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Plasticity and cognitive disorders
Abstracts
BIOl. PSYCHIATRY
607
1996:39:500-666
361. A PET STUDY OF FDG METABOLISM IN ABSTAINING COCAINE ADDICTS
364. THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: NEW
PERSPECTIVES J.C. Wu, E.A. Klein, K.M. Bell, & C.B. Widmark K.S. Kendler Brain Imaging Center, Depanment of Ps)'dliatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 The objective of Ihis study Was to assess, using PET, the effects of chronic cocaine usc on brain metabolism in users during a period of abstinence from cocaine. IS·F-deoxyglucose was used as radlotracer in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of 13 male, right handed veteran cocaine addicts on an inpaticlIl, substance: abuse treatment w3rd in the middle phase of 3bstinence (last cocaine usc bIltween one and four weeks). They met DSM·III·R criteria for cocaine dependence and had used >4 grnms of cocaine per week as Ihe free base (crnck) for >6 months in the last year. Patients were excluded if they had a current or past psychiatric illness other than cocaine dependence, a Hamilton Depression score >7. a history of inlravenous drug abuse. more than a moderate use of 31cohol or dependence on any substance other than cocaine nicotine or caffeine. Their bmin images were compared 10 those of 10 matched controls. Patients showed decreased ilbsolutc and relative brain metabolism in scvcral are3.~. Most prominent wcre the left amerior cingulate gyrus (p
362. FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE: ADYANCES IN ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIVE AND ANXIETY DISORDERS D.S. Charney We.~t
H3ven,
cr
Plenary lecture, nbstr.tct not available.
Richmond, VA Plenary lecture, abstract not available.
365. PLASTICITY AND COGNITIVE
DISORDERS M.S. Gazzaniga. & R.L. Green Center for Neuroscience. UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616; Dc~)artment of Psyehialry. Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756 At the heart of the study of the nervous system is the issue of plasticity. Behavioral plasticity occurs when a panicular function i:;; first established during development or through nonnal Icanling mechanisms. It also refers to functions Ihal retum aftcr being lost through lesion. When the function is originally learned andlor when it returns, iI remains unknown what m:ur.tl cilanges accompany these forms of plasticity. Plasticily a.~ seen in the selling of recovery can be viewed us a behavioral adaptation wilh other remaining systems covering for the lost cap3city. It can also be viewed as renecling an emergent property of other cortical systems. We will present data from split·brain rescaroh that support this laller view. We also will report on II series of brain imnging slUdies on monozygotic twins discordnnt for schizophrcni:l. These studies reveal that the twins brains of discordam twins do nOI show the same pattern of genetic effects as seen in nonnallwins, and suggest there nrc large scale morphometric differences in eorticnl surface area between the well lind the ill twin. These studies suggest that there arc neural struclurnl differences between the ill and well twin. which m:lY underlie the known ineffectiveness of drug management to relieve the "negalive" symptoms of schizophrenia· indolellce 3nd social wilhdrawal. Overall,lhese laller studies also sugsest that plasticity. tilled nannale)', Is not ubiquitous.
NEUROIMAGING IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
366. HUMAN BRAIN POTENTIALS INVOLVED IN CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
R.E. Our
J.E. Desmedt
Philadelphia, PA
Brussels. Belgium
Plenary lecture, abslraci nol available.
Abstract not available.
363. PICTURES FROM THE MIND:
BIOl. PSYCHIATRY
607
1996:39:500-666
361. A PET STUDY OF FDG METABOLISM IN ABSTAINING COCAINE ADDICTS
364. THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: NEW
PERSPECTIVES J.C. Wu, E.A. Klein, K.M. Bell, & C.B. Widmark K.S. Kendler Brain Imaging Center, Depanment of Ps)'dliatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 The objective of Ihis study Was to assess, using PET, the effects of chronic cocaine usc on brain metabolism in users during a period of abstinence from cocaine. IS·F-deoxyglucose was used as radlotracer in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of 13 male, right handed veteran cocaine addicts on an inpaticlIl, substance: abuse treatment w3rd in the middle phase of 3bstinence (last cocaine usc bIltween one and four weeks). They met DSM·III·R criteria for cocaine dependence and had used >4 grnms of cocaine per week as Ihe free base (crnck) for >6 months in the last year. Patients were excluded if they had a current or past psychiatric illness other than cocaine dependence, a Hamilton Depression score >7. a history of inlravenous drug abuse. more than a moderate use of 31cohol or dependence on any substance other than cocaine nicotine or caffeine. Their bmin images were compared 10 those of 10 matched controls. Patients showed decreased ilbsolutc and relative brain metabolism in scvcral are3.~. Most prominent wcre the left amerior cingulate gyrus (p
362. FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE: ADYANCES IN ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIVE AND ANXIETY DISORDERS D.S. Charney We.~t
H3ven,
cr
Plenary lecture, nbstr.tct not available.
Richmond, VA Plenary lecture, abstract not available.
365. PLASTICITY AND COGNITIVE
DISORDERS M.S. Gazzaniga. & R.L. Green Center for Neuroscience. UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616; Dc~)artment of Psyehialry. Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756 At the heart of the study of the nervous system is the issue of plasticity. Behavioral plasticity occurs when a panicular function i:;; first established during development or through nonnal Icanling mechanisms. It also refers to functions Ihal retum aftcr being lost through lesion. When the function is originally learned andlor when it returns, iI remains unknown what m:ur.tl cilanges accompany these forms of plasticity. Plasticily a.~ seen in the selling of recovery can be viewed us a behavioral adaptation wilh other remaining systems covering for the lost cap3city. It can also be viewed as renecling an emergent property of other cortical systems. We will present data from split·brain rescaroh that support this laller view. We also will report on II series of brain imnging slUdies on monozygotic twins discordnnt for schizophrcni:l. These studies reveal that the twins brains of discordam twins do nOI show the same pattern of genetic effects as seen in nonnallwins, and suggest there nrc large scale morphometric differences in eorticnl surface area between the well lind the ill twin. These studies suggest that there arc neural struclurnl differences between the ill and well twin. which m:lY underlie the known ineffectiveness of drug management to relieve the "negalive" symptoms of schizophrenia· indolellce 3nd social wilhdrawal. Overall,lhese laller studies also sugsest that plasticity. tilled nannale)', Is not ubiquitous.
NEUROIMAGING IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
366. HUMAN BRAIN POTENTIALS INVOLVED IN CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
R.E. Our
J.E. Desmedt
Philadelphia, PA
Brussels. Belgium
Plenary lecture, abslraci nol available.
Abstract not available.
363. PICTURES FROM THE MIND: