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Polymer modified concrete
Book reviews
Book reviews
The Rotary Cement Kiln by K. Peray Published by Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 41 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DQ0 1986.
ISBN 0 7131 3609X, Price: £55.00, 389pp. The cement industry is vital to all countries of the world, and particularly so to developing nations whose infrastructure and prosperity very much depend on the ability to proceed with construction as economically as possible. The rotary kiln in a cement factory occupies a special position in this respect, not only becuse it requires the largest single capital investment but also it consumes a large proportion of the energy requirements of the plant. The kiln carries out a complexity of reactions and it requires specialist knowledge, intimate experience and a good understanding of complex instrumentation to successfully operate a modern cement plant. This second edition of the Rotary Kiln, first published in 1972, embodies all the new developments that have occurred in the cement industry since then, and provides a very comprehensive and authoritative document on the part that could rightly be regarded as the heart of the cement plant. The book is divided into two sections, Part I dealing with kiln systems and theory, and Part II with kiln operating procedures. The two sections occupy roughly one half of the book. The first part describes the kiln, the fuels, combustion, the flame, heat transfer and heat balances, the chemistry of kiln feed and clinker, and various aspects of the kiln itself. The new modern preheater and precalciner kilns of today are discussed thoroughly, and special emphasis is given to the reaction zones in the kiln, the control of the coating in the burning zone, the air circuit and the movement of raw feed through the kiln. The second part presents extensive information on the control and operating methods of kilns, both manual and automated. Individual chapters are devoted to instrumentation, kiln control variables, fuel systems, clinker cooler control, temperature and feed rate control and kiln starts and shutdowns. A very welcome feature of this part is the special attention given to the basic kiln conditions that lead to efficient and economic operations, kiln emergency conditions, safety aspects and accident prevention. The appendix includes conversion tables and a kiln operator's quiz to evaluate his knowledge. This is an excellent and up-to-date reference book that combines the theoretical aspects of kiln heat balances and heat transfer with a thorough and clear explanation of the step-by-step descriptions of the
control functions that lead to the successful and efficient operation of a rotary kiln. This book has to be the invaluable guide and companion not only to kiln operators but also to supervisors and management staff. It has all the basic ingredients to become a training and reference manual for everyone involved in cement production.
Polymer Modified Concrete Edited by David W. Fowler Publication SP-99, Published by the American Concrete Institute, Box 19150, Detroit, Michigan 48219, USA, 1987.
Ubrary of Congress Catalog Card Number 86-72234, Price: Members $26.00, Non-members $33.00, V + 214pp. The title of this volume is misleading and could detract the real significance of the papers included. Polymer modification is generally understood to mean concretes modified in their fresh state involving water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers. However, the papers included in this volume deal with both this type of concrete and those with resins or polymers as binders i.e. polymer concrete. Nevertheless, these papers again mark another milestone in widening the use of polymers in concrete. The papers in this publication are those presented at the two sessions during the 1985 ACI fall convention in Chicago, Illinois. Of the eleven papers, eight deal with polymer concrete whilst three papers discuss polymer modified concretes. The types of binders used in polymer concretes include unsaturated polyester/styrene, a high molecular weight methacrylate, furfuryl alcohol, and many others. Creep of polymer concrete under ftexural loading, the development of polymer concrete based on furfuryl alcohol as an all-weather repair material and the fire resistance of polyester and polymethyl methacrylate concretes made with wet aggregates are some of the topics discussed in these papers. By suitable mix design, the resin content of commercial polymer concrete toppings is shown to be able to be reduced to 10% from 20%. A sprayable electrically conductive polymer concrete coating as a means for cathodic protection is also reported. Three papers discuss the effects of polymer modifications. The long term behaviour of polymer modification, the microstructure and permeability characteristics in relation to chloride ions, and strength losses under wet conditions are reported. The quality of the polymer has an influence on the amount of strength loss but it is shown that these reductions can be counter-balanced by a suitable accelerator. Polymer concretes are now widely recognised as having unusual specialist properties that cannot be obtained from conventional concrete. This volume takes another step forward in establishing the unique properties of these concretes, and is to be welcomed as a further addition to our knowledge.
267
Book reviews
The Rotary Cement Kiln by K. Peray Published by Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 41 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DQ0 1986.
ISBN 0 7131 3609X, Price: £55.00, 389pp. The cement industry is vital to all countries of the world, and particularly so to developing nations whose infrastructure and prosperity very much depend on the ability to proceed with construction as economically as possible. The rotary kiln in a cement factory occupies a special position in this respect, not only becuse it requires the largest single capital investment but also it consumes a large proportion of the energy requirements of the plant. The kiln carries out a complexity of reactions and it requires specialist knowledge, intimate experience and a good understanding of complex instrumentation to successfully operate a modern cement plant. This second edition of the Rotary Kiln, first published in 1972, embodies all the new developments that have occurred in the cement industry since then, and provides a very comprehensive and authoritative document on the part that could rightly be regarded as the heart of the cement plant. The book is divided into two sections, Part I dealing with kiln systems and theory, and Part II with kiln operating procedures. The two sections occupy roughly one half of the book. The first part describes the kiln, the fuels, combustion, the flame, heat transfer and heat balances, the chemistry of kiln feed and clinker, and various aspects of the kiln itself. The new modern preheater and precalciner kilns of today are discussed thoroughly, and special emphasis is given to the reaction zones in the kiln, the control of the coating in the burning zone, the air circuit and the movement of raw feed through the kiln. The second part presents extensive information on the control and operating methods of kilns, both manual and automated. Individual chapters are devoted to instrumentation, kiln control variables, fuel systems, clinker cooler control, temperature and feed rate control and kiln starts and shutdowns. A very welcome feature of this part is the special attention given to the basic kiln conditions that lead to efficient and economic operations, kiln emergency conditions, safety aspects and accident prevention. The appendix includes conversion tables and a kiln operator's quiz to evaluate his knowledge. This is an excellent and up-to-date reference book that combines the theoretical aspects of kiln heat balances and heat transfer with a thorough and clear explanation of the step-by-step descriptions of the
control functions that lead to the successful and efficient operation of a rotary kiln. This book has to be the invaluable guide and companion not only to kiln operators but also to supervisors and management staff. It has all the basic ingredients to become a training and reference manual for everyone involved in cement production.
Polymer Modified Concrete Edited by David W. Fowler Publication SP-99, Published by the American Concrete Institute, Box 19150, Detroit, Michigan 48219, USA, 1987.
Ubrary of Congress Catalog Card Number 86-72234, Price: Members $26.00, Non-members $33.00, V + 214pp. The title of this volume is misleading and could detract the real significance of the papers included. Polymer modification is generally understood to mean concretes modified in their fresh state involving water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers. However, the papers included in this volume deal with both this type of concrete and those with resins or polymers as binders i.e. polymer concrete. Nevertheless, these papers again mark another milestone in widening the use of polymers in concrete. The papers in this publication are those presented at the two sessions during the 1985 ACI fall convention in Chicago, Illinois. Of the eleven papers, eight deal with polymer concrete whilst three papers discuss polymer modified concretes. The types of binders used in polymer concretes include unsaturated polyester/styrene, a high molecular weight methacrylate, furfuryl alcohol, and many others. Creep of polymer concrete under ftexural loading, the development of polymer concrete based on furfuryl alcohol as an all-weather repair material and the fire resistance of polyester and polymethyl methacrylate concretes made with wet aggregates are some of the topics discussed in these papers. By suitable mix design, the resin content of commercial polymer concrete toppings is shown to be able to be reduced to 10% from 20%. A sprayable electrically conductive polymer concrete coating as a means for cathodic protection is also reported. Three papers discuss the effects of polymer modifications. The long term behaviour of polymer modification, the microstructure and permeability characteristics in relation to chloride ions, and strength losses under wet conditions are reported. The quality of the polymer has an influence on the amount of strength loss but it is shown that these reductions can be counter-balanced by a suitable accelerator. Polymer concretes are now widely recognised as having unusual specialist properties that cannot be obtained from conventional concrete. This volume takes another step forward in establishing the unique properties of these concretes, and is to be welcomed as a further addition to our knowledge.
267