- Email: [email protected]
Possibilities of the ionization vacuum gauge as a vacuum measuring standard—I. Ionization gauge as primary standard
Classified abstracts 48-60 measurements with processes occurring at temperatures other than ambient, and significance of temperature in vacuum gauges working at temperatures other than ambient. Temperature effects are considered in several types of vacuum gauges which can be used for vacuum calibration such as U-tube, MacLeod, Knudsen and ionization vacuum gauges. A Blaha, Jemna Meeh Optika, 17 (2), Feb 1972, 35-40 (in Czech). 22 48. On the shape of mass peaks in three-dimensional quadrupole mass spectrometer. (USSR) Results of calculations on the shape of mass peaks in a three-dimensional quadrupole mass spectrometer are presented for various conditions under which electron ionizing current is introduced. It is shown that with a change of conditions in electron current introduction, the shape of the mass peak and the position of the line of maximum sensitivity on the stability diagram are also changed. The shape of the mass peak is calculated for the phase method of electron current introduction. The results of calculation arc verified experimentally. E P Sheretov and V A Zenkin, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (1), Jan 1972, 199-202
(in Russian). 22 49. Possibilities of the ionization vacuum gauge as a vacuum measuring standard--I. Ionization gauge as primary standard. (Czechoslovakia) The theory of operation of the Bayard-Alpert ionization gauge is discussed. Theoretical solutions representing the ionizing action of electron current and the orbiting and collection of the ions produced, are presented. It is concluded that in spite of the very advanced state of theoretical research on ionization in a cylindrical logarithmic field, it is impossible to calculate reliably the parameters of the ionization gauge and to take it as primary vacuum standard. A Blaha, Jemna Mech Optika, 16 (11), 1971, 296-300 (in Czech). 26. AUTOMATIC PROTECTIVE AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT 26 50. Manostut for pressure regulation of liquid helium vapour. (Czechoslovakia) Construction and performance of a manostat are described for pressure regulation of liquid helium vapour in a cryostat with sensitivity better than A_0.1 torr. J Veprek and J Dupak, Jemna Mech Optika, 17 (2), Feb 1972, 47 (in
Czech).
III.
Vacuum applications
30. EVAPORATION A N D SPUTTERING 30 51. Photoelectric properties of films of the system Sb2Se3-Bi2S3. (USSR) Films, 0.3 to 0.4 lam thick, were prepared by evaporation of polycrystalline samples from a tantalum boat on to glass substrates in vacuum of 5 × 10 -5 torr using either a high deposition rate of 100 A/s or a low deposition rate of 15 to 20/~/s. It is shown that the investigated films possess high photosensitivity in a broad spectral region with low inertia and the films can be used as highly sensitive photoresistors. L G Gribnyak, lzv VUZFiz, No 1, 1972, 140-142 (in Russian). 30 52. Evaluation of the grain size of a tungsten coating deposited from gas phase. (USSR) A method of determining the grain size in coatings of gas-phase deposited tungsten is described. Hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride on heated substrate is used for deposition. Yu V Andreev et al, Zavodsk Lab, 38 (2), 1972, 191-196 (in Russian). 30 53. Electron microscopy of the magnetic structure of thin films. (USSR) Application of transmission electron microscopy to the study of magnetic structure in thin ferromagnetic films is considered. Experimental results of investigation of domain configurations in single crystal foils and polycrystalline films are presented. Fine structure of magnetization in domains in thin films is studied as a function of
film composition, grain size, substrate temperature and residual gas pressure during deposition. V I Petrov et al, Uspekhi Fiz Nauk, 106 (2), Feb 1972, 229-278 (in
Russian). 30 54. Electro-physical properties of films of alkyl-substituted analogues of anthracene. (USSR) Electrical conductivity and photoconductivity of thin films of alkylsubstituted analogues of anthracene are investigated. The films were prepared by sublimation in vacuum. N F Itchenko, Fiz Tekh Polup, 5 (11), 1971, 2194-2195 (in Russian). 30 55. The effect of anomalously high photo-voltage in lead iodide films. (USSR) The effect of anomalously high photo-voltage was observed in lead iodide films. The films were prepared by vacuum evaporation at 1-3 × 10 -5 torr of lead iodide powder from a nickel boat on mica substrates at an incidence angle of 30 ° with deposition rates of 15 to 30 .~/s. Silver electrodes were also deposited by vacuum evaporation. E M Uskov and V P Petrov, Fiz TekhPolup, 5 (11), 1971, 2204-2207
(in Russian). 30 56. Thickness dependenee of the eleetrieal properties of thin films of Cs0.1Hg0.gTe. (Poland) The dependences of the Hall coefficient and Hall mobility on thickness of Cs0.1Hg0.gTe films are studied. The films were prepared by evaporation in vacuum on mica substrates and by treatment in Hg vapour. Structure of the films is investigated with the aid of an electron microscope. S A Ignatowiez and A Milezarek, Elektronika, 12 (11), 1971, 422-443
(in Polish). 30 57. Passage of de current in metal-CdSe-SiOx-metal structure. (Poland) The dc current-voltage characteristics of vacuum evaporated metalCdSe-SiOx-metal structures on ruby substrates are investigated. The results are compared with capacitance-voltage measurements. It appears that conduction across the structure may be controlled by the phenomena occurring at the CdSe-SiOx interface. P Jagodzinski et al, Elektronika, 12 (11), 1971, 443-444 (in Polish). 30 58. The Faraday effect in nickel films. (USSR) The frequency dependence of the Faraday effect during transmission of light through thin nickel films prepared by evaporation in vacuum at 1 × 10 -5 torr is measured. Experimental results are discussed. V S Guschin et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (11), 1971, 3438-3440 (in Russian). 30 59. Epitaxial growth of Ti, V, Cr and Mn on LiF and NaCI crystals. (USSR) Epitaxy of Ti, V, Cr and Mn is investigated for vacuum condensation on the (001) surface of vacuum-cleaved NaCI crystals and thin epitaxial (001) films of LiF, using the methods of electron diffraction. The metallic films were obtained by thermal evaporation in vacuum at 10 -4 torr. The deposition rate was 100-150/~/s in all cases. It is found that in very thin films, titanium forms face centered cubic lattice. With film growth the hexagonal phase appears in the form of twins on (111) planes of the face centered cubic phase. Mn forms body centered cubic lattice in very thin films with thickness up to 100 A.. V and Cr are condensed in body centered cubic lattice. Differences in orientation of crystallites of V and Cr with respect to substrate are observed. V G Pynko et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (1 t), 1971, 3334-3337 (in Russian). 30 60. Influence of electric field on the decoration process. (USSR) Influence of external electric field on the decoration process of alkali halide and semiconductor crystals is investigated with the aid of an electron microscope. On the NaC1 crystal heated to 250°C an island layer of SnSe was deposited. Then in a capacitor with electric field, condensation of a small amount of gold was performed. The results of experiments confirm the determining role of electrical charges on the surface layer on the processes of selective nucleation of particles of the condensing phase. A A Sokol, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (12), 1971, 3692-3695 (in Russian). 35
(in Russian). 22 49. Possibilities of the ionization vacuum gauge as a vacuum measuring standard--I. Ionization gauge as primary standard. (Czechoslovakia) The theory of operation of the Bayard-Alpert ionization gauge is discussed. Theoretical solutions representing the ionizing action of electron current and the orbiting and collection of the ions produced, are presented. It is concluded that in spite of the very advanced state of theoretical research on ionization in a cylindrical logarithmic field, it is impossible to calculate reliably the parameters of the ionization gauge and to take it as primary vacuum standard. A Blaha, Jemna Mech Optika, 16 (11), 1971, 296-300 (in Czech). 26. AUTOMATIC PROTECTIVE AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT 26 50. Manostut for pressure regulation of liquid helium vapour. (Czechoslovakia) Construction and performance of a manostat are described for pressure regulation of liquid helium vapour in a cryostat with sensitivity better than A_0.1 torr. J Veprek and J Dupak, Jemna Mech Optika, 17 (2), Feb 1972, 47 (in
Czech).
III.
Vacuum applications
30. EVAPORATION A N D SPUTTERING 30 51. Photoelectric properties of films of the system Sb2Se3-Bi2S3. (USSR) Films, 0.3 to 0.4 lam thick, were prepared by evaporation of polycrystalline samples from a tantalum boat on to glass substrates in vacuum of 5 × 10 -5 torr using either a high deposition rate of 100 A/s or a low deposition rate of 15 to 20/~/s. It is shown that the investigated films possess high photosensitivity in a broad spectral region with low inertia and the films can be used as highly sensitive photoresistors. L G Gribnyak, lzv VUZFiz, No 1, 1972, 140-142 (in Russian). 30 52. Evaluation of the grain size of a tungsten coating deposited from gas phase. (USSR) A method of determining the grain size in coatings of gas-phase deposited tungsten is described. Hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride on heated substrate is used for deposition. Yu V Andreev et al, Zavodsk Lab, 38 (2), 1972, 191-196 (in Russian). 30 53. Electron microscopy of the magnetic structure of thin films. (USSR) Application of transmission electron microscopy to the study of magnetic structure in thin ferromagnetic films is considered. Experimental results of investigation of domain configurations in single crystal foils and polycrystalline films are presented. Fine structure of magnetization in domains in thin films is studied as a function of
film composition, grain size, substrate temperature and residual gas pressure during deposition. V I Petrov et al, Uspekhi Fiz Nauk, 106 (2), Feb 1972, 229-278 (in
Russian). 30 54. Electro-physical properties of films of alkyl-substituted analogues of anthracene. (USSR) Electrical conductivity and photoconductivity of thin films of alkylsubstituted analogues of anthracene are investigated. The films were prepared by sublimation in vacuum. N F Itchenko, Fiz Tekh Polup, 5 (11), 1971, 2194-2195 (in Russian). 30 55. The effect of anomalously high photo-voltage in lead iodide films. (USSR) The effect of anomalously high photo-voltage was observed in lead iodide films. The films were prepared by vacuum evaporation at 1-3 × 10 -5 torr of lead iodide powder from a nickel boat on mica substrates at an incidence angle of 30 ° with deposition rates of 15 to 30 .~/s. Silver electrodes were also deposited by vacuum evaporation. E M Uskov and V P Petrov, Fiz TekhPolup, 5 (11), 1971, 2204-2207
(in Russian). 30 56. Thickness dependenee of the eleetrieal properties of thin films of Cs0.1Hg0.gTe. (Poland) The dependences of the Hall coefficient and Hall mobility on thickness of Cs0.1Hg0.gTe films are studied. The films were prepared by evaporation in vacuum on mica substrates and by treatment in Hg vapour. Structure of the films is investigated with the aid of an electron microscope. S A Ignatowiez and A Milezarek, Elektronika, 12 (11), 1971, 422-443
(in Polish). 30 57. Passage of de current in metal-CdSe-SiOx-metal structure. (Poland) The dc current-voltage characteristics of vacuum evaporated metalCdSe-SiOx-metal structures on ruby substrates are investigated. The results are compared with capacitance-voltage measurements. It appears that conduction across the structure may be controlled by the phenomena occurring at the CdSe-SiOx interface. P Jagodzinski et al, Elektronika, 12 (11), 1971, 443-444 (in Polish). 30 58. The Faraday effect in nickel films. (USSR) The frequency dependence of the Faraday effect during transmission of light through thin nickel films prepared by evaporation in vacuum at 1 × 10 -5 torr is measured. Experimental results are discussed. V S Guschin et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (11), 1971, 3438-3440 (in Russian). 30 59. Epitaxial growth of Ti, V, Cr and Mn on LiF and NaCI crystals. (USSR) Epitaxy of Ti, V, Cr and Mn is investigated for vacuum condensation on the (001) surface of vacuum-cleaved NaCI crystals and thin epitaxial (001) films of LiF, using the methods of electron diffraction. The metallic films were obtained by thermal evaporation in vacuum at 10 -4 torr. The deposition rate was 100-150/~/s in all cases. It is found that in very thin films, titanium forms face centered cubic lattice. With film growth the hexagonal phase appears in the form of twins on (111) planes of the face centered cubic phase. Mn forms body centered cubic lattice in very thin films with thickness up to 100 A.. V and Cr are condensed in body centered cubic lattice. Differences in orientation of crystallites of V and Cr with respect to substrate are observed. V G Pynko et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (1 t), 1971, 3334-3337 (in Russian). 30 60. Influence of electric field on the decoration process. (USSR) Influence of external electric field on the decoration process of alkali halide and semiconductor crystals is investigated with the aid of an electron microscope. On the NaC1 crystal heated to 250°C an island layer of SnSe was deposited. Then in a capacitor with electric field, condensation of a small amount of gold was performed. The results of experiments confirm the determining role of electrical charges on the surface layer on the processes of selective nucleation of particles of the condensing phase. A A Sokol, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (12), 1971, 3692-3695 (in Russian). 35