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Physiological significance of sleep
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B-14.07 THE INFLUENCE OF TRYPTOPHAN LOADING ON EEG IN PATIENTS WITH ENOOGENOUS PSYCHOSIS. K. Ernst, I. Gorynia, K. Haase, and R. Uebelhack (Berlin, GDR) The effects of a tryptophan-load (50mg/kg) on bioelectrical cortical activity were investigated in patients with endogenous psychosis and in healthy control persons. The results of EEG analysis before and one hour after applying the load were correlated with clinical and biochemIn all subjects tryptophan afical findings. fected the bioelectrical cortical activity. The effects correlate with the clinical and biochemical data: thus it could be Droved that after applying the load the rises in the frequency of 4 - 7c/sec and 8 -9 c/set waves were higher in the EEGs of patients than of healthy controls. The study demonstrates that the tryptophan-load elicits pathological EEG changes which are more pronounced in patients with endogenous psychosis than in healthy controls. D-6.01 PHYSIOLOGICAL Moiseeva (Leningrad,
SIGNIFICANCE USSR)
OF SLEEP. N.I.
Sleep is a physiological process which originated twice during evolution: in birds and in mammals; its development proceeded parallel to the formation of other circadian rhythms which constitute in the organism a complex temporal structure. The latter can only be altered to some admissible extent. On the grounds of EEG changes during sleep, circadian rhythms of the cardio-vascular parameters after transmeridian flightsand onthe ground of investigations into activity of deep brain structures of patients treated by means of indwelling electrodes, we suggest that sleep is a process of biorhythm regulation according to a genetically inherent program, undergoing correction with regard to changing conditions. In this process, slow-wave sleep, during which a functional dissociation of structures occurs, maintains regulation of spontaneous oscillations of function in separate structures, organs and tissues; paradoxical sleep (charactized by a high correlation of activity in a number of structures) maintains regulation of phase interrelationships among different biorhythms. B-7.02 VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS TO HEMIFIELD PATTERN STIMULATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RETROCHIASMATIC LESIONS. Y. Kuroiwa (Hamamatsu: Japan) and G.C. Celesia (Madison, WIS, USA) Visual evoked potentials (VEP) to hemifield pattern stimulation were recorded in 47 subjects subdivided into three groups: 1 (healthy adults) 2 (retrochiasmatic lesions resulting in homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia) and 3 (ocular or optic nerve lesions). The Lateral Occipital Ratio (LOR) was defined as the amplitude of the transient VEP at the lateral occi-
pital region contralateral to hemifield stimulated, divided by the amplitude of the ipsilateral transient VEP at the lateral occipital region. The Midline Occipital Ratio (MOR) was defined as the amplitude of the steadystate VEP at the midoccipital electrode during right hemifield stimulation, divided by the amplitude of steadystate VEP at the midoccipital electrode during left hemifield stimulation. The use of multiple parameters of visual stimulation produced the following profile suggestive of retrochiasmatic lesions. It included: 1) very low amplitude or absent VEP to stimulation of affected hemifield; 2) abnormal LOR (normal, 0.61 + 0.30); 3) abnormal MOR (normal, 0.98 + 0.28). Lastly we found delayed latencies of transient VEPs to full- or hemifield stimulation in 25% of cases in Group 2. Delayed VEPs can be reliable indicators of ocular or optic nerve lesions only when amplitude distribution to hemifield stimulation is evaluated. c-2.03 COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF EMG. M. Gadea-Ciria and T. Suarez Fernandez (Bilbao, Spain) Several programs for a PDP-11 computer are presented for clinical and research studies of the peripheral nervous system. A) A software delay line allows us to study in detail the number of phases, zero-crossings, amplitudes, durations of individual components of the motor U.P., up E$ A program calculates to 50 in each muscle. conduction velocities,, latencies and durations of motor or sensory responses between an optional number of points. Correlations of stored data with other parameters: temperature, age, etc. are possible. C) Decrement program: first a single response to a suoramaximal stimulus A train of 3.C/set stimuli and calwas stored. culation of V5/VI amplitude of 5 responses versus a first one was obtained. Subsequently an ootional number of V5/VI (several minutes after post-tetanic stimulation or after ischaemia, D) Motor unit counting. A, etc.) were printed. program obtained 15 "templates" to graduated stimulation starting with minimal response. A substraction program (each template from the following) printed individual components: duration, latency, amplitude. Also given was the number of M.U. following a supramaximal stimulus. E) Refractory period: a substraction program anowed us to calculate the amplitude of responses following a conditioning shock. F) Rectified and averaged EMG, in 500 msec for-up to 200 sequences. B-7.09 CLINICAL AND RESEARCH STUDIES OF VISUAL EVOKED RESPONSES (VER). M. Perez Arroyo, P. Madoz, T. Suarez and M. Gadea-Ciria (Bilbao, Spain)
Research studies have been performed in normal and pathological subjects. Responses to pattern reversal and flashes were averaged simultane-
B-14.07 THE INFLUENCE OF TRYPTOPHAN LOADING ON EEG IN PATIENTS WITH ENOOGENOUS PSYCHOSIS. K. Ernst, I. Gorynia, K. Haase, and R. Uebelhack (Berlin, GDR) The effects of a tryptophan-load (50mg/kg) on bioelectrical cortical activity were investigated in patients with endogenous psychosis and in healthy control persons. The results of EEG analysis before and one hour after applying the load were correlated with clinical and biochemIn all subjects tryptophan afical findings. fected the bioelectrical cortical activity. The effects correlate with the clinical and biochemical data: thus it could be Droved that after applying the load the rises in the frequency of 4 - 7c/sec and 8 -9 c/set waves were higher in the EEGs of patients than of healthy controls. The study demonstrates that the tryptophan-load elicits pathological EEG changes which are more pronounced in patients with endogenous psychosis than in healthy controls. D-6.01 PHYSIOLOGICAL Moiseeva (Leningrad,
SIGNIFICANCE USSR)
OF SLEEP. N.I.
