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Pit slope manual, supplement 5-2. Rotational shear sliding: Analysis and computer programs
69A
7741h0 PIT SLOPE MANUAL, S U P ~ 3-3. ~ SITU FTk~n TESTS Gyer~e, M; ! ~ n y i , B Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), report 77-27, May 1977, 177 Describes in situ tests for deformation and strength properties of slope materials and for classification sad characterization of slope materials. Deformation modulus is determined by dilatometer tests in a borehole. In situ direct sheer strength is determined by isolating a suitable specimen throu@h sawing and drilling, snd using in situ Jacks to provide normal and horizontal forces. In situ density is determined by measuring the volume of an excavated hole, and weighing the excavated material. The in situ density of rock can also be determined from production blast holes by weighing the drill cuttings. Auth. Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA OGI 774141 PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPPL~4ENT 3-4. SELECTED SOIL TESTS Gyenge, M; Ladanyi, B Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), report 77-28, May 1977, 18P Describes soil testing methods relevant to open pit mining. For grain size analysis particles are sized by sieving and sedimentation. Consistency limits - shrinkage, plastic and liquid limits - are arbitrary measures of soil behaviour determined by standard soil mechanics procedures. Moisture density relationships when sample material is limited are determined usin~ the Harvard miniature compaction apparatus. Triaxial tests with pore pressure measurement allow the effective stress parameters of soils to be determined; a triaxial cell with pressure monitoring instruments is used. The field vane shear test allows the undrained s t r e n g t h of saturated clay to be determined in sltu. Auth. Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA 0GI 774142 PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPPL~4ENT 3-5. SAMPLING AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION Gyemge, M; Tad~uyi, B Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), report 77-29 May 1977, 30P Sa.~lin6 is influenced by geolog? end geography of a mine site, and by the requirements of design. Rock samples ere usually obtained by coring with diamond drills or occasionally by removing surface blocks. Soil can be sampled by auger or, if undisturbed samples are required, by tube sampler. Undisturbed samples of cohesive soil csn also be obtained by cutting blocks of soil from the side or bottom of a trench. Rock specimens for trlaxlal testing must be carefully ground to produce parallel, flat ends to a close tolerance. Sheer box specimens are carefully aligned and then grouted into the sheer box. "Undisturbed" soll specimens can be cut from field samples with special tools; however some disturbance is inevitable. Clay specimens ~Ast be protected from drying. Auth. Avail: CANMKT, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA OGI
774143 ~IT SLOPE MANUAL, CHAPTER 5. DESIGN Coates, D F Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMRT), report 77-5, March 1977, 126P Gives practical procedures for designing pit walls, describing analyses that use the information provided by the investigaticrm for structural, grot~Idwater end mechanLical properties Appendices cover risk and probability in design, mine planning, and previous slope studies. Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA OGI 7 7 4 1 ~ PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPPL~M~IT 5-2. ROTATIONAL SHEAR SLIDING: ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS Sage, R; Toews, N; Yu, Y Canada Centre for Mineral and Ehergy Technology (CANMET), report 77-17, ~%v 1977, 92P An approximate analysis suitable for h~nd calculation is provided; for more detailed analysis a computer program, SIOPROB, is available and is described in Appendix A. SLOPROB requires as input the distribution of stresses in the slope. This distribution is best obtained by a finite element analysis; a suitable program, SAP2D, is described. In performing rotational shear s~alyses, the designer must also check for the possibility of block flow. This can arise if stress concentrations within the slope - which may be exaggerated by tectonic stresses - give rise to local breskdown of the slope material. This can lead to progressive breakdown of the surrounding rock and eventual instability. The finite element analysis can also be used to investigate stress distribution for block flow analysis. Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA OGI 774145 PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPpLEmENT 5-3. FINANCIAL coMPUTER PROGRAMS Kim, Y C; Cassum, W C; Hall, T E Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), report 77-6, ,May 1977, 18hP The economic a n a l y s i s i s d i v i d e d i n t o two s t a g e s : o n e a s s e s s e s economic b e n e f i t s and costs associated with various slope s~les, t h e s e c o n d d e t e r m i n e s o v e r a l l economic o u t c o m e . Performing the first is mandatory for every design. The concepts incorporated in wall design are: (a) reliability of slopes, (b) integration of the reliabilities into a risk analysis, and (c) quantifying bemefits and costs resulting from slope changes. An example of the economic analysis of a pit wall based on a case study performed for an operatlr~ porphyry copper mine is provided. Appendices A and B contain program users' guides for both benefit-cost analyses and economic risk analyses.
Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Can~ia, KIA OGI
7741h0 PIT SLOPE MANUAL, S U P ~ 3-3. ~ SITU FTk~n TESTS Gyer~e, M; ! ~ n y i , B Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), report 77-27, May 1977, 177 Describes in situ tests for deformation and strength properties of slope materials and for classification sad characterization of slope materials. Deformation modulus is determined by dilatometer tests in a borehole. In situ direct sheer strength is determined by isolating a suitable specimen throu@h sawing and drilling, snd using in situ Jacks to provide normal and horizontal forces. In situ density is determined by measuring the volume of an excavated hole, and weighing the excavated material. The in situ density of rock can also be determined from production blast holes by weighing the drill cuttings. Auth. Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA OGI 774141 PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPPL~4ENT 3-4. SELECTED SOIL TESTS Gyenge, M; Ladanyi, B Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), report 77-28, May 1977, 18P Describes soil testing methods relevant to open pit mining. For grain size analysis particles are sized by sieving and sedimentation. Consistency limits - shrinkage, plastic and liquid limits - are arbitrary measures of soil behaviour determined by standard soil mechanics procedures. Moisture density relationships when sample material is limited are determined usin~ the Harvard miniature compaction apparatus. Triaxial tests with pore pressure measurement allow the effective stress parameters of soils to be determined; a triaxial cell with pressure monitoring instruments is used. The field vane shear test allows the undrained s t r e n g t h of saturated clay to be determined in sltu. Auth. Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA 0GI 774142 PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPPL~4ENT 3-5. SAMPLING AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION Gyemge, M; Tad~uyi, B Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), report 77-29 May 1977, 30P Sa.~lin6 is influenced by geolog? end geography of a mine site, and by the requirements of design. Rock samples ere usually obtained by coring with diamond drills or occasionally by removing surface blocks. Soil can be sampled by auger or, if undisturbed samples are required, by tube sampler. Undisturbed samples of cohesive soil csn also be obtained by cutting blocks of soil from the side or bottom of a trench. Rock specimens for trlaxlal testing must be carefully ground to produce parallel, flat ends to a close tolerance. Sheer box specimens are carefully aligned and then grouted into the sheer box. "Undisturbed" soll specimens can be cut from field samples with special tools; however some disturbance is inevitable. Clay specimens ~Ast be protected from drying. Auth. Avail: CANMKT, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA OGI
774143 ~IT SLOPE MANUAL, CHAPTER 5. DESIGN Coates, D F Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMRT), report 77-5, March 1977, 126P Gives practical procedures for designing pit walls, describing analyses that use the information provided by the investigaticrm for structural, grot~Idwater end mechanLical properties Appendices cover risk and probability in design, mine planning, and previous slope studies. Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA OGI 7 7 4 1 ~ PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPPL~M~IT 5-2. ROTATIONAL SHEAR SLIDING: ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS Sage, R; Toews, N; Yu, Y Canada Centre for Mineral and Ehergy Technology (CANMET), report 77-17, ~%v 1977, 92P An approximate analysis suitable for h~nd calculation is provided; for more detailed analysis a computer program, SIOPROB, is available and is described in Appendix A. SLOPROB requires as input the distribution of stresses in the slope. This distribution is best obtained by a finite element analysis; a suitable program, SAP2D, is described. In performing rotational shear s~alyses, the designer must also check for the possibility of block flow. This can arise if stress concentrations within the slope - which may be exaggerated by tectonic stresses - give rise to local breskdown of the slope material. This can lead to progressive breakdown of the surrounding rock and eventual instability. The finite element analysis can also be used to investigate stress distribution for block flow analysis. Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada, KIA OGI 774145 PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPpLEmENT 5-3. FINANCIAL coMPUTER PROGRAMS Kim, Y C; Cassum, W C; Hall, T E Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), report 77-6, ,May 1977, 18hP The economic a n a l y s i s i s d i v i d e d i n t o two s t a g e s : o n e a s s e s s e s economic b e n e f i t s and costs associated with various slope s~les, t h e s e c o n d d e t e r m i n e s o v e r a l l economic o u t c o m e . Performing the first is mandatory for every design. The concepts incorporated in wall design are: (a) reliability of slopes, (b) integration of the reliabilities into a risk analysis, and (c) quantifying bemefits and costs resulting from slope changes. An example of the economic analysis of a pit wall based on a case study performed for an operatlr~ porphyry copper mine is provided. Appendices A and B contain program users' guides for both benefit-cost analyses and economic risk analyses.
Avail: CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Can~ia, KIA OGI