- Email: [email protected]
Plasma c-reactive protein levels during pregnancy are associated with self-reported diagnoses of depression
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Abstracts / Psychoneuroendocrinology 83S (2017) 1–89
of evidence support the beneficial effects of estrogen on learning and memory. The literature specific to schizophrenia is limited and mixed. Raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has been associated with cognitive improvement in a range of studies, with mixed results in schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to combine our existing datasets to investigate whether adjunctive Raloxifene (120 mg/day) can improve cognitive functioning over 12 weeks in females with schizophrenia and secondly, to determine what factors relate to treatment efficacy. Methods: Ninety-six participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder completed a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Cognition was assessed at baseline and study end using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Results: 46 participants were randomised to adjunctive raloxifene and 50 were randomised to adjunctive placebo. Overall, there were no significant improvements in any of the cognitive domains. Baseline estrogen levels, age and symptoms were associated with a better cognitive response. Conclusions: Cognitive impairments are a central and poorly treated feature of schizophrenia. Raloxifene hydrochloride at 120 mg, has shown some benefits in relation to cognition in a subset of patients: baseline estrogen levels, age and symptom profile predict a beneficial response. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.303 Prenatal Stress and Pregnancy Prenatal testosterone, oxytocin and cortisol levels in relation to prenatal and postnatal paternal involvement Willemijn M. Meijer ∗ , Anna E. van’t Veer, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands E-mail address: [email protected] (W.M. Meijer). Background: Recent research suggests that endocrine levels change during the transition to fatherhood, probably to promote paternal care (Saltzman and Ziegler 2014; Hackett and Rilling, 2014). For example, men’s testosterone levels decline throughout the prenatal period (Edelstein et al., 2015) and from before to after birth (Gettler et al., 2011). We explore the association between fathers’ prenatal hormonal levels and their active involvement with and preparation for parenthood during both the prenatal and postnatal phase. Methods: 25 fathers-to-be participated in this study as part of a larger project (Mage = 31.91, SD = 4.30). Saliva samples were collected during the third trimester of their partner’s pregnancy (Mgestation = 27.02, SD = 4.91) and analyzed using immunoassays (oxytocin) and LCMS (testosterone and cortisol). Involvement was measured using experience sampling methodology; participants received questions on their mobile phones six times a day during 14 days in the third trimester and again during 7 days at child’s age of 3 months, asking them whether they thought about their child in the last 15 min. We correlate basal prenatal levels of testosterone, oxytocin and cortisol, adjusted for time of saliva sampling, with both pre- and postnatal paternal involvement. Results and conclusions: Prenatally, no correlations were found between paternal involvement and oxytocin, testosterone or cortisol. Data collection of the postnatal period is underway,
allowing us to test the relation between prenatal hormonal levels and postnatal paternal involvement–results will be available in June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.304 Plasma c-reactive protein levels during pregnancy are associated with self-reported diagnoses of depression Soili Marianne Lehto ∗ , Kati Heinonen, Elena Toffol, Esa Hämäläinen, Marius Lahti, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Alfredo Ortega-Alonso, Jari Lipsanen, Eero Kajantie, Helena Laivuori, Anu-Katriina Pesonen, Pia Villa, Katri Räikkönen University of Helsinki, Finland E-mail address: soili.lehto@helsinki.fi (S.M. Lehto). Background: While depression is considered to be associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers in general adult population, data on the association of depression and inflammation markers during of pregnancy is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether self-reported current or past diagnoses of depression are associated with longitudinal measures of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) during pregnancy. Methods: Altogether 406 pregnant women participated in a substudy of the longitudinal ‘Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO)’ Study. Plasma levels of hsCRP were analyzed from three consecutive venous blood samples during pregnancy weeks 11–17, 16–23, and 20–31. The participants reported their current or past diagnoses of depression during the first trimester, when they were recruited to the study. Data were first examined cross-sectionally for crude group differences in hsCRP levels at each time-point using Mann–Whitney U-tests. Subsequently, we fit an overall linear mixed model including all available observations in the study, and specifying hsCRP as the dependent variable, diagnosis of depression as the main predictor, and maternal age, marital status, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index, alcohol use, and smoking as covariates. Results: The preliminary U-tests suggested that the levels of hsCRP were consistently higher in the depressed group throughout the three consecutive measurement points during pregnancy. The subsequent linear mixed model further supported this finding by showing self-reported depression diagnosis as associated with higher levels of hsCRP (p-value = 0.024). Conclusions: Mothers diagnosed with depression prior to or during pregnancy showed increased levels of hsCRP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.305
