- Email: [email protected]
Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae)
S336
Abstracts
different types of human infections. Because of increased development of antimicrobial drug resistance to presently available antimicrobials, development of new antimicrobial drugs is necessary. Aromatic plants such as Salvia, would be expected to have biological activity. Material and methods: The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus from the aerial parts and roots of Salvia verticillata L. and Salvia xanthocheila Boiss. Ex Benth, were tested against 8 Gram (+/−) bacteria, by measurement of growth inhibitory zones. Microorganisms (obtained from enrichment culture of the microorganisms, in 1 mL of Muller-Hinton broth, incubated at 37 °C for 12 h),were cultured on Muller-Hinton Agar medium. 50 μL of the dissolved essential oils in n-hexane was poured in each well. The diameter of inhibition zones were measured after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Controls were performed with pure nhexane (50 μL) and a standard antibiotic,such as gentamicine (10 μg). Results: Significant antibacterial effect was seen especially on Gram (+) bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus cereus and the Gram (−) bacteria: Escherchia coli. The essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of the two herbs were more effective in comparison with gentamicine and Salvia verticillata showed much more better antibacterial activity. Conclusion: These aromatic plants could be classified as a herbal medicine. Keywords: Salvia verticillata, Salvia xanthocheila, Antibacterial effect, Gram (+/−) bacteria doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.831
Poster – [A-10-480-3] Study of probable effects of papaverine on telomerase activity and immortality of MCF-7 cell line Zahra Sadat Noori, Sakineh Kazemi Noureini Sabzevar Tarbiat Moallem University, Faculty of Sceince, Dept. Biology, Sabzevar, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Z.S. Noori), [email protected] (S.K. Noureini) Introduction: Telomere maintenance is essential for the continued proliferation of dividing cells, and is implicated in chromosome stability and cell immortalization. Telomerase activity, that allows cancer cells to maintain their telomeric DNA for an indefinite replicative capacity, is an attractive target against cancer. Material and Methods: Here we studied the probable effects of papaverine HCl on telomerase activity in MCF-7 cancer cells. Cytotoxicity of the commercially available pure compound papaverine HCl (Sigma) was determined by neutral red uptake and MTT assay. A modified quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to estimate relative telomerase activity in papaverine-treated cells in comparison with the untreated control cells. Results: IC50 of papaverine after 48 h treatment was measured as 120 μM, while at this concentration relative telomerase activity analysis showed telomerase inhibition to almost 25% of untreated control values. Long-term cultivation of the MCF7 cell line with a non-toxic very low concentration of papaverine concentration showed a strong anti-proliferative effect after three weeks. Conclusion: The results presented here indicate that papaverine is a highly potent anti-telomerase among natural compounds with a good potential for further development as a promising anti-cancer agent. Keywords: Telomerase, Cancer, Papaverine doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.832
Poster – [A-10-492-1] Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Hypericum helianthemoides extract by scavenging different free radicals Soheila Moeina, Mahmood Reza Moeinb, Fatemeh Farmanib a 79149–64153, Bandar Abbas, Iran b 71345–1583, Shiraz, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Moein), [email protected] (M.R. Moein) Introduction: Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit the oxidation of macromolecules in the body. In general, there are two basic categories of antioxidants, natural and synthetic. Recently, interest has increased considerably in finding natural antioxidants. In this study, the scavenging of different free radicals such as NO, DPPH and OH radicals by Hypericum helianthemoides extract was evaluated. Methods: The plant was collected from north of Fars Province and plant extraction was obtained using ethanol. In DPPH radical scavenging, the different concentrations of the Hypericum extract were added to DPPH radical. In hydroxyl radical scavenging, Fenton reaction mixture was mixed with Hypericum extract. Then TCA and TBA were added. In nitric radical scavenging, nitropruside was mixed with extract and then sulphanilic acid, naphthylenediamine was added. The data were analyzed for statistical significancy using one way ANOVA P value less than 0.05 was considered significance. Results: Th e IC50 of Hypericum extract (299.8 ± 7.48) was higher than antioxidant standards, BHT (IC50 = 81.9 ± 2.6) and quercetin (IC50 = 60.04 ± 6.48). It means that DPPH radical scavenging was lower in plant extract (P < 0.05). The highest scavenging of hydroxyl free radical in Hypericum extract was (70.3 ± 0.82%) in 12.5 μg/ml and in antioxidant standard, gallic acid it was (74.18 ± 6.8%) in 31 μg/ml. In 200 μg/ml Hypericum extract scavenges NO radical (85.2 ± 2.7%). Conclusion: Hypericum extract possesses antioxidant activity and could scavenge free radicals. Keywords: Hypericum helianthemoides extract, Radical scavenging doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.833
