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Polymerization shrinkage stress and tooth-restoration interfacial debonding of bulk-fill composites
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d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 0 S ( 2 0 1 4 ) e1–e180
during polymerization of one of the composites that was placed in Class 1 cavities on extracted third molars with Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive system (3M ESPE) (n = 5). The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc comparison analysis (p < 0.05). Results: Polymerization shrinkage stress values (MPa) were: Z350F 3.51 (0.30), TNB 2.42 (0.16), Z250 2.38 (0.33), SF 2.36 (0.18), FB 2.24 (0.13), and SDR 1.68 (0.18). The numbers of AE events were: Z350F 12.6 (1.34), TNB 7.0 (2.55), Z250 7.0 (1.22), FB 6.8 (1.79), SF 6.6 (1.82), and SDR 6.0 (1.58). Z350F showed the highest polymerization shrinkage stress and AE event number (p < 0.05). SDR exhibited the lowest polymerization shrinkage stress (p < 0.05). Polymerization shrinkage stress values for TNB, Z250, SF, and FB; and the numbers of AE events for TNB, Z250, FB, SF, and SDR were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Composites that exhibited greater polymerization shrinkage stress generated more tooth-composite interfacial debonding. In contrast to similar outcomes between high-viscosity conventional (Z250) and high-viscosity bulk fill (TNB and SF) composites, low-viscosity flowable bulk fill composites (FB and SDR) demonstrated better results than low-viscosity conventional flowable composites (Z350F) in terms of polymerization shrinkage stress and toothcomposite interfacial debonding.
tertiary amine + alpha-diketone, with an addition of diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl)phosphine oxide for increased depth of cure. The filler system (49.5 wt%) contains an acid resistant, silanated Barium glass (0.7 m), as well as Ytterbium Fluoride nano sized particles and regular Barium glass. The bulk fill flowable composite was tested for depth of cure, degree of conversion by Near-IR, shrinkage stress using a Tensometer, flexural strength and modulus, compressive strength, and diametral tensile strength. Flexural strength and modulus as well as depth of cure were tested according to ISO 4049:2009. Results were compared to four commercially available products: Venus Bulk Fill (Heraeus Kulzer), X-tra Base (VOCO), SureFil SDR (Dentsply Caulk), and Filtek Bulk Fill (3 M ESPE). Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey’s, p < 0.001). Results: The table below summarizes the results. For each series, similar letters indicate no statistical differences were found. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the experimental bulk fill flowable composite showed a depth of cure well above the ISO minimum, as well as a degree of conversion that was significantly higher than other commercially available materials tested. It exhibited shrinkage stress that was significantly lower than all but one product tested and mechanical properties that were comparable to other bulk fill materials on the market.
Experimental bulk fill Venus bulk fill X-tra base SureFil SDR Filtek bulk fill
Depth of cure – 20 s @ 700 mW/cm2
Depth of Conversion cure – (%) 20 s @ 1000 mW/cm2
Shrinkage stress (MPa)
Flexural strength (MPa)
Flexural modulus (GPa)
Compressive Diametral tensile strength strength (MPa) (MPa)
5.33 ± 0.28a
6.04 ± 0.06a
1.35 ± 0.08a
111 ± 8a
4.5 ± 0.2a
315 ± 36a
5.27 4.96 3.81 3.78
± ± ± ±
0.16a 0.26a 0.00b 0.04b
6.22 5.48 4.18 4.23
± ± ± ±
0.51a 0.06b 0.00c 0.03c
81 ± 1a 69 57 63 59
± ± ± ±
1b 1c 1d 1c
1.97 2.28 1.30 1.84
± ± ± ±
0.10b 0.17c 0.10a 0.09b
116 122 111 111
± ± ± ±
6a 7a 8a 7a
4.4 9.4 6.5 5.4
± ± ± ±
0.1a 0.3b 0.1c 0.4d
301 271 211 335
± ± ± ±
23a 11b 7c 26a
43 ± 4a 59 55 48 61
± ± ± ±
3b 4b 4a 4b
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.099 99 Polymerization shrinkage stress and tooth-restoration interfacial debonding of bulk-fill composites R. Kim, I. Lee ∗ Seoul National University, Conservative Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and tooth-composite interfacial debonding during photopolymerization of bulk fill or conventional composites. Methods and materials: Polymerization shrinkage stresses of two high-viscosity bulk fill: SonicFill (SF, Kerr) and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNB, Ivoclar Vivadent), two low-viscosity flowable bulk fill: Filtek Bulk Fill (FB, 3M ESPE) and SureFil SDR Flow (SDR, Dentsply), one high-viscosity conventional: Filtek Z250 (Z250, 3M ESPE), and one low-viscosity conventional flowable: Filtek Z350 XT Flowable (Z350F, 3M ESPE) composites were measured using a laboratory made stress analyzer for 600 s (n = 5). Acoustic emission (AE) analysis was performed to evaluate the tooth-composite interfacial debonding for 2000 s
Keywords: Bulk-fill composite; Polymerization shrinkage stress; Acoustic emission http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.100 100 Polymer nanocarriers as new fillers for dental adhesives R. Osorio 1,∗ , E. Osorio 1 , Al Medina-Castillo 2 , M. Toledano 1 1
University of Granada, Spain Nanomyp, Spin-Off Enterprise University of Granada, Spain
2
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to incorporate zinc-loaded polymeric nanocarriers into a dental adhesive system without affecting bond strength, favoring ion-exchange for mineral precipitation within the resindentin bonded interface. Methods and materials: PolymP-active nanoparticles (nanoMyP) were zinc-loaded trough 30 min ZnCl2 immersion, and tested for bioactivity by means of 7 days immersion in simulated body fluid solution (Kokubo test). Zinc-loading and
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 0 S ( 2 0 1 4 ) e1–e180
during polymerization of one of the composites that was placed in Class 1 cavities on extracted third molars with Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive system (3M ESPE) (n = 5). The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc comparison analysis (p < 0.05). Results: Polymerization shrinkage stress values (MPa) were: Z350F 3.51 (0.30), TNB 2.42 (0.16), Z250 2.38 (0.33), SF 2.36 (0.18), FB 2.24 (0.13), and SDR 1.68 (0.18). The numbers of AE events were: Z350F 12.6 (1.34), TNB 7.0 (2.55), Z250 7.0 (1.22), FB 6.8 (1.79), SF 6.6 (1.82), and SDR 6.0 (1.58). Z350F showed the highest polymerization shrinkage stress and AE event number (p < 0.05). SDR exhibited the lowest polymerization shrinkage stress (p < 0.05). Polymerization shrinkage stress values for TNB, Z250, SF, and FB; and the numbers of AE events for TNB, Z250, FB, SF, and SDR were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Composites that exhibited greater polymerization shrinkage stress generated more tooth-composite interfacial debonding. In contrast to similar outcomes between high-viscosity conventional (Z250) and high-viscosity bulk fill (TNB and SF) composites, low-viscosity flowable bulk fill composites (FB and SDR) demonstrated better results than low-viscosity conventional flowable composites (Z350F) in terms of polymerization shrinkage stress and toothcomposite interfacial debonding.
tertiary amine + alpha-diketone, with an addition of diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl)phosphine oxide for increased depth of cure. The filler system (49.5 wt%) contains an acid resistant, silanated Barium glass (0.7 m), as well as Ytterbium Fluoride nano sized particles and regular Barium glass. The bulk fill flowable composite was tested for depth of cure, degree of conversion by Near-IR, shrinkage stress using a Tensometer, flexural strength and modulus, compressive strength, and diametral tensile strength. Flexural strength and modulus as well as depth of cure were tested according to ISO 4049:2009. Results were compared to four commercially available products: Venus Bulk Fill (Heraeus Kulzer), X-tra Base (VOCO), SureFil SDR (Dentsply Caulk), and Filtek Bulk Fill (3 M ESPE). Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey’s, p < 0.001). Results: The table below summarizes the results. For each series, similar letters indicate no statistical differences were found. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the experimental bulk fill flowable composite showed a depth of cure well above the ISO minimum, as well as a degree of conversion that was significantly higher than other commercially available materials tested. It exhibited shrinkage stress that was significantly lower than all but one product tested and mechanical properties that were comparable to other bulk fill materials on the market.
Experimental bulk fill Venus bulk fill X-tra base SureFil SDR Filtek bulk fill
Depth of cure – 20 s @ 700 mW/cm2
Depth of Conversion cure – (%) 20 s @ 1000 mW/cm2
Shrinkage stress (MPa)
Flexural strength (MPa)
Flexural modulus (GPa)
Compressive Diametral tensile strength strength (MPa) (MPa)
5.33 ± 0.28a
6.04 ± 0.06a
1.35 ± 0.08a
111 ± 8a
4.5 ± 0.2a
315 ± 36a
5.27 4.96 3.81 3.78
± ± ± ±
0.16a 0.26a 0.00b 0.04b
6.22 5.48 4.18 4.23
± ± ± ±
0.51a 0.06b 0.00c 0.03c
81 ± 1a 69 57 63 59
± ± ± ±
1b 1c 1d 1c
1.97 2.28 1.30 1.84
± ± ± ±
0.10b 0.17c 0.10a 0.09b
116 122 111 111
± ± ± ±
6a 7a 8a 7a
4.4 9.4 6.5 5.4
± ± ± ±
0.1a 0.3b 0.1c 0.4d
301 271 211 335
± ± ± ±
23a 11b 7c 26a
43 ± 4a 59 55 48 61
± ± ± ±
3b 4b 4a 4b
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.099 99 Polymerization shrinkage stress and tooth-restoration interfacial debonding of bulk-fill composites R. Kim, I. Lee ∗ Seoul National University, Conservative Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and tooth-composite interfacial debonding during photopolymerization of bulk fill or conventional composites. Methods and materials: Polymerization shrinkage stresses of two high-viscosity bulk fill: SonicFill (SF, Kerr) and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNB, Ivoclar Vivadent), two low-viscosity flowable bulk fill: Filtek Bulk Fill (FB, 3M ESPE) and SureFil SDR Flow (SDR, Dentsply), one high-viscosity conventional: Filtek Z250 (Z250, 3M ESPE), and one low-viscosity conventional flowable: Filtek Z350 XT Flowable (Z350F, 3M ESPE) composites were measured using a laboratory made stress analyzer for 600 s (n = 5). Acoustic emission (AE) analysis was performed to evaluate the tooth-composite interfacial debonding for 2000 s
Keywords: Bulk-fill composite; Polymerization shrinkage stress; Acoustic emission http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.100 100 Polymer nanocarriers as new fillers for dental adhesives R. Osorio 1,∗ , E. Osorio 1 , Al Medina-Castillo 2 , M. Toledano 1 1
University of Granada, Spain Nanomyp, Spin-Off Enterprise University of Granada, Spain
2
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to incorporate zinc-loaded polymeric nanocarriers into a dental adhesive system without affecting bond strength, favoring ion-exchange for mineral precipitation within the resindentin bonded interface. Methods and materials: PolymP-active nanoparticles (nanoMyP) were zinc-loaded trough 30 min ZnCl2 immersion, and tested for bioactivity by means of 7 days immersion in simulated body fluid solution (Kokubo test). Zinc-loading and