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Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema in a Cat Associated with Necrotizing Bronchopneumonia Caused by Felid Herpesvirus-1
141:4, 2009
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2009
283
21
22
CAUDA EQUINA POLYRADICULONEURITIS IN A DOG V. Saey, V. Martle´, K. Chiers, L. Van Ham, I. Van De Maele and R. Ducatelle Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium Introduction: Polyradiculoneuritis is an inflammatory condition primarily involving multiple nerve roots. It is extremely rare in dogs. Here we report characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in a typical case. Materials and Methods: A 6-year-old, neutered male, Welsh springer spaniel was referred with a 4-day history of sudden urinary and faecal incontinence and tenesmus. The animal did not respond to treatment and was humanely destroyed. A necropsy examination was performed. The spinal cord was examined histologically and immunohistochemically (CD3, CD20, Mac387 and MHC class II). Results: Some nerve roots had extensive mononuclear cell infiltration. The most severely affected axon bundles showed swollen and demyelinated axons. Infiltration of T lymphocytes was most prominent in the epineurium. B lymphocytes were more diffusely spread in the perineurium. A small number of reactive macrophages was found at the periphery of the affected roots. In the affected nerve roots, lymphocytes and macrophages all expressed MHC class II. Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the third case of cauda equina neuritis to be reported in dogs. The inflammatory infiltrate has the same composition as that seen in polyneuritis equi. The aetiology of the condition remains unknown.
EQUINE GENITAL CARCINOMA IN SITU RESEMBLING HUMAN GENITAL INTRA-EPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (BOWENOID PAPULOSIS) G. Vercauteren, L. Bogaert, K. Chiers and R. Ducatelle Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent tumour of the external genitalia in horses. In a high number of typical genital SCC, careful examination reveals the presence of concurrent plaque-like mucosal lesions in the vicinity of the invasive SCC. Methods and Results: Histological examination of 10 penile and three vulvar plaques (seven with and five without SCC in the same patient) revealed focally extensive and severe irregular epithelial hyperplasia with deep and broad rete ridges. The affected epidermis was severely dysplastic throughout all layers, with lack of orderly maturation. Keratinocyte pleomorphism and atypia were present and there was no evidence of basement membrane disruption. The appearance of keratinocytes varied from small and polygonal with oval or flattened hyperchromatic nuclei, to large and round with pale cytoplasm and large vesicular irregular nuclei. Mitotic figures were usually observed within all epidermal layers. Scattered koilocytes were sometimes found. Immunoreactivity for papillomavirus was not observed but papillomaviral DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in all of the lesions examined. Conclusions: The appearance of the intra-epithelial dysplastic lesions is consistent with a diagnosis of carcinoma in situ. For this new equine neoplastic entity we propose the term genital intra-epithelial neoplasia, analogous to the nomenclature of papillomavirusinduced lesions used in man.
23 PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM AND SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA IN A CAT ASSOCIATED WITH NECROTIZING BRONCHOPNEUMONIA CAUSED BY FELID HERPESVIRUS-1 S. Maes, B. Van Goethem, J. Saunders, D. Binst, K. Chiers and R. Ducatelle Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium Introduction: Pneumomediastinum is a rare condition in which free gas is present in the mediastinum. It may result from sharp penetrating trauma to the neck or from mediastinal infection with gas-producing bacteria, but is usually secondary to accidental or iatrogenic trauma to the lower airways, the marginal alveoli or the oesophagus. In man, several infectious agents have been identified as a cause of pneumomediastinum. In cats, little is known about infectious agents causing this condition. Materials and Methods: A 1-year-old, neutered male, Siamese cat was presented with severe subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. The animal was humanely destroyed and subject to necropsy examination. Samples of lung and trachea were taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: Histopathology revealed a necrotizing bronchopneumonia and tracheitis. Amphophilic intranuclear inclusions in sequestered bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells labelled positively for FHV-1. Conclusions: In cats, as in man, pneumonia should be considered as a possible cause of pneumomediastinum.
24 PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA-INDUCED LESIONS IN NON-VENOMOUS SNAKES E. Ciobotaru, L. Tudor, C. Constantinescu, G. Dinescu, T. Soare and M. Militaru Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of captive snakes is considered opportunistic, meaning that it usually induces disease in a compromised individual due to immune suppression, cool environment, malnutrition or viral infection. Materials and Methods: Two young snakes (a 5-month-old male Python molurus bivittatus and an 18-month-old male Boa constrictor) were submitted for necropsy examination. Deaths occurred 3 days after onset of clinical signs that included restlessness, anorexia and darkening of skin colour. The liver, kidneys, heart, small intestine and lungs were sampled for bacteriological, cytological and histological investigations. Results: The most relevant lesions observed on gross investigation were necrotizing enteritis, fatty liver and discrete areas of acute oedema. Cytological and histological findings revealed necrotic pneumonia and pulmonary oedema, acute tubular necrosis with hyaline droplet degeneration of epithelial cells and diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Conclusions: No evidence of paramyxovirus infection or inclusion body disease (IBD) was detected. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of septal and faveolar pulmonary epithelial cells (specific for paramyxovirus infection) and oxyphilic or amphophilic inclusions (indicative of IBD) were absent. Poor condition and fatty liver may have created a suitable microenvironment for opportunistic Pseudomonas infection.
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2009
283
21
22
CAUDA EQUINA POLYRADICULONEURITIS IN A DOG V. Saey, V. Martle´, K. Chiers, L. Van Ham, I. Van De Maele and R. Ducatelle Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium Introduction: Polyradiculoneuritis is an inflammatory condition primarily involving multiple nerve roots. It is extremely rare in dogs. Here we report characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in a typical case. Materials and Methods: A 6-year-old, neutered male, Welsh springer spaniel was referred with a 4-day history of sudden urinary and faecal incontinence and tenesmus. The animal did not respond to treatment and was humanely destroyed. A necropsy examination was performed. The spinal cord was examined histologically and immunohistochemically (CD3, CD20, Mac387 and MHC class II). Results: Some nerve roots had extensive mononuclear cell infiltration. The most severely affected axon bundles showed swollen and demyelinated axons. Infiltration of T lymphocytes was most prominent in the epineurium. B lymphocytes were more diffusely spread in the perineurium. A small number of reactive macrophages was found at the periphery of the affected roots. In the affected nerve roots, lymphocytes and macrophages all expressed MHC class II. Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the third case of cauda equina neuritis to be reported in dogs. The inflammatory infiltrate has the same composition as that seen in polyneuritis equi. The aetiology of the condition remains unknown.
EQUINE GENITAL CARCINOMA IN SITU RESEMBLING HUMAN GENITAL INTRA-EPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (BOWENOID PAPULOSIS) G. Vercauteren, L. Bogaert, K. Chiers and R. Ducatelle Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent tumour of the external genitalia in horses. In a high number of typical genital SCC, careful examination reveals the presence of concurrent plaque-like mucosal lesions in the vicinity of the invasive SCC. Methods and Results: Histological examination of 10 penile and three vulvar plaques (seven with and five without SCC in the same patient) revealed focally extensive and severe irregular epithelial hyperplasia with deep and broad rete ridges. The affected epidermis was severely dysplastic throughout all layers, with lack of orderly maturation. Keratinocyte pleomorphism and atypia were present and there was no evidence of basement membrane disruption. The appearance of keratinocytes varied from small and polygonal with oval or flattened hyperchromatic nuclei, to large and round with pale cytoplasm and large vesicular irregular nuclei. Mitotic figures were usually observed within all epidermal layers. Scattered koilocytes were sometimes found. Immunoreactivity for papillomavirus was not observed but papillomaviral DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in all of the lesions examined. Conclusions: The appearance of the intra-epithelial dysplastic lesions is consistent with a diagnosis of carcinoma in situ. For this new equine neoplastic entity we propose the term genital intra-epithelial neoplasia, analogous to the nomenclature of papillomavirusinduced lesions used in man.
23 PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM AND SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA IN A CAT ASSOCIATED WITH NECROTIZING BRONCHOPNEUMONIA CAUSED BY FELID HERPESVIRUS-1 S. Maes, B. Van Goethem, J. Saunders, D. Binst, K. Chiers and R. Ducatelle Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium Introduction: Pneumomediastinum is a rare condition in which free gas is present in the mediastinum. It may result from sharp penetrating trauma to the neck or from mediastinal infection with gas-producing bacteria, but is usually secondary to accidental or iatrogenic trauma to the lower airways, the marginal alveoli or the oesophagus. In man, several infectious agents have been identified as a cause of pneumomediastinum. In cats, little is known about infectious agents causing this condition. Materials and Methods: A 1-year-old, neutered male, Siamese cat was presented with severe subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. The animal was humanely destroyed and subject to necropsy examination. Samples of lung and trachea were taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: Histopathology revealed a necrotizing bronchopneumonia and tracheitis. Amphophilic intranuclear inclusions in sequestered bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells labelled positively for FHV-1. Conclusions: In cats, as in man, pneumonia should be considered as a possible cause of pneumomediastinum.
24 PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA-INDUCED LESIONS IN NON-VENOMOUS SNAKES E. Ciobotaru, L. Tudor, C. Constantinescu, G. Dinescu, T. Soare and M. Militaru Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of captive snakes is considered opportunistic, meaning that it usually induces disease in a compromised individual due to immune suppression, cool environment, malnutrition or viral infection. Materials and Methods: Two young snakes (a 5-month-old male Python molurus bivittatus and an 18-month-old male Boa constrictor) were submitted for necropsy examination. Deaths occurred 3 days after onset of clinical signs that included restlessness, anorexia and darkening of skin colour. The liver, kidneys, heart, small intestine and lungs were sampled for bacteriological, cytological and histological investigations. Results: The most relevant lesions observed on gross investigation were necrotizing enteritis, fatty liver and discrete areas of acute oedema. Cytological and histological findings revealed necrotic pneumonia and pulmonary oedema, acute tubular necrosis with hyaline droplet degeneration of epithelial cells and diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Conclusions: No evidence of paramyxovirus infection or inclusion body disease (IBD) was detected. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of septal and faveolar pulmonary epithelial cells (specific for paramyxovirus infection) and oxyphilic or amphophilic inclusions (indicative of IBD) were absent. Poor condition and fatty liver may have created a suitable microenvironment for opportunistic Pseudomonas infection.