Poster – [A-10-531-2] Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) Seifollah Bahramikia, Razieh Yazdanparast Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Teharn, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Bahramikia), [email protected] (R. Yazdanparast) Abstract: Teucrium polium L. (family Lamiaceae) is a wild-growing flowering plant, found abundantly in South-Western Asia, Europe and North Africa. Traditionally, in these countries, T. polium has been used for various types of pathological conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders, inflammations, diabetes and rheumatism. In traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) the tea of T. polium is used for treating many diseases such as abdominal pain, indigestion, common cold, and urogenital diseases. In addition, the aqueous extract of the dried aerial parts of T. polium is used by many type 2 diabetic patients particularly in Southern Iran. Based on this background, numerous studies by many independent groups have been followed for scientific confirmation of the above-mentioned properties. In this review 124 articles published from 1967 to 2010 have been evaluated to update our knowledge on phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of different extracts and compounds isolated from T. polium. During the past 40 years, several different classes of compounds have been isolated from various parts of T. polium of which the main groups are terpens, terpenoids,
Abstracts
S337
flavonoids and iridoids. The different extracts and individual compounds derived from this plant have been found to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects including antioxidant and free radical scavenging, cytotoxic, anticancer, antimutagenic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-ulcer, antibacterial and antifungal. The results of data analyses on the chemical, pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of T. polium support the view that this plant has beneficial therapeutic properties and indicate its potential as an effective adaptogenic herbal remedy. However, further studies to identify the active components and further verify their relevant pharmacological activities are warranted.
Materials and Methods: In this study we investigated the antinociceptive of Ferula assafetida by thermal and acid acetic induced pain. Ferula assa foetida gum was dissolved in distillated water and injected i.p to mice at three doses (25, 50,100 mg/body weight) 15 minute before initial of experiment. Acetic acid induced Writhing and hot-plate tests were employed to study the analgesic compared with that of diclofenac sodium (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (8 mg/kg, i.p). Results and Conclusion: Ferula assafoetida gum exhibited a significant antinociceptive effect in chronic and acute pain in mice.
Keywords: T. polium, Lamiaceae, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.836
Keywords: Ferula assafoetida, Antinociceptive, Hot plate, Writhing test
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.834
Poster – [A-10-579-1] Antinociceptive effect of Astragalus gummifera gum in mice Majid Bagheria, Leylahossain Keyhanib, Mohamad Hossein Dashtia a Yazd, Iran b Shiraz, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Bagheri), [email protected] (L. Keyhani), [email protected] (M.H. Dashti) Introduction: Astragalus L. is the largest genus of flowering plants, containing up to 3000 species. This genus is a member of the legume family (Fabaceae). Astragalus species represent a very old and well known drug in traditional medicine for its usage as an antiperspirant, tonic and diuretic. It has also been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, nephritis, leukemia and uterine cancer. Materials and methods: In this study we investigated the antinociceptive of several concentration (125, 250 and 500 μg/body weight) of Astragalus gummifera gum by thermal and acid acetic induced pain. Astragalus gummifera gum was dissolved in distillated water and injected i.p to male mice 15 minute before initial of experiment. Acetic acid induced Writhing and hot-plate tests were employed to study the analgesic compared with that of diclofenac sodium (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (8 mg/kg, i.p). Result and Conclusion: In this study Astragalus gummifera gum exhibited a significant antinociceptive effect in chronic and acute pain in mice. Keywords: Astragalus gummifera, Hot-plate, Writing, Pain doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.835
Poster – [A-10-579-2] Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Ferula assafoetida gum Majid Bagheri, Mohamad Hossein Dashti, Abbas Morshedi Yazd, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Bagheri), [email protected] (M.H. Dashti), [email protected] (A. Morshedi) Introduction: Plants of the genus Ferula belongs to the family Apiaceae, and has about 130 species that distributed throughout Central Asia and Mediterranean area and grows wild in Iran and Afghanistan. Ferula assafoetida is considered to be sedative, carminative, antispasmodic, diuretic, anthelmintic, and emmenagogue, as well as expectorant.
Poster – [A-10-585-2] Acute action of Nigella sativa ethanolic-aqueous extract on clearance tests in renal ischemic–reperfusion model in the rat Havakhah Shahrzada, KhajaviRad Abolfazlb, Hajzadeh Mousalrezab, Mohamadian Roshan Naamac, Sadeghnia Hamid Rezad, Moharreri Nargese, Hoseinian Sarab, Shafiee Somayehb, Aamel Zabihi Nargesb, Shahraki Samirab a Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b Department of Physiology, Mashhad Medicine School, Iran c Department of Pathology, Mashhad Medicine School, Iran d Department of Pharmacology, Mashhad Medicine School, Iran e Mashhad Pharmacology School, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Shahrzad), [email protected] (K.R. Abolfazl), [email protected] (H. Mousalreza), [email protected] (M.R. Naama), [email protected] (S.H. Reza), [email protected] (M. Narges), [email protected] (H. Sara), [email protected] (S. Somayeh), [email protected] (A.Z. Narges), [email protected] (S. Samira) Background: Renal ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to acute renal failure. Hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in complex pathophysiologic processes of renal damage. Nigella sativa (NS) has been subjected to several pharmacological investigations that have revealed its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in different conditions. There are a few previously reported studies about NS effect on ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury of kidneys. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible acute effects of NS seeds on I/ R-induced renal injury in rats. Methods: Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control, I/R, preventive 150, preventive 300, treatment 150, and treatment 300 mg/kg BW. 70% ethanolic extract of NS was prepared and administrated via jugular catheter. Each group went through 4 phases: control, ischemic, reperfusion 1, and reperfusion 2. Urine via bladder catheter and blood samples from carotid canula were collected at the end of each phase. Urine and blood concentrations of creatinine, urea, glucose, protein, sodium and potassium were determined. GFR, urine excretion rate of protein, glucose, urea, sodium and potassium were then calculated. Results: There were no changes in GFR and potassium excretion rate in various phases of ischemic rats. In all groups, protein and sodium excretion rate had no changes in different phases. However, there was a significant decrease for urea excretion rate in reperfusion toward control phases among all groups. Conclusions: The current study was not able to show acute beneficial action of NS extract on kidney function determined by
Abstracts
different types of human infections. Because of increased development of antimicrobial drug resistance to presently available antimicrobials, development of new antimicrobial drugs is necessary. Aromatic plants such as Salvia, would be expected to have biological activity. Material and methods: The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus from the aerial parts and roots of Salvia verticillata L. and Salvia xanthocheila Boiss. Ex Benth, were tested against 8 Gram (+/−) bacteria, by measurement of growth inhibitory zones. Microorganisms (obtained from enrichment culture of the microorganisms, in 1 mL of Muller-Hinton broth, incubated at 37 °C for 12 h),were cultured on Muller-Hinton Agar medium. 50 μL of the dissolved essential oils in n-hexane was poured in each well. The diameter of inhibition zones were measured after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Controls were performed with pure nhexane (50 μL) and a standard antibiotic,such as gentamicine (10 μg). Results: Significant antibacterial effect was seen especially on Gram (+) bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus cereus and the Gram (−) bacteria: Escherchia coli. The essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of the two herbs were more effective in comparison with gentamicine and Salvia verticillata showed much more better antibacterial activity. Conclusion: These aromatic plants could be classified as a herbal medicine. Keywords: Salvia verticillata, Salvia xanthocheila, Antibacterial effect, Gram (+/−) bacteria doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.831
Poster – [A-10-480-3] Study of probable effects of papaverine on telomerase activity and immortality of MCF-7 cell line Zahra Sadat Noori, Sakineh Kazemi Noureini Sabzevar Tarbiat Moallem University, Faculty of Sceince, Dept. Biology, Sabzevar, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Z.S. Noori), [email protected] (S.K. Noureini) Introduction: Telomere maintenance is essential for the continued proliferation of dividing cells, and is implicated in chromosome stability and cell immortalization. Telomerase activity, that allows cancer cells to maintain their telomeric DNA for an indefinite replicative capacity, is an attractive target against cancer. Material and Methods: Here we studied the probable effects of papaverine HCl on telomerase activity in MCF-7 cancer cells. Cytotoxicity of the commercially available pure compound papaverine HCl (Sigma) was determined by neutral red uptake and MTT assay. A modified quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to estimate relative telomerase activity in papaverine-treated cells in comparison with the untreated control cells. Results: IC50 of papaverine after 48 h treatment was measured as 120 μM, while at this concentration relative telomerase activity analysis showed telomerase inhibition to almost 25% of untreated control values. Long-term cultivation of the MCF7 cell line with a non-toxic very low concentration of papaverine concentration showed a strong anti-proliferative effect after three weeks. Conclusion: The results presented here indicate that papaverine is a highly potent anti-telomerase among natural compounds with a good potential for further development as a promising anti-cancer agent. Keywords: Telomerase, Cancer, Papaverine doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.832
