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Pillar design for frozen placers
132A 864O53
A m b ~ of t k ~ m k md m m a ~ ~qm~im of Y ~ Moutala taft, Nevada Price, R H; Bauer, S J ira.. RtuKeA mid F.qimm4~ ~ is Rock Masses (paper to tke 26tk US Symposimm oR Rock Mocka~es, Rapid City, 26-28 Jeme 1985) VI, P89-96. Publ Rotterdam. A. .4. Balkema, 1985 Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, is a proposed site for a nuclear waste repository. Many measurements have already been made of the mechanical properties of the layered volcanic tuff. Analysis of these has found empirical equations to relate unconfined compressive strength and functional porosity, and that simple theory of elastic composite materials can explain the variation of bulk modulus with functional porosity in terms of a uniform stress model. 864O54 Plllor ~lmiga for froz~ t~-,x'rs Skudrzyk, F J IL" Researek am1 ~ A ~ in Rock Masses (paper to tke 26tk US Symposiwn om Rock M o c k , Rapid City, 26-28 June 1985) VI, P97-110. Publ Rotterdam: .4..4. Baikema, 1985 As surface deposits are becoming depleted, gold-bearing frozen placer deposits must now he exploited by underground mining. A program has been initiated to examine the mechanical properties of frozen gravels to assist placer pillar design. Laboratory testing has measured the effects of strain rate, sample size and shape, ice content, and temperature on stressstrain hehaviour of frozen gravel. Sample preparation and testing are described. Reproducible results were obtained, and suggested temperature and sample volume had the greatest influence on strength. 864O55 Nommmetmt~ eemdtIive laws for ~ Senseny, P E; Simonson, J R
Igradte
IL" ltaewek a~! Faegilttoiq Al~iiemtiem is Rock Masus (paper to t k 26st US Sympmtm, om Rock MeeAm~s, R q i d City, 26-28 ,hme 1983) VI, P377-386. Publ Rotterdam: .4..4. Balkema. 1985 To accurately describe the behaviour of low porosity rocks, constitutive laws must incorporate yield, non-as.ugiated plastic flow, hardening between yield and peak stress and the pressure dependency of strength and elasticity. Two such laws are proposed for Algerie granite, which accurately reproduce observed hehaviour. The parameters in the model were evaluated using data from triaxial compression tests at 20 deg C and confining pressures 0-100MPa. 864056 C m d t m l v e law for ~ ~ Janardhanam, R; Kane, W F
frequency of slick slip oscillations. For the rougher surfaces, shear stress increased with shear displacement for greater normal stress. A constitutive equation was derived, which can be used in incremental form for boundary value problems.
864057 Meamremeat md cahmlation of the ~ highly fraetm~ rock Bauer, S J; Thomas, R K; Ford, L M In: Rcsc~'ch ~¢I
~
A ~
ruCense of a is Rock Masses
(paper to tl~ 26¢k US Sympmimm on Rock Mockat~s, Rapid City, 26-28 Jmte 1985) V1, P523-530. Publ Rotterdam: A. .4. Balkema, 1985 The continuum model of Thomas (1981) for jointed rock masses, based on linear elastic behaviour of the matrix and nonlinear normal and shear behaviour of the fracture planes and used here within a finite element code, has been subject to a validation exercise. The appropriate physical model (thermally fractured specimens of Westerley granite) has been characterised and its mechanical response measured. The mechanical response of the physical model has also been simulated using the Thomas model. Calculated response is in qualitative agreement with laboratory measurements, indicating a reasonable degree of validity for the modelling exercise.
Use of the S d l g t hammer for rock and coal t¢~hag Haramy, K Y; DeMarco, M J In: R ~ aml ~ Appticmio~ is Rock Masses (paper to tke 26tA US ~ om Rock Meckamcs, Rapid C/ty, 26-28 Jmw 1985) V1, P549-555. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1985 The Schmidt hammer can be used for simple, rapid and cost effective non-destructive estimation of the intact rock strength. Four empirical methods of calculating axial compre~ve strength and modulus of elasticity from Schmidt hammer tests are examined. The wide range of results obtained when evaluating these equations with similar input parameters demonstrates the uncertainties associated with rock lithology, test methods and test environments. The UgBM has carried out an extensive test program investigating the use of the Schmidt hammer to characterise coal properties. It is concluded that although this test is not suitable for absolute measurements, it can be used to determine relative values of strength and rock homogeneity.
864O59
Mo~ure mkorlg~ rate ~ l strmltk ~lqrmlati~ of shales Tandanand, S ira." Researck ¢md F,Itlimmm4~ ~ is Rack Manes
e( reek
In: ltes4m,eJ a~! £ q l f a m , t ~ ~ iw Rock Mcmes (paper to tks Mat US gjn~m~bm m Reek Moclm~s, Itccld City, 26-20 J ~ 1985) VI, P395-402. Pubi Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1985 Direct shear tests were carried out on an amphibole Bneiss. Saw cut, natural cleavage and artificially pitted surfaces were examined to deCn~ine the shear hehaviour of rock joints. For smooth surfaces, shear stress increm~ linearly with displacement up to a maximum value where slip occurred. The presence of water decreased the magnitude but increased the
City, 26.20 ~ 1985) VI, P591.600. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1985 The c h a n F in weight of Illinois shaks due to moisture adsorption has been _m,~___,~redand relationships between moisture adsorption and strength reduction have been developed. Experimantal results suggest saturation time for moisture adsorption is 12-14 days. T ~ t modulus and compt~-~ve strength decrease linearly with moisture content. Illinois shales line their strength at water contents around 8% of dry weight. The resuits imply that moisture content of mine roofs is a good predictor of relative stability.