Abstracts / Psychoneuroendocrinology 83S (2017) 1–89
of evidence support the beneficial effects of estrogen on learning and memory. The literature specific to schizophrenia is limited and mixed. Raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has been associated with cognitive improvement in a range of studies, with mixed results in schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to combine our existing datasets to investigate whether adjunctive Raloxifene (120 mg/day) can improve cognitive functioning over 12 weeks in females with schizophrenia and secondly, to determine what factors relate to treatment efficacy. Methods: Ninety-six participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder completed a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Cognition was assessed at baseline and study end using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Results: 46 participants were randomised to adjunctive raloxifene and 50 were randomised to adjunctive placebo. Overall, there were no significant improvements in any of the cognitive domains. Baseline estrogen levels, age and symptoms were associated with a better cognitive response. Conclusions: Cognitive impairments are a central and poorly treated feature of schizophrenia. Raloxifene hydrochloride at 120 mg, has shown some benefits in relation to cognition in a subset of patients: baseline estrogen levels, age and symptom profile predict a beneficial response. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.303 Prenatal Stress and Pregnancy Prenatal testosterone, oxytocin and cortisol levels in relation to prenatal and postnatal paternal involvement Willemijn M. Meijer ∗ , Anna E. van’t Veer, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands E-mail address: [email protected] (W.M. Meijer). Background: Recent research suggests that endocrine levels change during the transition to fatherhood, probably to promote paternal care (Saltzman and Ziegler 2014; Hackett and Rilling, 2014). For example, men’s testosterone levels decline throughout the prenatal period (Edelstein et al., 2015) and from before to after birth (Gettler et al., 2011). We explore the association between fathers’ prenatal hormonal levels and their active involvement with and preparation for parenthood during both the prenatal and postnatal phase. Methods: 25 fathers-to-be participated in this study as part of a larger project (Mage = 31.91, SD = 4.30). Saliva samples were collected during the third trimester of their partner’s pregnancy (Mgestation = 27.02, SD = 4.91) and analyzed using immunoassays (oxytocin) and LCMS (testosterone and cortisol). Involvement was measured using experience sampling methodology; participants received questions on their mobile phones six times a day during 14 days in the third trimester and again during 7 days at child’s age of 3 months, asking them whether they thought about their child in the last 15 min. We correlate basal prenatal levels of testosterone, oxytocin and cortisol, adjusted for time of saliva sampling, with both pre- and postnatal paternal involvement. Results and conclusions: Prenatally, no correlations were found between paternal involvement and oxytocin, testosterone or cortisol. Data collection of the postnatal period is underway,
allowing us to test the relation between prenatal hormonal levels and postnatal paternal involvement–results will be available in June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.304 Plasma c-reactive protein levels during pregnancy are associated with self-reported diagnoses of depression Soili Marianne Lehto ∗ , Kati Heinonen, Elena Toffol, Esa Hämäläinen, Marius Lahti, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Alfredo Ortega-Alonso, Jari Lipsanen, Eero Kajantie, Helena Laivuori, Anu-Katriina Pesonen, Pia Villa, Katri Räikkönen University of Helsinki, Finland E-mail address: soili.lehto@helsinki.fi (S.M. Lehto). Background: While depression is considered to be associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers in general adult population, data on the association of depression and inflammation markers during of pregnancy is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether self-reported current or past diagnoses of depression are associated with longitudinal measures of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) during pregnancy. Methods: Altogether 406 pregnant women participated in a substudy of the longitudinal ‘Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO)’ Study. Plasma levels of hsCRP were analyzed from three consecutive venous blood samples during pregnancy weeks 11–17, 16–23, and 20–31. The participants reported their current or past diagnoses of depression during the first trimester, when they were recruited to the study. Data were first examined cross-sectionally for crude group differences in hsCRP levels at each time-point using Mann–Whitney U-tests. Subsequently, we fit an overall linear mixed model including all available observations in the study, and specifying hsCRP as the dependent variable, diagnosis of depression as the main predictor, and maternal age, marital status, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index, alcohol use, and smoking as covariates. Results: The preliminary U-tests suggested that the levels of hsCRP were consistently higher in the depressed group throughout the three consecutive measurement points during pregnancy. The subsequent linear mixed model further supported this finding by showing self-reported depression diagnosis as associated with higher levels of hsCRP (p-value = 0.024). Conclusions: Mothers diagnosed with depression prior to or during pregnancy showed increased levels of hsCRP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.305