Polyvinylidene difluoride membrane

Detection potentials

of transmembrane by optical methods

Large-pore synthetic membranes

Applicant: University of California, USA Methods

and

compositions

determining

the potential

one aspect, first

the method

reagent,

fluorescent

are provided

for

of a membrane.

In

involves

comprising

ion capable

introducing

a

of redistributing

from a

first face to a second

face of the membrane

response

in the

to changes

membrane,

as described

potential

which

labels

membrane.

the A

chromophore transfer

first

by either

donating

to the fluorescent

ion, or accepting

between reagent

The

fluorescent

ion

is measured,

related

is typically

resonance.

energy and

reagents

are bound

linker.

In one

aspect

identify

compounds

potentials

which

in biological

transfer is

the first and by a suitable is used

modulate

to

membrane

membranes.

2000

This membrane-based

multiple

blood

a blood

distributor

flow path.

The

the housing

has a

each

across

shaft, with

and

hollow

the housing

blood

distributor

discs rotate

within

resulting

in three-

mixing,

disruption

layer and efficient

of the blood

blood

Inventors: H.S. Borovetz,

I? Litwak,

Publication date: 22 August

spiral

disclosed. filtration

membrane

units, spiralled by a lattice laths

passageways. arranged along and/o!

These

to form

are bridged

the passageways disrupt

passageways, membrane functionality

which

multiple gross

fluid

directing surface which

improves

ating a co-polymer obtain

>5%

and sulfonated

of styrene of styrene

and butadiene

unsaturation, with

and

an acetyl

and

human to

where

the fluid

constructed exchange

resins and terminal

series.

The

terminal

or ultrafiltration) with

Inventors: B.M. Sheikh-AIi,

G.E. Wnek

treated

2000

In

with

membrane

the permeable

Patent number: WO 00/51701

materials

polymer

solutions

membranes

formed

Both

and highly disclosed.

by casting

PVDF

and/or

dispersions.

The

in this way are all highly isotropic

asymmetric

PVDF

The membranes

are

are useful in various

applications.

filter element

Publication date: 8 September

Filtering A

process

is

including R. Zepf

milk

substrate

which

has a

a scrimed

needled

felt,

selected

from

about a base

needled

felt, woven

separator

with

The substrate

form

fluid

materials. point which

spaced

PTFE

deflect

relative

the

supported

the

attached

arrangement.

and

membrane

protein pH

upward,

substrate

filtering material,

substrate

melted

KM. Nadkarni

Publication date: 22 August

2000

Publication date: 29 August

membrane is

compared milk.

Appropriate

to engage

the

permeate

with

in alpha

lactalbumin,

beneficial

for human

result a protein

in

more of the lOO%,

content

of the

by about

50%,

from standard of

at least

composition a protein

that

processing one

filter

enriched is highly

nutrition.

Patent number: WO 00151440 Inventors:

2000

a

to nearly

retentate

selection

conditions

A.J. Thill,

retentate

of

of solution

in the solubility

with a similar can

range

in the calcium

filtered

yields

compositions

including

in cold water

the

J.R Doehla,

I?W. Hessinger

an increase

retentates

alkali,

and membrane

selected

a broad

down

the treated

in improyed

utility,

flavour,

cooling,

the pH

acid,

having

improved

palatable

heating,

milk alkali,

of the appropriate

results

proteins

by

and fix it to the substrate.

Inventors: W.H. Thalmann,

porosity

and an increase

and

Patent number: US 6110249 Inventors: B.D. Medcalf,

Patent number: US 6106715

The

membrane

with

dried

upstream,

in the gas stream

Selection temperatures,

retentate

an

and dia-filtering

pH values,

an

and

selecting

and adjusting

composition. filter

treating

milk composition,

concentrate

by

an acid,

viscosities,

has a melting

is located

by the substrate. to the

membrane

and mesh.

at least two different material

to the substrate

through

second

second

fabric

is lower than the first. An expanded

filtering

against

a self-cleaning

comprises

The

The

a substrate

for

fluid

whey, the

selecting

described neutral

added

adjusting

2000

in a gas stream.