Poster – [A-10-492-1] Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Hypericum helianthemoides extract by scavenging different free radicals Soheila Moeina, Mahmood Reza Moeinb, Fatemeh Farmanib a 79149–64153, Bandar Abbas, Iran b 71345–1583, Shiraz, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Moein), [email protected] (M.R. Moein) Introduction: Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit the oxidation of macromolecules in the body. In general, there are two basic categories of antioxidants, natural and synthetic. Recently, interest has increased considerably in finding natural antioxidants. In this study, the scavenging of different free radicals such as NO, DPPH and OH radicals by Hypericum helianthemoides extract was evaluated. Methods: The plant was collected from north of Fars Province and plant extraction was obtained using ethanol. In DPPH radical scavenging, the different concentrations of the Hypericum extract were added to DPPH radical. In hydroxyl radical scavenging, Fenton reaction mixture was mixed with Hypericum extract. Then TCA and TBA were added. In nitric radical scavenging, nitropruside was mixed with extract and then sulphanilic acid, naphthylenediamine was added. The data were analyzed for statistical significancy using one way ANOVA P value less than 0.05 was considered significance. Results: Th e IC50 of Hypericum extract (299.8 ± 7.48) was higher than antioxidant standards, BHT (IC50 = 81.9 ± 2.6) and quercetin (IC50 = 60.04 ± 6.48). It means that DPPH radical scavenging was lower in plant extract (P < 0.05). The highest scavenging of hydroxyl free radical in Hypericum extract was (70.3 ± 0.82%) in 12.5 μg/ml and in antioxidant standard, gallic acid it was (74.18 ± 6.8%) in 31 μg/ml. In 200 μg/ml Hypericum extract scavenges NO radical (85.2 ± 2.7%). Conclusion: Hypericum extract possesses antioxidant activity and could scavenge free radicals. Keywords: Hypericum helianthemoides extract, Radical scavenging doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.833
Poster – [A-10-531-2] Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) Seifollah Bahramikia, Razieh Yazdanparast Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Teharn, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Bahramikia), [email protected] (R. Yazdanparast) Abstract: Teucrium polium L. (family Lamiaceae) is a wild-growing flowering plant, found abundantly in South-Western Asia, Europe and North Africa. Traditionally, in these countries, T. polium has been used for various types of pathological conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders, inflammations, diabetes and rheumatism. In traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) the tea of T. polium is used for treating many diseases such as abdominal pain, indigestion, common cold, and urogenital diseases. In addition, the aqueous extract of the dried aerial parts of T. polium is used by many type 2 diabetic patients particularly in Southern Iran. Based on this background, numerous studies by many independent groups have been followed for scientific confirmation of the above-mentioned properties. In this review 124 articles published from 1967 to 2010 have been evaluated to update our knowledge on phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of different extracts and compounds isolated from T. polium. During the past 40 years, several different classes of compounds have been isolated from various parts of T. polium of which the main groups are terpens, terpenoids,
Abstracts
S337
flavonoids and iridoids. The different extracts and individual compounds derived from this plant have been found to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects including antioxidant and free radical scavenging, cytotoxic, anticancer, antimutagenic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-ulcer, antibacterial and antifungal. The results of data analyses on the chemical, pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of T. polium support the view that this plant has beneficial therapeutic properties and indicate its potential as an effective adaptogenic herbal remedy. However, further studies to identify the active components and further verify their relevant pharmacological activities are warranted.
Materials and Methods: In this study we investigated the antinociceptive of Ferula assafetida by thermal and acid acetic induced pain. Ferula assa foetida gum was dissolved in distillated water and injected i.p to mice at three doses (25, 50,100 mg/body weight) 15 minute before initial of experiment. Acetic acid induced Writhing and hot-plate tests were employed to study the analgesic compared with that of diclofenac sodium (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (8 mg/kg, i.p). Results and Conclusion: Ferula assafoetida gum exhibited a significant antinociceptive effect in chronic and acute pain in mice.
Keywords: T. polium, Lamiaceae, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.836
Keywords: Ferula assafoetida, Antinociceptive, Hot plate, Writhing test
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.834
Poster – [A-10-579-1] Antinociceptive effect of Astragalus gummifera gum in mice Majid Bagheria, Leylahossain Keyhanib, Mohamad Hossein Dashtia a Yazd, Iran b Shiraz, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Bagheri), [email protected] (L. Keyhani), [email protected] (M.H. Dashti) Introduction: Astragalus L. is the largest genus of flowering plants, containing up to 3000 species. This genus is a member of the legume family (Fabaceae). Astragalus species represent a very old and well known drug in traditional medicine for its usage as an antiperspirant, tonic and diuretic. It has also been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, nephritis, leukemia and uterine cancer. Materials and methods: In this study we investigated the antinociceptive of several concentration (125, 250 and 500 μg/body weight) of Astragalus gummifera gum by thermal and acid acetic induced pain. Astragalus gummifera gum was dissolved in distillated water and injected i.p to male mice 15 minute before initial of experiment. Acetic acid induced Writhing and hot-plate tests were employed to study the analgesic compared with that of diclofenac sodium (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (8 mg/kg, i.p). Result and Conclusion: In this study Astragalus gummifera gum exhibited a significant antinociceptive effect in chronic and acute pain in mice. Keywords: Astragalus gummifera, Hot-plate, Writing, Pain doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.835
Poster – [A-10-579-2] Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Ferula assafoetida gum Majid Bagheri, Mohamad Hossein Dashti, Abbas Morshedi Yazd, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Bagheri), [email protected] (M.H. Dashti), [email protected] (A. Morshedi) Introduction: Plants of the genus Ferula belongs to the family Apiaceae, and has about 130 species that distributed throughout Central Asia and Mediterranean area and grows wild in Iran and Afghanistan. Ferula assafoetida is considered to be sedative, carminative, antispasmodic, diuretic, anthelmintic, and emmenagogue, as well as expectorant.
Poster – [A-10-585-2] Acute action of Nigella sativa ethanolic-aqueous extract on clearance tests in renal ischemic–reperfusion model in the rat Havakhah Shahrzada, KhajaviRad Abolfazlb, Hajzadeh Mousalrezab, Mohamadian Roshan Naamac, Sadeghnia Hamid Rezad, Moharreri Nargese, Hoseinian Sarab, Shafiee Somayehb, Aamel Zabihi Nargesb, Shahraki Samirab a Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b Department of Physiology, Mashhad Medicine School, Iran c Department of Pathology, Mashhad Medicine School, Iran d Department of Pharmacology, Mashhad Medicine School, Iran e Mashhad Pharmacology School, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Shahrzad), [email protected] (K.R. Abolfazl), [email protected] (H. Mousalreza), [email protected] (M.R. Naama), [email protected] (S.H. Reza), [email protected] (M. Narges), [email protected] (H. Sara), [email protected] (S. Somayeh), [email protected] (A.Z. Narges), [email protected] (S. Samira) Background: Renal ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to acute renal failure. Hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in complex pathophysiologic processes of renal damage. Nigella sativa (NS) has been subjected to several pharmacological investigations that have revealed its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in different conditions. There are a few previously reported studies about NS effect on ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury of kidneys. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible acute effects of NS seeds on I/ R-induced renal injury in rats. Methods: Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control, I/R, preventive 150, preventive 300, treatment 150, and treatment 300 mg/kg BW. 70% ethanolic extract of NS was prepared and administrated via jugular catheter. Each group went through 4 phases: control, ischemic, reperfusion 1, and reperfusion 2. Urine via bladder catheter and blood samples from carotid canula were collected at the end of each phase. Urine and blood concentrations of creatinine, urea, glucose, protein, sodium and potassium were determined. GFR, urine excretion rate of protein, glucose, urea, sodium and potassium were then calculated. Results: There were no changes in GFR and potassium excretion rate in various phases of ischemic rats. In all groups, protein and sodium excretion rate had no changes in different phases. However, there was a significant decrease for urea excretion rate in reperfusion toward control phases among all groups. Conclusions: The current study was not able to show acute beneficial action of NS extract on kidney function determined by