© 1986 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
A m b ~ of t k ~ m k md m m a ~ ~qm~im of Y ~ Moutala taft, Nevada Price, R H; Bauer, S J ira.. RtuKeA mid F.qimm4~ ~ is Rock Masses (paper to tke 26tk US Symposimm oR Rock Mocka~es, Rapid City, 26-28 Jeme 1985) VI, P89-96. Publ Rotterdam. A. .4. Balkema, 1985 Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, is a proposed site for a nuclear waste repository. Many measurements have already been made of the mechanical properties of the layered volcanic tuff. Analysis of these has found empirical equations to relate unconfined compressive strength and functional porosity, and that simple theory of elastic composite materials can explain the variation of bulk modulus with functional porosity in terms of a uniform stress model. 864O54 Plllor ~lmiga for froz~ t~-,x'rs Skudrzyk, F J IL" Researek am1 ~ A ~ in Rock Masses (paper to tke 26tk US Symposiwn om Rock M o c k , Rapid City, 26-28 June 1985) VI, P97-110. Publ Rotterdam: .4..4. Baikema, 1985 As surface deposits are becoming depleted, gold-bearing frozen placer deposits must now he exploited by underground mining. A program has been initiated to examine the mechanical properties of frozen gravels to assist placer pillar design. Laboratory testing has measured the effects of strain rate, sample size and shape, ice content, and temperature on stressstrain hehaviour of frozen gravel. Sample preparation and testing are described. Reproducible results were obtained, and suggested temperature and sample volume had the greatest influence on strength. 864O55 Nommmetmt~ eemdtIive laws for ~ Senseny, P E; Simonson, J R
Igradte
IL" ltaewek a~! Faegilttoiq Al~iiemtiem is Rock Masus (paper to t k 26st US Sympmtm, om Rock MeeAm~s, R q i d City, 26-28 ,hme 1983) VI, P377-386. Publ Rotterdam: .4..4. Balkema. 1985 To accurately describe the behaviour of low porosity rocks, constitutive laws must incorporate yield, non-as.ugiated plastic flow, hardening between yield and peak stress and the pressure dependency of strength and elasticity. Two such laws are proposed for Algerie granite, which accurately reproduce observed hehaviour. The parameters in the model were evaluated using data from triaxial compression tests at 20 deg C and confining pressures 0-100MPa. 864056 C m d t m l v e law for ~ ~ Janardhanam, R; Kane, W F
frequency of slick slip oscillations. For the rougher surfaces, shear stress increased with shear displacement for greater normal stress. A constitutive equation was derived, which can be used in incremental form for boundary value problems.
864057 Meamremeat md cahmlation of the ~ highly fraetm~ rock Bauer, S J; Thomas, R K; Ford, L M In: Rcsc~'ch ~¢I
~
A ~
ruCense of a is Rock Masses
(paper to tl~ 26¢k US Sympmimm on Rock Mockat~s, Rapid City, 26-28 Jmte 1985) V1, P523-530. Publ Rotterdam: A. .4. Balkema, 1985 The continuum model of Thomas (1981) for jointed rock masses, based on linear elastic behaviour of the matrix and nonlinear normal and shear behaviour of the fracture planes and used here within a finite element code, has been subject to a validation exercise. The appropriate physical model (thermally fractured specimens of Westerley granite) has been characterised and its mechanical response measured. The mechanical response of the physical model has also been simulated using the Thomas model. Calculated response is in qualitative agreement with laboratory measurements, indicating a reasonable degree of validity for the modelling exercise.
Use of the S d l g t hammer for rock and coal t¢~hag Haramy, K Y; DeMarco, M J In: R ~ aml ~ Appticmio~ is Rock Masses (paper to tke 26tA US ~ om Rock Meckamcs, Rapid C/ty, 26-28 Jmw 1985) V1, P549-555. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1985 The Schmidt hammer can be used for simple, rapid and cost effective non-destructive estimation of the intact rock strength. Four empirical methods of calculating axial compre~ve strength and modulus of elasticity from Schmidt hammer tests are examined. The wide range of results obtained when evaluating these equations with similar input parameters demonstrates the uncertainties associated with rock lithology, test methods and test environments. The UgBM has carried out an extensive test program investigating the use of the Schmidt hammer to characterise coal properties. It is concluded that although this test is not suitable for absolute measurements, it can be used to determine relative values of strength and rock homogeneity.
864O59
Mo~ure mkorlg~ rate ~ l strmltk ~lqrmlati~ of shales Tandanand, S ira." Researck ¢md F,Itlimmm4~ ~ is Rack Manes
e( reek
In: ltes4m,eJ a~! £ q l f a m , t ~ ~ iw Rock Mcmes (paper to tks Mat US gjn~m~bm m Reek Moclm~s, Itccld City, 26-20 J ~ 1985) VI, P395-402. Pubi Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1985 Direct shear tests were carried out on an amphibole Bneiss. Saw cut, natural cleavage and artificially pitted surfaces were examined to deCn~ine the shear hehaviour of rock joints. For smooth surfaces, shear stress increm~ linearly with displacement up to a maximum value where slip occurred. The presence of water decreased the magnitude but increased the
City, 26.20 ~ 1985) VI, P591.600. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1985 The c h a n F in weight of Illinois shaks due to moisture adsorption has been _m,~___,~redand relationships between moisture adsorption and strength reduction have been developed. Experimantal results suggest saturation time for moisture adsorption is 12-14 days. T ~ t modulus and compt~-~ve strength decrease linearly with moisture content. Illinois shales line their strength at water contents around 8% of dry weight. The resuits imply that moisture content of mine roofs is a good predictor of relative stability.
© 1986 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted