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Powder metallurgy and powder technology in Japan
Review P M '90 C O N F E R E N C E LONDON The following abstracts are of papers presented at the above conference which was held in London, UK, July 2-6, 1990. The p a p e r s were printed in three volumes. Each abstract contains the volume, p a p e r and page numbers. Unless otherwise stated the papers are in English.
amplitude and factors describing the S-N curve are defined. Data relevant to design such as S-N curves, effect of notches, mean stresses and fracture toughness properties are presented. Influence of manufacturing variables on fatigue properties of sintered steels are discussed. Stress analysis of PM components is performed and the stress distribution in the most critical regions of PM components is determined. For fatigue life assessment local stresses are compared with material properties in order to evaluate the design. Attention is drawn to the importance of scatter in properties, loading in manufacture and service and safety factor. An example of the design procedure for PM components is given.
A further selection of abstacts will be published in next month's issue. ENGINEERING CERAMICS R J Brook, (Max-Planck-Institutefor Materials Research, Stuttgart, Germany). Vol 1, Paper P3, 89-95. In English, French and German.
PM90 PLENARY PAPERS
PROCESSING, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED ALLOY POWDERS
A brief review of factors influencing the application of ceramics in engineering. Attention is drawn to the gap between the potential of ceramics and scale of actual use. Properties, defects, the need for their avoidance and strengthening mechanisms and costs involved are discussed.
Ltd, Japan). Vol 1, Paper G2, 123-142. In English, French and German. The rapid growth in the use of PM materials by Japanese industry in a wide range of applications is discussed. Attention is drawn to a number of recent developments including high critical temperature (Tc) superconductors, structural intermetallics and functionally g r a d i e n t m a t e r i a l s ( m a t e r i a l s with a composition gradient between a metal side and a ceramic side). The role of Japanese trade and scientific organizations in promoting PM is considered. POWDER METALLURGY PROCESSING: A PERSPECTIVE FOR NORTH AMERICA A Lawley, (Dept of Materials Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA). Vol 1, Paper G3, 143-156. Trends in practice in the American PM industry are p r e s e n t e d and e v a l u a t e d . R e c e n t commercial and near-commercial developments are briefly considered with the objective of demonstrating the healthy condition of the PM industry in North America. Future opportunities are defined.
H A Davies, (School of Materials, The University, Sheffield, UK). Vol 1, Paper P1, 1-41. In English, French and German. Processes for production of rapidly quenched particulates and aspects relating to their consolidation are reviewed, and compared with respect to their ability to promote microstructural and c o n s t i t u t i o n a l modifications for improved properties. Applications with respect to A1, Fe, Ni and Cu alloys and Fe-Rare earth magnetic materials are discussed and compared with spray-formed and mechanically alloyed materials.
FATIGUE DESIGN FOR POWDER METALLURGY
CM Sonsino, (Fraunhofer-Institut fur Betriebsfestigkeit, Darmstadt, Germany). Vol 1, Paper P2, 42-88. In English, French and German. Parameters in fatigue, fatigue strength in low, medium and high cycle regions, fatigue (endurance limit) under constant loading
MPR November 1990
PROGRESS IN EUROPEAN POWDER METALLURGY L Arnberg, et al, (Swedish Institute for Metals Research, Stockholm, Sweden). Vol 1, Paper G 1, 96-122. In English, French and German. All aspects of recent developments in PM technology are reviewed. Structure/property relationships are discussed and examples of new materials and products are presented. The growth of the PM industry is considered in terms of quantity of metal powder used and increase in the amount of research and development.
POWDER METALLURGY AND POWDER TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN N Fumkawa, (Sumitomo Electric Industries
PRODUCTION OF FINE METAL POWDERS BY TWO-STEP ATOMIZATION D Stock, et ai, (Foundry-Institute, Aachen, Germany). Vol 1, Paper 1,158-167. A two-step atomization process, needed for economic production of high quality powders, in this case pure Fe and CuSn6, is described. The parameters of high quality are defined as small particle size and low 02 concentrations. The process uses gas atomization first and subsequently high pressure water atomization. Using the same process parameters, the particle size is claimed to be reduced by 50% and 02 content by 85%, by use of two-stage distance between gas and water nozzles. Mathematical analysis is carried out and good agreement is claimed with experimental results. It is explained that finer particles are p r o d u c e d because second stage water atomization prevents agglomeration of the fine p a r t i c l e s p r o d u c e d in first stage gas atomization.
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amplitude and factors describing the S-N curve are defined. Data relevant to design such as S-N curves, effect of notches, mean stresses and fracture toughness properties are presented. Influence of manufacturing variables on fatigue properties of sintered steels are discussed. Stress analysis of PM components is performed and the stress distribution in the most critical regions of PM components is determined. For fatigue life assessment local stresses are compared with material properties in order to evaluate the design. Attention is drawn to the importance of scatter in properties, loading in manufacture and service and safety factor. An example of the design procedure for PM components is given.
A further selection of abstacts will be published in next month's issue. ENGINEERING CERAMICS R J Brook, (Max-Planck-Institutefor Materials Research, Stuttgart, Germany). Vol 1, Paper P3, 89-95. In English, French and German.
PM90 PLENARY PAPERS
PROCESSING, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED ALLOY POWDERS
A brief review of factors influencing the application of ceramics in engineering. Attention is drawn to the gap between the potential of ceramics and scale of actual use. Properties, defects, the need for their avoidance and strengthening mechanisms and costs involved are discussed.
Ltd, Japan). Vol 1, Paper G2, 123-142. In English, French and German. The rapid growth in the use of PM materials by Japanese industry in a wide range of applications is discussed. Attention is drawn to a number of recent developments including high critical temperature (Tc) superconductors, structural intermetallics and functionally g r a d i e n t m a t e r i a l s ( m a t e r i a l s with a composition gradient between a metal side and a ceramic side). The role of Japanese trade and scientific organizations in promoting PM is considered. POWDER METALLURGY PROCESSING: A PERSPECTIVE FOR NORTH AMERICA A Lawley, (Dept of Materials Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA). Vol 1, Paper G3, 143-156. Trends in practice in the American PM industry are p r e s e n t e d and e v a l u a t e d . R e c e n t commercial and near-commercial developments are briefly considered with the objective of demonstrating the healthy condition of the PM industry in North America. Future opportunities are defined.
H A Davies, (School of Materials, The University, Sheffield, UK). Vol 1, Paper P1, 1-41. In English, French and German. Processes for production of rapidly quenched particulates and aspects relating to their consolidation are reviewed, and compared with respect to their ability to promote microstructural and c o n s t i t u t i o n a l modifications for improved properties. Applications with respect to A1, Fe, Ni and Cu alloys and Fe-Rare earth magnetic materials are discussed and compared with spray-formed and mechanically alloyed materials.
FATIGUE DESIGN FOR POWDER METALLURGY
CM Sonsino, (Fraunhofer-Institut fur Betriebsfestigkeit, Darmstadt, Germany). Vol 1, Paper P2, 42-88. In English, French and German. Parameters in fatigue, fatigue strength in low, medium and high cycle regions, fatigue (endurance limit) under constant loading
MPR November 1990
PROGRESS IN EUROPEAN POWDER METALLURGY L Arnberg, et al, (Swedish Institute for Metals Research, Stockholm, Sweden). Vol 1, Paper G 1, 96-122. In English, French and German. All aspects of recent developments in PM technology are reviewed. Structure/property relationships are discussed and examples of new materials and products are presented. The growth of the PM industry is considered in terms of quantity of metal powder used and increase in the amount of research and development.
POWDER METALLURGY AND POWDER TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN N Fumkawa, (Sumitomo Electric Industries
PRODUCTION OF FINE METAL POWDERS BY TWO-STEP ATOMIZATION D Stock, et ai, (Foundry-Institute, Aachen, Germany). Vol 1, Paper 1,158-167. A two-step atomization process, needed for economic production of high quality powders, in this case pure Fe and CuSn6, is described. The parameters of high quality are defined as small particle size and low 02 concentrations. The process uses gas atomization first and subsequently high pressure water atomization. Using the same process parameters, the particle size is claimed to be reduced by 50% and 02 content by 85%, by use of two-stage distance between gas and water nozzles. Mathematical analysis is carried out and good agreement is claimed with experimental results. It is explained that finer particles are p r o d u c e d because second stage water atomization prevents agglomeration of the fine p a r t i c l e s p r o d u c e d in first stage gas atomization.
783