- Email: [email protected]
Powering the 21st century with Ballard fuel cells
17 Energy (supplies, policy, economics, forecasts) measurement in each feed line to control NO, formation during combustion and other system optimization variables. The cost of the proposed system is anticipated to be less than half that of the present, state-of-the-art, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process. This integrated system should be available for market application in 2002. This effort, led by ALSTOM, is supported by team members including Consumers Energy; Indianapolis Power & Light; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Progress Materials, Inc.; Scottish Power, Reliant Energy; U.S. DOE/NETL and Dominion Generation. This project includes pilot scale testing at ALSTOM’s US Power Plant Laboratory Drop Tube Furnace System (DTFS), Pulverizer Development Facility (PDF), and 17.5 MW, Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF). This 21-month project is expected to culminate in utility-scale products, which ALSTOM should make commercially available in 2002. This paper provides a status report of the project development efforts.
02lO1738 Utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas tluorescens isolated from a petroleumcontaminated soil Barathi, S. and Vasudevan, N. Environmenf Inrernafional, 2001, 26, (56), 413-416. A strain of Pseudomonas J7uorescen.9, isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was examined for its ability to utilize a variety of hydrocarbon substrates. Surface tension measurements indicated the production of biosurfactant during the microbial degradation of hydrocarbon. The organism utilized both short and long chain n-alkanes. It emulsified a number of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
02fO1741
Innovative coal conversion technology to clean
energy Kamijo, T. el al. Proc. In!. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 2001,26th, 827-834. The Center for Coal Utilization, Japan (CCUJ) has promoted clean coal technology programs to develop innovative coal conversion technology to clean energy, form the viewpoint of countermeasures for global warming issues and maintenance of energy security in Japan. The di-Me ether (DME) synthesis technology has been developed as oil alternative technology and development of hydrogen manufacturing technology with nearly super critical water state is underway. DME is expected to become a substitute for propane gas in wide application fields or for diesel fuel. A 5 ton/day bench-scale plant successfully synthesized DME by a charging coal bed with methane and/or a model coal gasification gas. The advanced hydrogen production process utilizes water at high pressure and high temperature to decompose coal in order to produce hydrogen at high concentration Commercialization of these technologies is necessary for coping with future environmental issues and realizing clean power systems using coal.
Powering the 21st century with Ballard fuel cells 02/01742 Voss, H. Journal ofPower Sources, 2001, 96, (I), 179. It is widely accepted that fuel cell technology will create a critical and lasting shift in energy generation and use during the 21st century. This paper will discuss Ballard’s product development, demonstration and market development activities focused on the introduction of products into portable and compact power applications. 02/01743
The new inertinite classification (ICCP system
1994)
16
Fuel, 2001, 80, (4J. 459471. In the new classfication (ICCP System 1994) the maceral group inertinite has been enlarged to include seven macerals by replacing the former maceral sclerotinite by two others, called funginite and secretinite. Funginite consists of fungal remains only, whereas secretinite comprises inert residues that are similar to fungal sclerotia in their optical characteristics but are, in fact, oxidized and subsequently coalified plant excretions. This revision necessitated a redefinition of the maceral macrinite in order to establish a clear division between secretinite and macrinite. The definitions of the remaining inertinite macerals, although upgraded and enlarged, remain largely unchanged.
FUEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation
Time-de endent BASE performance and power degradation in AMPEC 02lO1744
02lOl739 A rule based fuuy model for the prediction of petrophysical rock parameters Finol, J. et al. Journal
of Petroleum
Science
and Engineering,
2001,
29,
(2), 97-l 13.
A new approach for the prediction of petrophysical rock parameters based on a rule-based fuzzy model is presented. The rule-based fuzzy model corresponds to the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang method of fuzzy reasoning proposed by Sugeno and his co-authors. This fuzzy model is defined by a set of fuzzy implications with linear consequent parts, each of which establishes a local linear input-output relationship between the variables of the model. In this approach, a fuzzy clustering algorithm is combined with the least-square approximation method to identify the structure and parameters of the fuzzy model from sets of numerical data. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy modelling method, two examples are developed using core and electrical log data from three oil wells in Ceuta Field, Lake Maracaibo Basin. The numerical results of the fuzzy modelling method are compared with the results of a conventional linear regression model. It is shown that the fuzzy modelling approach is not only more accurate than the conventional regression approach but also provides some qualitative information about the underlying complexities of the porous system.