Sleep is a physiological process which originated twice during evolution: in birds and in mammals; its development proceeded parallel to the formation of other circadian rhythms which constitute in the organism a complex temporal structure. The latter can only be altered to some admissible extent. On the grounds of EEG changes during sleep, circadian rhythms of the cardio-vascular parameters after transmeridian flightsand onthe ground of investigations into activity of deep brain structures of patients treated by means of indwelling electrodes, we suggest that sleep is a process of biorhythm regulation according to a genetically inherent program, undergoing correction with regard to changing conditions. In this process, slow-wave sleep, during which a functional dissociation of structures occurs, maintains regulation of spontaneous oscillations of function in separate structures, organs and tissues; paradoxical sleep (charactized by a high correlation of activity in a number of structures) maintains regulation of phase interrelationships among different biorhythms. B-7.02 VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS TO HEMIFIELD PATTERN STIMULATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RETROCHIASMATIC LESIONS. Y. Kuroiwa (Hamamatsu: Japan) and G.C. Celesia (Madison, WIS, USA) Visual evoked potentials (VEP) to hemifield pattern stimulation were recorded in 47 subjects subdivided into three groups: 1 (healthy adults) 2 (retrochiasmatic lesions resulting in homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia) and 3 (ocular or optic nerve lesions). The Lateral Occipital Ratio (LOR) was defined as the amplitude of the transient VEP at the lateral occi-
pital region contralateral to hemifield stimulated, divided by the amplitude of the ipsilateral transient VEP at the lateral occipital region. The Midline Occipital Ratio (MOR) was defined as the amplitude of the steadystate VEP at the midoccipital electrode during right hemifield stimulation, divided by the amplitude of steadystate VEP at the midoccipital electrode during left hemifield stimulation. The use of multiple parameters of visual stimulation produced the following profile suggestive of retrochiasmatic lesions. It included: 1) very low amplitude or absent VEP to stimulation of affected hemifield; 2) abnormal LOR (normal, 0.61 + 0.30); 3) abnormal MOR (normal, 0.98 + 0.28). Lastly we found delayed latencies of transient VEPs to full- or hemifield stimulation in 25% of cases in Group 2. Delayed VEPs can be reliable indicators of ocular or optic nerve lesions only when amplitude distribution to hemifield stimulation is evaluated. c-2.03 COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF EMG. M. Gadea-Ciria and T. Suarez Fernandez (Bilbao, Spain) Several programs for a PDP-11 computer are presented for clinical and research studies of the peripheral nervous system. A) A software delay line allows us to study in detail the number of phases, zero-crossings, amplitudes, durations of individual components of the motor U.P., up E$ A program calculates to 50 in each muscle. conduction velocities,, latencies and durations of motor or sensory responses between an optional number of points. Correlations of stored data with other parameters: temperature, age, etc. are possible. C) Decrement program: first a single response to a suoramaximal stimulus A train of 3.C/set stimuli and calwas stored. culation of V5/VI amplitude of 5 responses versus a first one was obtained. Subsequently an ootional number of V5/VI (several minutes after post-tetanic stimulation or after ischaemia, D) Motor unit counting. A, etc.) were printed. program obtained 15 "templates" to graduated stimulation starting with minimal response. A substraction program (each template from the following) printed individual components: duration, latency, amplitude. Also given was the number of M.U. following a supramaximal stimulus. E) Refractory period: a substraction program anowed us to calculate the amplitude of responses following a conditioning shock. F) Rectified and averaged EMG, in 500 msec for-up to 200 sequences. B-7.09 CLINICAL AND RESEARCH STUDIES OF VISUAL EVOKED RESPONSES (VER). M. Perez Arroyo, P. Madoz, T. Suarez and M. Gadea-Ciria (Bilbao, Spain)
Research studies have been performed in normal and pathological subjects. Responses to pattern reversal and flashes were averaged simultane-