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Physical processes in tidal estuaries in relation to the monitoring of water quality
OLR (1981)28(12)
897
E410. Miscellaneous 81:6779 Prescott, J.H., 1981. Clever Hans: training the trainers, or the potential for misinterpreting the results of dolphin research. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 364:130-136. While J.C. Lilly was reporting on the porpoises' capability to learn and repeat words (and speculating on their use of language), a dolphin trainer from Fort Lauderdale was also teaching a dolphin 'language.' He got it to say 'happy birthday' to members of the audience who raised their hands, and to ask for 'more fish' if he wanted it to perform another trick. The trainer knew, however, exactly what he was doing (conditioning to mimicry), and whom he was fooling. 'Clever Hans' phenomena --the misinterpretation of behavioral interactions through preconceived and incomplete notions of the process--have only recently been part of the discussion on porpoise communication. The observations offered here are not 'to serve as conclusions
relative to cetacean research...but rather to raise cautions and awareness.' New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, Mass. 02110, USA. (fcs) 81: 6780 Pryor, Karen, 1981. Why porpoise trainers are not dolphin lovers: real and false communication in the operant setting. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 364: 137-143, Most porpoise trainers fix the intelligence of the porpoise as 'between that of a do~ and a chimpanzee.' None rate it higher than a chimpanzee; several rate it only equal to a dog. Many prefer to train seals or birds or other animals. As for interspecies communication, it's best accomplished with 'a whistle and a bucket of fish.' Operantly conditioned responses can be very sophisticated; represent, in fact, 'heightened communication'; but without twisting the meaning of the word 'language,' ought not to be confused with that term. 28 E. Tenth St., N.Y., NY 10003, USA. (fcs)
F. GENERAL
F10. Apparatus, methods, mathematics (multidisciplinary) 81:6781 Anonymous, 1981. Product review. Scientific photography. Photomicrography, endoscopes, automatic exposure, image digitizer, portable stroboscope, and photogrammetry. Nature, Lond., 291(5817):p.xv. 81:6782 Grossi, R.O. and L. Ercoli, 1981. Dynamic analysis of a type of problem arising when lowering a buoy system. Ocean Engng, 8(3):211-219. A cable system which carries several concentrated masses and is lowered at a constant speed is modelled; stresses resulting from a sudden stop (malfunction) can be predicted. Mech. Syst. Group, Univ. Tecnologica Nacional, Bahia Blanca, 8000 Argentina. 81:6783 Krause, G., 1981. Physical processes in tidal estuaries
in relation to the monitoring of water quality. Ocean Mgmt, 6(4):299-314. Mixing in a tidal estuary is examined via relatively simple, rapid salinity measurements; external forces control the processes with efficiency determined by the strength of the tidal energy. Weak long-term trends can be recovered from a complete mixing equation and flux model, allowing anthropogenic input to be differentiated from other factors affecting variability. Inst. fur Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, Am Handelshafen 12, 2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. (rjs)
81:6784 Orr, M.H. and C.L. Winget, 1981. A six-port underway water sampling system. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 15(1):26-30. The system's six 150 m lengths of T F E teflon hose and 6 water pumps (constructed with polypropylene housings) allow variable depth (0-100 m) uncontaminated seawater samples to be obtained underway (0-2 m/s), Configuration, operating characteristics
897
E410. Miscellaneous 81:6779 Prescott, J.H., 1981. Clever Hans: training the trainers, or the potential for misinterpreting the results of dolphin research. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 364:130-136. While J.C. Lilly was reporting on the porpoises' capability to learn and repeat words (and speculating on their use of language), a dolphin trainer from Fort Lauderdale was also teaching a dolphin 'language.' He got it to say 'happy birthday' to members of the audience who raised their hands, and to ask for 'more fish' if he wanted it to perform another trick. The trainer knew, however, exactly what he was doing (conditioning to mimicry), and whom he was fooling. 'Clever Hans' phenomena --the misinterpretation of behavioral interactions through preconceived and incomplete notions of the process--have only recently been part of the discussion on porpoise communication. The observations offered here are not 'to serve as conclusions
relative to cetacean research...but rather to raise cautions and awareness.' New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, Mass. 02110, USA. (fcs) 81: 6780 Pryor, Karen, 1981. Why porpoise trainers are not dolphin lovers: real and false communication in the operant setting. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 364: 137-143, Most porpoise trainers fix the intelligence of the porpoise as 'between that of a do~ and a chimpanzee.' None rate it higher than a chimpanzee; several rate it only equal to a dog. Many prefer to train seals or birds or other animals. As for interspecies communication, it's best accomplished with 'a whistle and a bucket of fish.' Operantly conditioned responses can be very sophisticated; represent, in fact, 'heightened communication'; but without twisting the meaning of the word 'language,' ought not to be confused with that term. 28 E. Tenth St., N.Y., NY 10003, USA. (fcs)
F. GENERAL
F10. Apparatus, methods, mathematics (multidisciplinary) 81:6781 Anonymous, 1981. Product review. Scientific photography. Photomicrography, endoscopes, automatic exposure, image digitizer, portable stroboscope, and photogrammetry. Nature, Lond., 291(5817):p.xv. 81:6782 Grossi, R.O. and L. Ercoli, 1981. Dynamic analysis of a type of problem arising when lowering a buoy system. Ocean Engng, 8(3):211-219. A cable system which carries several concentrated masses and is lowered at a constant speed is modelled; stresses resulting from a sudden stop (malfunction) can be predicted. Mech. Syst. Group, Univ. Tecnologica Nacional, Bahia Blanca, 8000 Argentina. 81:6783 Krause, G., 1981. Physical processes in tidal estuaries
in relation to the monitoring of water quality. Ocean Mgmt, 6(4):299-314. Mixing in a tidal estuary is examined via relatively simple, rapid salinity measurements; external forces control the processes with efficiency determined by the strength of the tidal energy. Weak long-term trends can be recovered from a complete mixing equation and flux model, allowing anthropogenic input to be differentiated from other factors affecting variability. Inst. fur Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, Am Handelshafen 12, 2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. (rjs)
81:6784 Orr, M.H. and C.L. Winget, 1981. A six-port underway water sampling system. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 15(1):26-30. The system's six 150 m lengths of T F E teflon hose and 6 water pumps (constructed with polypropylene housings) allow variable depth (0-100 m) uncontaminated seawater samples to be obtained underway (0-2 m/s), Configuration, operating characteristics