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Polysubstance use and fragmented QRS
S706
P.6.f. Addiction − Other (clinical)
or interaction effects on measures of the PLMT. Analysis showed a main effect of Ayahuasca on number of correct responses in the PCT indicating that convergent thinking decreased after ingestion of ayahuasca compared to baseline performance. The present study has shown that ayahuasca promotes divergent thinking. This suggests that ayahuasca increases psychological flexibility, an ability which has been shown to be an important aspect in cognitive therapy [5]. It can therefore be suggested that ayahuasca possesses qualities that can promote the therapeutic process. However, additional research utilizing a placebocontrolled experimental design, including additional creativity measures is warranted before results can be generalized. References [1] McKenna, D.J., 2004. Clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: rationale and regulatory challenges. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 102, 111–129. [2] Riba, J., Romero, S., Grasa, E., Mena, E., Carri´o, I. Barbanoj, M., 2006. Increased frontal and paralimbic activation following ayahuasca, the pan-amazonian inebriant. Psychopharmacology 186, 93−98. [3] Schenberg, E.E., Alexandre, J.F.M., Filev, R., Cravo, A.M., Sato, J.R., Muthukumaraswamy, S.D., Yonamine, M., Waguespack, M., Lomnicka, I., Barker, S.A., da Silveira, D.X., 2015. Acute Biphasic Effects of Ayahuasca. PLoS ONE 10, e0137202. [4] Griffiths, R.R., Richards, W.A., McCann, U., Jesse, R., 2006. Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology 187, 268–283. [5] Forgeard, M.J.C., Elstein, J.G., 2014. Advancing the clinical science of creativity. Frontiers in Psychology 5, 1−4.
standard 12-lead ECGs were obtained simultaneously using a recorder set at a 25 mm/s paper speed and a voltage calibration of 10 mm/mV. fQRS and other ECG parameters were measured via this standard ECGs. Results: Substance use duration was 4.95±2.5 years and substance users were younger than the healthy controls (28.3±5.72 vs. 33.6±7.93 years, P = 0.001). fQRS frequency was significantly higher in polysubstance users than the healthy controls (n = 19 (40%) vs. n = 11 (20%), P = 0.032). QT and corrected QT (QTc) durations were also significantly longer in polysubstance users than the healthy controls (372±40.5 vs. 359±22.7 ms, p = 0.044; 420±20.2 vs. 395±22.1 ms, p < 0.001, respectively). Heart rate was not significant between substance users and controls (78.5±17.1 vs. 72.9±12.5, p = 0.066). There was no significant correlation between fQRS and substance use duration in the polysubstance users. Conclusion: Although polysubstance users of our study were younger than the healthy controls, polysubstance users displayed a statistically significant increase in frequency of fQRS and prolongation of the QT and QTc durations. Since polysubstance use was found to be related with the cardiovascular diseases and sudden cardiac death, the presence of fQRS may be a simple and cost-effective method for predicting cardiac associated diseases and mortality among polysubstance users. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to understand the frequency of fQRS in the polysubstance users. Consequently, the cardiovascular risks of polysubstance use may be detectable earlier. References
P.6.f.005 Polysubstance use and fragmented QRS M. Akku¸s1 ° , S. Cetin2 , A. Gen¸c3 , T. Kalelio˘glu1 , F. Zakirov4 , E. Guliyev4 , Y.H. Balcıo˘glu1 , N. Karamustafalıo˘glu1 , M. Em¨ul5 1 Bakırkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurology and ˙ Mental, Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey; 2 S¸ i¸sli Etfal Training and ˙ Education Hospital, Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey; 3 S¸ i¸sli Etfal ˙ Training and Education Hospital, Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey; 4 Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Psychiatry, Istanbul, ˙ Turkey; 5 Medical School of Cerrahpasa- Istanbul, Psychiatry, Istanbul, ˙ Turkey Aim: Polysubstance use is defined as the use of at least two different psychoactive substances in a defined period of time, either simultaneously or separately [1]. Clinical and postmortem studies have shown the significant adverse effects of the long-term abuse of illicit drugs on the cardiovascular system [2]. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is related to myocardial fibrosis and is associated with sudden cardiac death and predicts mortality [3]. fQRS was described as the presence of an additional R wave (R ) or R or S wave bridging, or the presence of fragmentation on two consecutive derivations that correspond to the major coronary artery regions [4]. The presence of a fQRS complex is easily evaluated by electrocardiography (ECG). In this study we aimed to examine the frequency of fQRS in polysubstance users and compare with healthy controls. We hypothesized that the frequency of fQRS on ECGs would be greater in the polysubstance users who do not have any medical diseases than in healthy controls. Method: Study groups were selected from outpatient clinics of Istanbul University Cerrahpa¸sa School of Medicine Hospital and Bakırk¨oy Research and Training Mental State Hospital. Fortyseven male polysubstance users who do not have any medical diseases and 53 healthy controls were included in the study. All
[1] Connor, J.P., Gullo, M.J., White, A., Kelly, A.B., 2014 Polysubstance use: diagnostic challenges, patterns of use and health. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 27(4):269–275. [2] Seltenhammer, M.H., Marchart, K., Paula, P., Kordina, N., Klupp, N., Schneider, B., Fitzl, C., Risser, D.U., 2013 Micromorphological changes in cardiac tissue of drug-related deaths with emphasis on chronic illicit opioid abuse. Addiction. 108(7):1287–1295. [3] Adar, A., Canyılmaz, E., Kiris, A., Ilter, A., Serdar, L., Memis, Y., Bahat, Z., Onalan, O., 2015 Radiotherapy Induces Development of Fragmented QRS in Patients with Breast Cancer. Breast Care 10(4):277– 280. [4] Das, M.K., Khan, B., Jacob, S., Kumar, A., Mahenthiran, J., 2006 Significance of a fragmented QRS complex versus a Q wave in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 113: 2495–2501.
P.6.f.008 A ten years follow-up on psychoactive tryptamines deliverance and results of analysis A.J. Palma Conesa1,2 ° , M. Grifell1,2 , P. Quintana3 , M. Ventura3 , I. Forn´ıs3 , L. Galindo1,2 , C. Gil3 , M.F. Fonseca1,2 , M. Farr´e4,5 , M. Torrens1,2,5 1 Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i AddiccionsParc de Salut Mar., Psychiatry, Barcelona, Spain; 2 Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions M`ediques- Parc de Salut Mar., Addiccions., Barcelona, Spain; 3 Asociaci´on Bienestar y Desarrollo- Energy Control., Drug monitoring., Barcelona, Spain; 4 Hospital Germans Tr´ıas i Pujol., Servei de Farmacolog´ıa Cl´ınica., Badalona, Spain; 5 Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona., Psychiatry, Barcelona, Spain Introduction: Currently only five simple tryptamines are worldwide regulated as hallucinogenic substances: psilocin (4-HODMT), psilocybin (4-PO-DMT), N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET or T-9), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and a-ethyltryptamine (etryptamine or a-ET). DMT is present in natural preparations
P.6.f. Addiction − Other (clinical)
or interaction effects on measures of the PLMT. Analysis showed a main effect of Ayahuasca on number of correct responses in the PCT indicating that convergent thinking decreased after ingestion of ayahuasca compared to baseline performance. The present study has shown that ayahuasca promotes divergent thinking. This suggests that ayahuasca increases psychological flexibility, an ability which has been shown to be an important aspect in cognitive therapy [5]. It can therefore be suggested that ayahuasca possesses qualities that can promote the therapeutic process. However, additional research utilizing a placebocontrolled experimental design, including additional creativity measures is warranted before results can be generalized. References [1] McKenna, D.J., 2004. Clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: rationale and regulatory challenges. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 102, 111–129. [2] Riba, J., Romero, S., Grasa, E., Mena, E., Carri´o, I. Barbanoj, M., 2006. Increased frontal and paralimbic activation following ayahuasca, the pan-amazonian inebriant. Psychopharmacology 186, 93−98. [3] Schenberg, E.E., Alexandre, J.F.M., Filev, R., Cravo, A.M., Sato, J.R., Muthukumaraswamy, S.D., Yonamine, M., Waguespack, M., Lomnicka, I., Barker, S.A., da Silveira, D.X., 2015. Acute Biphasic Effects of Ayahuasca. PLoS ONE 10, e0137202. [4] Griffiths, R.R., Richards, W.A., McCann, U., Jesse, R., 2006. Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology 187, 268–283. [5] Forgeard, M.J.C., Elstein, J.G., 2014. Advancing the clinical science of creativity. Frontiers in Psychology 5, 1−4.
standard 12-lead ECGs were obtained simultaneously using a recorder set at a 25 mm/s paper speed and a voltage calibration of 10 mm/mV. fQRS and other ECG parameters were measured via this standard ECGs. Results: Substance use duration was 4.95±2.5 years and substance users were younger than the healthy controls (28.3±5.72 vs. 33.6±7.93 years, P = 0.001). fQRS frequency was significantly higher in polysubstance users than the healthy controls (n = 19 (40%) vs. n = 11 (20%), P = 0.032). QT and corrected QT (QTc) durations were also significantly longer in polysubstance users than the healthy controls (372±40.5 vs. 359±22.7 ms, p = 0.044; 420±20.2 vs. 395±22.1 ms, p < 0.001, respectively). Heart rate was not significant between substance users and controls (78.5±17.1 vs. 72.9±12.5, p = 0.066). There was no significant correlation between fQRS and substance use duration in the polysubstance users. Conclusion: Although polysubstance users of our study were younger than the healthy controls, polysubstance users displayed a statistically significant increase in frequency of fQRS and prolongation of the QT and QTc durations. Since polysubstance use was found to be related with the cardiovascular diseases and sudden cardiac death, the presence of fQRS may be a simple and cost-effective method for predicting cardiac associated diseases and mortality among polysubstance users. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to understand the frequency of fQRS in the polysubstance users. Consequently, the cardiovascular risks of polysubstance use may be detectable earlier. References
P.6.f.005 Polysubstance use and fragmented QRS M. Akku¸s1 ° , S. Cetin2 , A. Gen¸c3 , T. Kalelio˘glu1 , F. Zakirov4 , E. Guliyev4 , Y.H. Balcıo˘glu1 , N. Karamustafalıo˘glu1 , M. Em¨ul5 1 Bakırkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurology and ˙ Mental, Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey; 2 S¸ i¸sli Etfal Training and ˙ Education Hospital, Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey; 3 S¸ i¸sli Etfal ˙ Training and Education Hospital, Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey; 4 Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Psychiatry, Istanbul, ˙ Turkey; 5 Medical School of Cerrahpasa- Istanbul, Psychiatry, Istanbul, ˙ Turkey Aim: Polysubstance use is defined as the use of at least two different psychoactive substances in a defined period of time, either simultaneously or separately [1]. Clinical and postmortem studies have shown the significant adverse effects of the long-term abuse of illicit drugs on the cardiovascular system [2]. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is related to myocardial fibrosis and is associated with sudden cardiac death and predicts mortality [3]. fQRS was described as the presence of an additional R wave (R ) or R or S wave bridging, or the presence of fragmentation on two consecutive derivations that correspond to the major coronary artery regions [4]. The presence of a fQRS complex is easily evaluated by electrocardiography (ECG). In this study we aimed to examine the frequency of fQRS in polysubstance users and compare with healthy controls. We hypothesized that the frequency of fQRS on ECGs would be greater in the polysubstance users who do not have any medical diseases than in healthy controls. Method: Study groups were selected from outpatient clinics of Istanbul University Cerrahpa¸sa School of Medicine Hospital and Bakırk¨oy Research and Training Mental State Hospital. Fortyseven male polysubstance users who do not have any medical diseases and 53 healthy controls were included in the study. All
[1] Connor, J.P., Gullo, M.J., White, A., Kelly, A.B., 2014 Polysubstance use: diagnostic challenges, patterns of use and health. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 27(4):269–275. [2] Seltenhammer, M.H., Marchart, K., Paula, P., Kordina, N., Klupp, N., Schneider, B., Fitzl, C., Risser, D.U., 2013 Micromorphological changes in cardiac tissue of drug-related deaths with emphasis on chronic illicit opioid abuse. Addiction. 108(7):1287–1295. [3] Adar, A., Canyılmaz, E., Kiris, A., Ilter, A., Serdar, L., Memis, Y., Bahat, Z., Onalan, O., 2015 Radiotherapy Induces Development of Fragmented QRS in Patients with Breast Cancer. Breast Care 10(4):277– 280. [4] Das, M.K., Khan, B., Jacob, S., Kumar, A., Mahenthiran, J., 2006 Significance of a fragmented QRS complex versus a Q wave in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 113: 2495–2501.
P.6.f.008 A ten years follow-up on psychoactive tryptamines deliverance and results of analysis A.J. Palma Conesa1,2 ° , M. Grifell1,2 , P. Quintana3 , M. Ventura3 , I. Forn´ıs3 , L. Galindo1,2 , C. Gil3 , M.F. Fonseca1,2 , M. Farr´e4,5 , M. Torrens1,2,5 1 Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i AddiccionsParc de Salut Mar., Psychiatry, Barcelona, Spain; 2 Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions M`ediques- Parc de Salut Mar., Addiccions., Barcelona, Spain; 3 Asociaci´on Bienestar y Desarrollo- Energy Control., Drug monitoring., Barcelona, Spain; 4 Hospital Germans Tr´ıas i Pujol., Servei de Farmacolog´ıa Cl´ınica., Badalona, Spain; 5 Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona., Psychiatry, Barcelona, Spain Introduction: Currently only five simple tryptamines are worldwide regulated as hallucinogenic substances: psilocin (4-HODMT), psilocybin (4-PO-DMT), N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET or T-9), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and a-ethyltryptamine (etryptamine or a-ET). DMT is present in natural preparations