- Email: [email protected]
Platinum-Incorporated Perfluorinated Ionomer as Solid Polymer Electrolyte in Electric Double Layer Capacitors
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Procedia Engineering 44 (2012) 964 – 965
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ȝ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© 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.638
P.C. Lee et al. / Procedia Engineering 44 (2012) 964 – 965
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
)LJ 7(0 LPDJH RI 3W )LJ 6SHFLILF FDSDFLWDQFH RI QDQRSDUWLFOHV LQ WKH 1DILRQ WKH VXSHUFDSDFLWRUV SORWWHG DV UHFDVWPHPEUDQHFRQWDLQLQJ DIXQFWLRQRIWKH3WORDGLQJ .H\ZRUGV 6ROLGSRO\PHUHOHFWURO\WH3HUIOXRULQDWHGLRQRPHU(OHFWULFGRXEOHOD\HUFDSDFLWRUV ZWRI3WQDQRSDUWLHFOV 3ODWLQXPQDQRSDUWLFOHV
965
Procedia Engineering 44 (2012) 964 – 965
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ȝ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© 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.638
P.C. Lee et al. / Procedia Engineering 44 (2012) 964 – 965
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
)LJ 7(0 LPDJH RI 3W )LJ 6SHFLILF FDSDFLWDQFH RI QDQRSDUWLFOHV LQ WKH 1DILRQ WKH VXSHUFDSDFLWRUV SORWWHG DV UHFDVWPHPEUDQHFRQWDLQLQJ DIXQFWLRQRIWKH3WORDGLQJ .H\ZRUGV 6ROLGSRO\PHUHOHFWURO\WH3HUIOXRULQDWHGLRQRPHU(OHFWULFGRXEOHOD\HUFDSDFLWRUV ZWRI3WQDQRSDUWLHFOV 3ODWLQXPQDQRSDUWLFOHV
965