Polymer electrolyte membranes and their production

Patent number: WO 00177340

(where

Inventor: B.J. Miller

membrane,

Publication date: 21 December

Me = CH,,

development

2000

composite

of efficient

of energy water

Elektronik,

addition

Universitit

The invention which

and ceramic

of organic

phyllosilicates

and

water

concentration

(I-100

hydroxyl)

particles

allows of

membrane

that is necessary

up to an operating composite heterogeneous

are

formed

powder.

transport

of of

polymer/ceramic modified have

different

polymer equilibrium proton can

be used,

mixtures

if

Composite polyamide A composite

polyamide

surface

to which

than

If

groups

preferably

is that

at

the

establishment

example

of

strength

for

of the

This effect

the MeOH

passage

it are

improved

of anionic membrane

was studied

for drinking-water

This hybrid

process

exchange

transport

nitrogen.

combines

continuous dialysis)

bio-reduction

A non-porous

in

(IEMB)

to gaseous

mono-anion

perm-

selective

membrane

between

the polluted

culture,

and prevents

secondary

treated

water

dissolved

nutrients

Complete

denitrification

metabolic

with

products.

may be achieved and NO,study

water

without

direct

contact

and the denitrifying pollution

accumulation

of the

focused

of NO,The

on the effect of the concentration counter-ions

IEMB

performance.

transfer

coefficient

The

and

ethanol

nitrate

in this hybrid

this

patent.

may

or

and

both.

The

and the

contain

pendant

acid groups. D.A. Ylitalo

Publication date: 28 December

2000

Gas-diffusion electrode

and

It

Applicant: Johnson

Matthey Plc, UK

An

conducting

electrically

substrate,

which

between

oxidisable

impurities

gas-diffusion

capable

structure

polyalkylene

component,

oxide provides

supported

offering

support.

while

performance. use

of

The

of

which

an electrically

comprises

The patent

scale-up,

each

conducting

of

an electrode, and

comprises

gas-difision

catalyst

non-conducting

assembly

which

a catalytic a

also describes

membrane-electrode

gas stream,

and

on an electrically

chemical

removing

from an impure It comprises

the

Inventors: SC.

00176641

G. Hoogers,

the

a

a fuel cell, electrically

substrate.

denitrification.

the ratio

the bio-compartment compartment,

the

of each individual

regulated,

allowing

and control.

containing

135-350

rate of 33 g NOs-/m2 obtained

N03-/m3.day, efficiency

the optimisation

anion

flux can be

A surface

denitrification of 360

in a nitrate

Rodrigues,

g

M.A.

Reis, J.G. 71(4)

(2000).

L.

Cat;lyst paper

models

-

membranes electrolytes

concerned

prepared of cationic on a porous

resulting

with on and

composite

solved separating

layer-by-layer anionic

substructure.

A.

Symposia

Toutianoush:

163( 1)

97-l

12

layer models for PEM fuel

poly-

The use of

membranes

for

presents

two simple

model

@‘EM)

polymer

fuel

gas as the feedstock. analytically,

whereas

numerically.

The emphasis factors affecting

the fuel cell using

a simple

going into detailed

catalyst

Chan,

W.A. Tun:

Technology 24( 1) 5 l-57

layer

model,

and

for the proton-exchange

parameterise

S.H.

catalyst

the macro-homogeneous

the agglomerate membrane

Tailor-made membranes for alcohol/water pervaporation is

Krasemann,

2001).

hydrogen

work

with excellent

removal

Biotechnology & Bioengineering

245-254

to be produced

and

conditions

per day was

rate

This

C.M.

of monovalent

It is demonstrated

capability.

Tieke,

(January

of 85%.

S. Velizarov, Crespo:

B.

pervaporation

of the preparation

Macromolecular

was treated

under

choice of the poly-electrolytes

allows membranes separation

groundwater

of membrane

resulting

process

2000

ions is described.

that a suitable

for flexible

loading

separation

and divalent

and

G.A. Hards,

and for the separation

and the polluted

Synthetic

at a nitrate

conditions,

of co-ions

28 December

alcohol/water

magnitude

mg N03-/litre

system.

Ball, S.J. Cooper,

D. Thompsett

Publication he:

2000

than that in a pure

by adjusting

operation

the

is

here.

dialysis process without

Furthermore,

The

substrate

porous

to commercial

to be 2.8 times higher

Donnan

adsorption

was

one

is described

Publication hte: 21 December

mass-

process

polymer

Patent number: WO 00179628

on the

overall

polymer

the

polymer,

conducting

membrane

require

used to

and

ions in the bio-compartment.

of co-ions,

w

precludes

ion-

of nitrate

an ionomeric

and a cross-linked

to fouling

Patent number: WO

in the IEMB

denitrification.

(Donnan

and its simultaneous

removal

bio-reactor

not

USA

initiators.

direction

pollutant

of

The

is easily adapted

does

easily an ion-exchange

of making

is also described.

film-forming

cross-linking

of

Patent number: WO 00179629

2000

flux and salt passage

method

water

denitrification

coalescing

been film-

used may be fluoro-polymers,

sulfonic

with modified

subject

resistance

excellent and

the

are grafted.

found

ResearchTrends

optionally ionomeric

Inventor: W.E. Mickols

alcohol/water

A method membrane

polymers

and processing

and the method

and at

is influenced.

The mechanism

membrane

at low pressure

layer

polymer. electrolyte

involves

has

mixture

a structural

forming

Znventorr: S. Hamrock,

membrane surface

support

groups

and

polymer

a structural

further

membrane of an ‘intimate’

polymer

and

in a water-

and

Inventors: J. Kerres, N. Nicoloso

a porous

boundary

electrolyte composed

This

membrane.

make

the

polymer

developed,

catalysed from

membranes

Applicant: 3M Innovative Properties Co, USA A

increased

WO OOl77080

comprises

as a fuel, to reduce

Drinking-water

invention

of producing

(high

the local

for

The

atmosphere.

in

working

out

allow

of boundary

carriers

elevated

to

are carried

Polymer electrolyte then- production

an ionomeric

which

ranges

Applicant: Dow Cheniical Company,

interfaces,

and thus the binding

charge

pressure

quantity

polarities,

skeleton,

the

micro-

100°C.

in

at

which

relates to a method Patent number

out

at a pressure or that

vapour

required or

chemically

carried

particles),

particle

by means

atmospheric

in which

or

current

Publication date: 21 December

the polymer

These high

more

the

temperatures,

fuel

The

by

in

nano-scale

of the protons

temperatures

of 300°C.

between

in a sufficiently share

in the

for the conductivity

formed

mixture

the ceramic

and

concentration

produced or

are

methanol

to its use in fuel

technology,

electric

such a composite

mechanical

is characterised

which

(for

material

temperature

material

interfaces

high

is

to

pressures,

surface

groups

composite

of the proton

with

high

The use of such

sufficiently

stabilisation

phase

a

and water.

the

except

tectosilicates,

and/or

in acidic/alkaline

example

and

nm),

process

vapour

reactions

polymers

direct

for the

can also be used in the field

electrochemically

membrane

functional

nano-particles

intercalating

stability

Germany

relates to a composite

consists

for

Stuttgart,

and

across the

important

In addition

cells, the membrane

Applicant: Institut &r Physikalische

or C,H,7)

is especially

cells (DMFCs).

Ceramic/polymer membrane

C,H5

which

cell

The

the latter

using

former

is

is solved

of this research

is to

the performance approach,

of

without

layer modelling.

Chemical

Engineering

(January

2001).

&

Membrane Technology No. 133