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Pointing the finger: Introversion–extroversion, emotional intelligence, and neuroticism relations to judgments of transgressor blameworthiness
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Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78
Sleep Habits Survey developed by Carskadon and coworkers to measure sleep habits during school days and weekends, daytime sleepiness, sleep problems, and circadian preference. In addition, students completed self report measures of Impulsivity and the Big Five factors. Boys reported more sleep related problems than females. Big five factors and circadian preferences influenced sleep habits and total sleep time in both school days and weekends. Low conscientiousness and high impulsivity were associated with daytime sleepiness, Circadian preference and Impulsivity were the best predictors of self-reported sleep/wake problems, indicating a higher prevalence of sleep complaints in impulsive and evening-type subjects. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.286
Physical exercise and mood: The moderating role of personality traits B. Zdral-Stolarska, M. Stolarski University of Warsaw, Poland Physical exercises proved to be the single best way of improving bad mood (Thayer, 2001). In the present study we replicated this result within a framework of three-dimensional model of mood (Matthews et al., 1990) taking into account a possible moderating role of personality traits. Participants (young female adults; N = 100) filled Eysencks’ EPQ-R, Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale and a Polish adaptation of UMACL checklist (Goryn´ska, 2005) in which they reported their momentary moods, directly before and immediately after a 1.5 h long fitness training. Conducted analyses revealed a robust effect of exercise on mood, with Cohen’s d ranging between 1.5 for Tension and 2.1 for Energy. We also found evidence for the moderating role of personality: The mood elevation was related to higher Sensation Seeking and Psychoticism. Therefore, we confirmed that exercise has significant positive effects on mood, however some personality traits may modify the magnitude of this influence. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.287
Pointing the finger: Introversion–extroversion, emotional intelligence, and neuroticism relations to judgments of transgressor blameworthiness G.C. Tohver, D.H. Saklofske University of Western Ontario, Canada Cognitive heuristics research has found that in several mathematical and social-appraising situations, individuals show a strong preference for simple explanations over complex explanations when judging causation and probability. However, unlike mathematics, social contexts—such as judging blameworthiness based on a transgressor’s excuse—are convoluted situations by nature of their greater likelihood of having diverse factors to converge and affect outcomes. The present study examines whether individuals’ Emotional Intelligence (EI), neuroticism (N), and introversion–extroversion (E) levels are related to their perceptions of transgressor blameworthiness, and whether the relations are moderated by the complexity of the excuse that is given. Undergraduate students completed EPQ-R-SF items for N and E, the TEQue-SF for EI, and read three vignettes: one presenting a simple (1-component) excuse, one a moderate (3component) excuse, and one a complex (5-component) excuse. The Revised Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory was used to assess blame ratings for the transgressor in each vignette. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.288
Predicting factors of discrimination between guilty and innocent: Using a functional data analysis D.Y. Kim, H.W. Suk, S. Cho, H. Hwang, J.H. Lee Chung-Ang University, Korea This study aimed to investigate predicting factors for detecting guilty individuals who committed a mock crime using a functional data analysis, to reduce an individual variation of psychophysiological data and to find weighted integration of function. Fifty-four participants (30 male, 24 female) chose either guilty condition (stealing a wallet) or innocent condition (non-crime). Skin conductance level (SCL), temperature, and pulse were measured during conducting a concealed information test. A functional logistic regression indicated that SCL and pulse were predictive variables for detecting guilty. Specifically, participants were more likely to be guilty if they showed a higher degree in SCL responding to both crime-relevant and irrelevant questions and a higher increase of pulse after the crime-relevant questions. These results suggest that SCL and pulse may predict whether a suspect is guilty or innocent and that a functional data analysis could provide more accurate prediction by excluding individual variation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.289
Predictive analysys of ZKA-PQ respect to the personality inventory for DSM-5 high order factors A. Aluja, A. Blach University of Lleida, Spain In this study we present correlations between wings 20 facets and 5 factors of the ZKA-PQ and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; higher and lower order). Additionally they are carried out a lineal regression taking as independent variables the ZKA-PQ facets and each one of the second order factors of the PID-5 with the objective of knowing the predictive power of the ZKA-PQ regarding the PID-5. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a 220item questionnaire with a 4-point response scale, was used to measure proposed DSM-5 traits. It has 25 primary scales that load onto 5 higher order scales. Results inform that different ZKA-PQ facet explained the 55% of the variance of Negative Affect, the 64% of the Detachment, 47& of Antagonism, 50% of Disinhibition and the 35% of Psychoticism. We discuss the psychometric properties of the new pathological dimensional personality instrument and the contribution of the ZKA-PQ. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.290
Predictors of treatment dropout in depressed outpatients I. Ramos-Grille, M. Gomà-Freixanet, S. Valero, V. Vallès, R. Guillamat Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain Premature termination is common among patients treated for depression with psychotherapy.This study examines predictors of dropout from treatment in adult depressed outpatients. Fifty depressed outpatients completed a socio-demographic questionnaire. Severity of depressive symptoms, with the BDI-II (Beck et al., 1996) and expectation of change with The Scale of Expectation of Change (Echeburúa & Corral, 1987) were assessed. All patients attended a group-based CBT program for depression. Patients were categorized in groups: completers vs. dropouts. Student’s t-test and a logistic regression analyses were performed. Comparing treatment completers vs. dropouts, the dropout group had significantly higher age of onset and severity of depression than the completer group. The dropout group had lower expectation of change. Age of onset and scores on expectation of change emerged as significant
