1988) curves. The aim is to assess the conservation of ATC and UBC curves which are seismic zone dependent rather than site specific. 923014 Possible connection between three major earthquakes in
California and oil production McGarr, A Boll Seismol Soc Am V81, N3, June 1991, P948-970 Three major earthquakes (magnitudes 5.9-6.5) occurred beneath producing oilfields in the period 1983-1987. Epicentral extents coincided with the oilfields. Because of the difference between earthquake depth (10km) and oil production depth (lkm) causal relations were not considered. The three fields are all situated on anticlines. It is suggested that removal of oil and water from the upper crust lowers average density,
© 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted