- Email: [email protected]
Polymerization properties assessment of bulk fill resin composites
e48
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 2 S ( 2 0 1 6 ) e1–e103
layer by layer assembly of three foams with various pores (i.e. <100 m, 100–300 m and >300 m). SEM images confirmed the pore size and porosity gradient. Compressive modulus of the scaffolds that is in the range of spongy bone varies by the porosity change. Conclusions: The method developed in this study has the potential to be used to produce gradient scaffolds as well as scaffolds with controlled pore size for bone and dental tissue engineering applications. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.096
Group Depth of cure (mm) Polymerization shrinkage (%) Polymerization stress (N)
Considering the polymerization shrinkage, lower values were observed for XF (0.84 ± 0.36), ADM (1.24 ± 0.18), TC (1.75 ± 0.12) and FBP (2.19 ± 0.47), with higher dimensional changes for SDR (3.36 ± 0.62) and Z350 (3.07 ± 0.61). Regarding polymerization stress (after 300 s), lower values were observed for TC (3.94 ± 0.4), XF (4.61 ± 0.34) and SDR (4.63 ± 0.25), with the highest stresses generated by Z350 (5.67 ± 0.21), FBP (5.2 ± 0.42) and ADM (5.11 ± 0.31). Conclusions: It can be concluded that all bulk fill resins are capable of polymerization in large increments (at least 4.5 mm). In addition, they are capable of generating lower shrinkage forces and polymerization shrinkage, but it depends on their composition and polymerization kinetics.
Z350
FBP
TC
ADM
XF
2.62 (0.23) 3.07 (0.61) 5.67 (0.21)
5 (0.46) 2.19 (0.47) 5.20 (0.42)
4.87 (0.44) 1.75 (0.12) 3.94 (0.4)
5.43 (0.62) 1.24 (0.18) 5.11 (0.31)
5.37 (0.69) 0.84 (0.36) 4.61 (0.34)
SDR 6.93 (0.41) 3.36 (0.62) 4.63 (0.25)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.097 96 Polymerization properties assessment of bulk fill resin composites F.A.P. Rizzante 1,∗ , J.A. Duque 1 , R.M. Maenosono 1 , R.F.L. Mondelli 1 , A.F.S. Borges 1 , A.Y. Furuse 1 , G. Mendonc¸a 2 , S.K. Ishikiriama 1 1
Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil 2 University of Michigan School of Dentistry, USA Purpose/Aim: The objectives of the present study were to assess the depth of cure, the volumetric shrinkage as well as the shrinkage force of different resin composites: Filtek Z350XT (Z350 – control group, 3M ESPE), Surefill SDR (SDR, Dentsply), Xtra Fil (XF, Voco), Admira Fusion Xtra (ADM, Voco), Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (TBF, Ivoclar Vivadent) and Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior (FBP, 3M ESPE). Materials and methods: For depth of cure, longitudinal Knoop microhardness was performed in the specimens (n = 8) right after 20 s light curing, using a 50 g weight during 20 s. Values corresponding to at least 80% of the surface microhardness were considered as adequate cured. For volumetric shrinkage, seven specimens of resin composite (4 × 4 × 4 mm) were scanned in micro-CT (Skyscan, Bruker) before and right after 20 s light curing, the images were processed and analyzed for changes in dimensions. For shrinkage force assessment, the polymerization stress was measured through the deformation of a load cell adapted in an Universal testing machine, up to 300 s after polymerization of the resin composites with 12 mm3 (n = 7). Data was evaluated through one-way ANOVA (volumetric shrinkage and depth of cure), two-way ANOVA (shrinkage force) and Tukey’s test, all with p < 0.05. Results: The results showed higher values of depth of cure for SDR (6.93 ± 0.41), followed by ADM (5.43 ± 0.62), XF (5.37 ± 0.69), FBP (5 ± 0.46) and TC (4.87 ± 0.44), with the control Z350 (2.62 ± 0.23) showing the lowest depth of cure.
97 Improving mechanical properties of GICs by adding hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite F. Barandehfard 1 , M.A Kianpour Rad 2 , A. Hosseinnia 2 , M. Tahriri 3,4,5,∗ , L. Tayebi 3 1
Nanomaterials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (Merc), Tehran, Iran 2 Environmental and Energy Research Group of Materials and Energy Research Center (Merc), Tehran, Iran 3 Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, USA 4 Dental Biomaterials Group, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tums), Tehran, Iran 5 Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this research was to improve the mechanical properties of glass-ionomer cement (GIC) by adding hydroxyapatite (HA) and fluorapatite (FA) nanoparticles, while preserving their potent clinical properties. Materials and methods: HA and FA were added to the powder component of cement (Fuji II, GC gold label, GC international, Tokyo, Japan) at 5% and 8 wt%. Compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTA) before and after 1, 7 and 28 days storing in deionized water were examined. Surface microhardness after 1 and 7 days storing in deionized water was calculated using Vickers microhardness tester. Setting and working time was determined as specified in the ASTM standard. The surface morphology of the modified GICs was evaluated using SEM observations. Results: The mechanical results of the modified GICs demonstrated that incorporation of HA and FA (5 and
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 2 S ( 2 0 1 6 ) e1–e103
layer by layer assembly of three foams with various pores (i.e. <100 m, 100–300 m and >300 m). SEM images confirmed the pore size and porosity gradient. Compressive modulus of the scaffolds that is in the range of spongy bone varies by the porosity change. Conclusions: The method developed in this study has the potential to be used to produce gradient scaffolds as well as scaffolds with controlled pore size for bone and dental tissue engineering applications. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.096
Group Depth of cure (mm) Polymerization shrinkage (%) Polymerization stress (N)
Considering the polymerization shrinkage, lower values were observed for XF (0.84 ± 0.36), ADM (1.24 ± 0.18), TC (1.75 ± 0.12) and FBP (2.19 ± 0.47), with higher dimensional changes for SDR (3.36 ± 0.62) and Z350 (3.07 ± 0.61). Regarding polymerization stress (after 300 s), lower values were observed for TC (3.94 ± 0.4), XF (4.61 ± 0.34) and SDR (4.63 ± 0.25), with the highest stresses generated by Z350 (5.67 ± 0.21), FBP (5.2 ± 0.42) and ADM (5.11 ± 0.31). Conclusions: It can be concluded that all bulk fill resins are capable of polymerization in large increments (at least 4.5 mm). In addition, they are capable of generating lower shrinkage forces and polymerization shrinkage, but it depends on their composition and polymerization kinetics.
Z350
FBP
TC
ADM
XF
2.62 (0.23) 3.07 (0.61) 5.67 (0.21)
5 (0.46) 2.19 (0.47) 5.20 (0.42)
4.87 (0.44) 1.75 (0.12) 3.94 (0.4)
5.43 (0.62) 1.24 (0.18) 5.11 (0.31)
5.37 (0.69) 0.84 (0.36) 4.61 (0.34)
SDR 6.93 (0.41) 3.36 (0.62) 4.63 (0.25)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.097 96 Polymerization properties assessment of bulk fill resin composites F.A.P. Rizzante 1,∗ , J.A. Duque 1 , R.M. Maenosono 1 , R.F.L. Mondelli 1 , A.F.S. Borges 1 , A.Y. Furuse 1 , G. Mendonc¸a 2 , S.K. Ishikiriama 1 1
Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil 2 University of Michigan School of Dentistry, USA Purpose/Aim: The objectives of the present study were to assess the depth of cure, the volumetric shrinkage as well as the shrinkage force of different resin composites: Filtek Z350XT (Z350 – control group, 3M ESPE), Surefill SDR (SDR, Dentsply), Xtra Fil (XF, Voco), Admira Fusion Xtra (ADM, Voco), Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (TBF, Ivoclar Vivadent) and Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior (FBP, 3M ESPE). Materials and methods: For depth of cure, longitudinal Knoop microhardness was performed in the specimens (n = 8) right after 20 s light curing, using a 50 g weight during 20 s. Values corresponding to at least 80% of the surface microhardness were considered as adequate cured. For volumetric shrinkage, seven specimens of resin composite (4 × 4 × 4 mm) were scanned in micro-CT (Skyscan, Bruker) before and right after 20 s light curing, the images were processed and analyzed for changes in dimensions. For shrinkage force assessment, the polymerization stress was measured through the deformation of a load cell adapted in an Universal testing machine, up to 300 s after polymerization of the resin composites with 12 mm3 (n = 7). Data was evaluated through one-way ANOVA (volumetric shrinkage and depth of cure), two-way ANOVA (shrinkage force) and Tukey’s test, all with p < 0.05. Results: The results showed higher values of depth of cure for SDR (6.93 ± 0.41), followed by ADM (5.43 ± 0.62), XF (5.37 ± 0.69), FBP (5 ± 0.46) and TC (4.87 ± 0.44), with the control Z350 (2.62 ± 0.23) showing the lowest depth of cure.
97 Improving mechanical properties of GICs by adding hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite F. Barandehfard 1 , M.A Kianpour Rad 2 , A. Hosseinnia 2 , M. Tahriri 3,4,5,∗ , L. Tayebi 3 1
Nanomaterials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (Merc), Tehran, Iran 2 Environmental and Energy Research Group of Materials and Energy Research Center (Merc), Tehran, Iran 3 Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, USA 4 Dental Biomaterials Group, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tums), Tehran, Iran 5 Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this research was to improve the mechanical properties of glass-ionomer cement (GIC) by adding hydroxyapatite (HA) and fluorapatite (FA) nanoparticles, while preserving their potent clinical properties. Materials and methods: HA and FA were added to the powder component of cement (Fuji II, GC gold label, GC international, Tokyo, Japan) at 5% and 8 wt%. Compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTA) before and after 1, 7 and 28 days storing in deionized water were examined. Surface microhardness after 1 and 7 days storing in deionized water was calculated using Vickers microhardness tester. Setting and working time was determined as specified in the ASTM standard. The surface morphology of the modified GICs was evaluated using SEM observations. Results: The mechanical results of the modified GICs demonstrated that incorporation of HA and FA (5 and