2000

milk proteins

approximately plus

is located

comprises

while

quality.

Applicant: New Zealand Dairy Board, NZ

membranes

membranes

fluid to injection

Inventor: M.A. Taylor

polymeric

formed

internally

produces

high flow rates at kelatively low pressures,

Group, USA membrane

osmotic

membrane

still safely purifying

to synthetic

chemistry.

semi-permeable

Applicant: USF Filtration and Separations relates

a fine

membrane,

an endotoxin-binding

contrast

ion-

stages in

comprises

permeable

a

a depth

mixed-bed

filtration

filter

(micro-

Publication date: 29 August

into

pack is

for a single use, and houses

sulfate

to

application,

purification

carbon,

for

water,

is injected

body. The portable unit, activated

agent to at least 30 mol% sulfonate.

difluoride

for medical

filtration

sulfonation

are disclosed

as potable

then

the polymer

invention

reagent.

2000

methods such

levels suitable

particularly

by hydrogen-

sulfonating

This

or mobility

of the precipitation

a fluid,

quality

and butadiene.

is obtained

residual

at different

Water purification

for fuel cells

of a hydrogenated membrane

are eluted

on their solubility

Applicant: PrismedicaJCorporation, USA purifying

membranes

co-polymer

Sample

or cells intro-

Publication date: 8 September

R. Zepf

An apparatus

statistical

channel.

Patent number: WO 00152461

fuel cell membrane

scrimless

the efficiency

the service life of the membrane

in the presence

position-

precipitation

2000

structure

shears

flow

and creating

large

These

are composed

in one

into this channel

times depending

two

Inventor: Y. It0

R.A. Morris,

elongated

divide,

fluid

duced

Applicant: Dais-Analytic Corporation, USA

A filter element is

by cross-laths,

fluid

which

is produced

and of

such as macro-molecules

of the

side.

Membranelbi-component

up of opposing

spaced

primary

pores on the exposed

concentration

entities

comprises a semi-permeable

A time-dependent

reagent

air to create

through

dependent

dispersions formulations.

apparatus

coupled

membrane.

membranes

Applicant: BHA Technologies Inc, USA

arrangement

axis and separated

flow

Patent number: US 6110369

ion-conducting

separation

fractionation

channels

before ultrafiltering

assembly

membrane

It is made

to humid

Publication date: 29 August

Applicant: Infinitex Corporation, USA novel

casting

in the

involves exposure

Inventors: I.-F. Wang, J.F. Ditter,

M. Gartner,

2000

filtration

The

metastable

technique

membrane

surface

superior

Patent number: US 6110309

G.D. Reeder, I? Sawzik

A

both

homogenous

microfiltration

oxygenation.

Patent number: US 6106776

Membrane

from

porous.

to mix the blood,

dimensional boundary

lumen

discs

extend

oxygenator

flow path, a rotor hub

of a double

fibres which

and

points

and

are described.

can be cast from

Polyvinylidene

Applicant: University of Pittsburgh, USA

form

characteristics,

bubble

psid,

with

membranes,

Blood oxygenation

in the

yield

membranes

Patent number: US 6110616

Patent number: US 6107066

defining

which 0.5-25

A preferred

Inventors: R.Y. Tsien, J.E. Gonzalez

housing

of

Ion-conducting

transfer

method

Publication date: 22 August

pores

range

Publication ahe: 29 August

The energy

together

the

large

polymeric

energy

by fluorescence

In some embodiments

second

asymmetric

Inventors: J. Ditter,

the second

potential.

measured

Highly

excited-state

and the energy

to the membrane

transfer

a

ion. The membrane

to radiation. the

This

energy

excited-state

energy from the fluorescent is exposed

of the

of undergoing

Services, USA

Group, USA

cast

comprises

Chromatographic

Applicant: Department of Health & Human

Applicant: USF Filtration and Separations

The synthesis

reagent

face

reagent

capable

equation.

a second

or second

second

in

of the

by the Nernst

It may also involve introducing

a

hydrophobic

polymer

N.D.

Blazey, R.J. Knights,

Publication ahe: 8 September

C. Wu

2000

Membrane Technology No. 129