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78
Sleep Habits Survey developed by Carskadon and coworkers to measure sleep habits during school days and weekends, daytime sleepiness, sleep problems, and circadian preference. In addition, students completed self report measures of Impulsivity and the Big Five factors. Boys reported more sleep related problems than females. Big five factors and circadian preferences influenced sleep habits and total sleep time in both school days and weekends. Low conscientiousness and high impulsivity were associated with daytime sleepiness, Circadian preference and Impulsivity were the best predictors of self-reported sleep/wake problems, indicating a higher prevalence of sleep complaints in impulsive and evening-type subjects. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.286
Physical exercise and mood: The moderating role of personality traits B. Zdral-Stolarska, M. Stolarski University of Warsaw, Poland Physical exercises proved to be the single best way of improving bad mood (Thayer, 2001). In the present study we replicated this result within a framework of three-dimensional model of mood (Matthews et al., 1990) taking into account a possible moderating role of personality traits. Participants (young female adults; N = 100) filled Eysencks’ EPQ-R, Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale and a Polish adaptation of UMACL checklist (Goryn´ska, 2005) in which they reported their momentary moods, directly before and immediately after a 1.5 h long fitness training. Conducted analyses revealed a robust effect of exercise on mood, with Cohen’s d ranging between 1.5 for Tension and 2.1 for Energy. We also found evidence for the moderating role of personality: The mood elevation was related to higher Sensation Seeking and Psychoticism. Therefore, we confirmed that exercise has significant positive effects on mood, however some personality traits may modify the magnitude of this influence. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.287
Pointing the finger: Introversion–extroversion, emotional intelligence, and neuroticism relations to judgments of transgressor blameworthiness G.C. Tohver, D.H. Saklofske University of Western Ontario, Canada Cognitive heuristics research has found that in several mathematical and social-appraising situations, individuals show a strong preference for simple explanations over complex explanations when judging causation and probability. However, unlike mathematics, social contexts—such as judging blameworthiness based on a transgressor’s excuse—are convoluted situations by nature of their greater likelihood of having diverse factors to converge and affect outcomes. The present study examines whether individuals’ Emotional Intelligence (EI), neuroticism (N), and introversion–extroversion (E) levels are related to their perceptions of transgressor blameworthiness, and whether the relations are moderated by the complexity of the excuse that is given. Undergraduate students completed EPQ-R-SF items for N and E, the TEQue-SF for EI, and read three vignettes: one presenting a simple (1-component) excuse, one a moderate (3component) excuse, and one a complex (5-component) excuse. The Revised Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory was used to assess blame ratings for the transgressor in each vignette. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.288
Predicting factors of discrimination between guilty and innocent: Using a functional data analysis D.Y. Kim, H.W. Suk, S. Cho, H. Hwang, J.H. Lee Chung-Ang University, Korea This study aimed to investigate predicting factors for detecting guilty individuals who committed a mock crime using a functional data analysis, to reduce an individual variation of psychophysiological data and to find weighted integration of function. Fifty-four participants (30 male, 24 female) chose either guilty condition (stealing a wallet) or innocent condition (non-crime). Skin conductance level (SCL), temperature, and pulse were measured during conducting a concealed information test. A functional logistic regression indicated that SCL and pulse were predictive variables for detecting guilty. Specifically, participants were more likely to be guilty if they showed a higher degree in SCL responding to both crime-relevant and irrelevant questions and a higher increase of pulse after the crime-relevant questions. These results suggest that SCL and pulse may predict whether a suspect is guilty or innocent and that a functional data analysis could provide more accurate prediction by excluding individual variation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.289
Predictive analysys of ZKA-PQ respect to the personality inventory for DSM-5 high order factors A. Aluja, A. Blach University of Lleida, Spain In this study we present correlations between wings 20 facets and 5 factors of the ZKA-PQ and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; higher and lower order). Additionally they are carried out a lineal regression taking as independent variables the ZKA-PQ facets and each one of the second order factors of the PID-5 with the objective of knowing the predictive power of the ZKA-PQ regarding the PID-5. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a 220item questionnaire with a 4-point response scale, was used to measure proposed DSM-5 traits. It has 25 primary scales that load onto 5 higher order scales. Results inform that different ZKA-PQ facet explained the 55% of the variance of Negative Affect, the 64% of the Detachment, 47& of Antagonism, 50% of Disinhibition and the 35% of Psychoticism. We discuss the psychometric properties of the new pathological dimensional personality instrument and the contribution of the ZKA-PQ. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.290
Predictors of treatment dropout in depressed outpatients I. Ramos-Grille, M. Gomà-Freixanet, S. Valero, V. Vallès, R. Guillamat Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain Premature termination is common among patients treated for depression with psychotherapy.This study examines predictors of dropout from treatment in adult depressed outpatients. Fifty depressed outpatients completed a socio-demographic questionnaire. Severity of depressive symptoms, with the BDI-II (Beck et al., 1996) and expectation of change with The Scale of Expectation of Change (Echeburúa & Corral, 1987) were assessed. All patients attended a group-based CBT program for depression. Patients were categorized in groups: completers vs. dropouts. Student’s t-test and a logistic regression analyses were performed. Comparing treatment completers vs. dropouts, the dropout group had significantly higher age of onset and severity of depression than the completer group. The dropout group had lower expectation of change. Age of onset and scores on expectation of change emerged as significant