02/01740 Application for pinch design of heat exchanger networks by use of a computer code employing an improved problem algorithm table Ozkan, S. and Dinser, S. Energy Conversion and Management, 2001,42, (I 8), 2043-205 I. In this work, the methods used in pinch design were applied to a heat exchanger network with the aid of an improved problem algorithm table. This table enables one to compose composite and grand composite curves in a simplified way. A user friendly computer code entitled DarboTEK, compiled by using Visual Basic 3.0, was developed for the design of integrated heat exchanger networks and estimation of related capital costs. Based on the data obtained from the TUPRAS petroleum refinery at Izmit, a retrofit design of heat exchanger networks was accomplished using DarboTEK. An investment of %3,576,627 is needed which will be paid back in 1.69 years simply by energy conservation due to heat integration.
Lodhi, M.A.K. er al. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, 93, (I-2). 41-49. During extended testing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Air Force Research Laboratory, it has been found that maximum power output of the PX-3A AMTEC cell decreases with time. Starting with a peak maximum power output of 2.45 W it decreases almost continuously to 1.27 W at the end of 18OOOh. In this paper, the factors contributing to this power loss have been investigated. The cell uses a fl’-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) whose material degrades with time due to changes in the chemical and thermal conditions within the cell during operation. The analysis shows that the @‘-alumina degradation manifests itself as an increase in its ionic resistance which reduces power output. The p-alumina is responsible most of the power degradation in the first 7000 h of operation. Thereafter, though @‘-alumina degradation continues to cause power loss, other components and their materials in the cell also contribute to power loss. Some suggestions are made that will help reduce the rate of power degradation and extend the useful and functional time of the cell which primarily deal with reducing the chemical contamination of the BASE, use of O-alumina instead of r-alumina and keeping the electrode current density below a certain critical value.
17
ENERGY Supplies, policy, economics, forecasts
02/01745 A simulation-optimisation programme for desi ning hybrid energy systems for supplying electricity and 9resh water throu h desalination to remote areas Case study: the Merssini VIt lage, Donoussa island, Aegean Sea, Greece Manolakos,
D. et al. Energy,
2001, 26, (7), 679-704.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2082
219
02lO1738 Utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas tluorescens isolated from a petroleumcontaminated soil Barathi, S. and Vasudevan, N. Environmenf Inrernafional, 2001, 26, (56), 413-416. A strain of Pseudomonas J7uorescen.9, isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was examined for its ability to utilize a variety of hydrocarbon substrates. Surface tension measurements indicated the production of biosurfactant during the microbial degradation of hydrocarbon. The organism utilized both short and long chain n-alkanes. It emulsified a number of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
02fO1741
Innovative coal conversion technology to clean
energy Kamijo, T. el al. Proc. In!. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 2001,26th, 827-834. The Center for Coal Utilization, Japan (CCUJ) has promoted clean coal technology programs to develop innovative coal conversion technology to clean energy, form the viewpoint of countermeasures for global warming issues and maintenance of energy security in Japan. The di-Me ether (DME) synthesis technology has been developed as oil alternative technology and development of hydrogen manufacturing technology with nearly super critical water state is underway. DME is expected to become a substitute for propane gas in wide application fields or for diesel fuel. A 5 ton/day bench-scale plant successfully synthesized DME by a charging coal bed with methane and/or a model coal gasification gas. The advanced hydrogen production process utilizes water at high pressure and high temperature to decompose coal in order to produce hydrogen at high concentration Commercialization of these technologies is necessary for coping with future environmental issues and realizing clean power systems using coal.
Powering the 21st century with Ballard fuel cells 02/01742 Voss, H. Journal ofPower Sources, 2001, 96, (I), 179. It is widely accepted that fuel cell technology will create a critical and lasting shift in energy generation and use during the 21st century. This paper will discuss Ballard’s product development, demonstration and market development activities focused on the introduction of products into portable and compact power applications. 02/01743
The new inertinite classification (ICCP system
1994)
16
Fuel, 2001, 80, (4J. 459471. In the new classfication (ICCP System 1994) the maceral group inertinite has been enlarged to include seven macerals by replacing the former maceral sclerotinite by two others, called funginite and secretinite. Funginite consists of fungal remains only, whereas secretinite comprises inert residues that are similar to fungal sclerotia in their optical characteristics but are, in fact, oxidized and subsequently coalified plant excretions. This revision necessitated a redefinition of the maceral macrinite in order to establish a clear division between secretinite and macrinite. The definitions of the remaining inertinite macerals, although upgraded and enlarged, remain largely unchanged.
FUEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation
Time-de endent BASE performance and power degradation in AMPEC 02lO1744
02lOl739 A rule based fuuy model for the prediction of petrophysical rock parameters Finol, J. et al. Journal
of Petroleum
Science
and Engineering,
2001,
29,
(2), 97-l 13.
A new approach for the prediction of petrophysical rock parameters based on a rule-based fuzzy model is presented. The rule-based fuzzy model corresponds to the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang method of fuzzy reasoning proposed by Sugeno and his co-authors. This fuzzy model is defined by a set of fuzzy implications with linear consequent parts, each of which establishes a local linear input-output relationship between the variables of the model. In this approach, a fuzzy clustering algorithm is combined with the least-square approximation method to identify the structure and parameters of the fuzzy model from sets of numerical data. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy modelling method, two examples are developed using core and electrical log data from three oil wells in Ceuta Field, Lake Maracaibo Basin. The numerical results of the fuzzy modelling method are compared with the results of a conventional linear regression model. It is shown that the fuzzy modelling approach is not only more accurate than the conventional regression approach but also provides some qualitative information about the underlying complexities of the porous system.
02/01740 Application for pinch design of heat exchanger networks by use of a computer code employing an improved problem algorithm table Ozkan, S. and Dinser, S. Energy Conversion and Management, 2001,42, (I 8), 2043-205 I. In this work, the methods used in pinch design were applied to a heat exchanger network with the aid of an improved problem algorithm table. This table enables one to compose composite and grand composite curves in a simplified way. A user friendly computer code entitled DarboTEK, compiled by using Visual Basic 3.0, was developed for the design of integrated heat exchanger networks and estimation of related capital costs. Based on the data obtained from the TUPRAS petroleum refinery at Izmit, a retrofit design of heat exchanger networks was accomplished using DarboTEK. An investment of %3,576,627 is needed which will be paid back in 1.69 years simply by energy conservation due to heat integration.
Lodhi, M.A.K. er al. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, 93, (I-2). 41-49. During extended testing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Air Force Research Laboratory, it has been found that maximum power output of the PX-3A AMTEC cell decreases with time. Starting with a peak maximum power output of 2.45 W it decreases almost continuously to 1.27 W at the end of 18OOOh. In this paper, the factors contributing to this power loss have been investigated. The cell uses a fl’-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) whose material degrades with time due to changes in the chemical and thermal conditions within the cell during operation. The analysis shows that the @‘-alumina degradation manifests itself as an increase in its ionic resistance which reduces power output. The p-alumina is responsible most of the power degradation in the first 7000 h of operation. Thereafter, though @‘-alumina degradation continues to cause power loss, other components and their materials in the cell also contribute to power loss. Some suggestions are made that will help reduce the rate of power degradation and extend the useful and functional time of the cell which primarily deal with reducing the chemical contamination of the BASE, use of O-alumina instead of r-alumina and keeping the electrode current density below a certain critical value.
17
ENERGY Supplies, policy, economics, forecasts
02/01745 A simulation-optimisation programme for desi ning hybrid energy systems for supplying electricity and 9resh water throu h desalination to remote areas Case study: the Merssini VIt lage, Donoussa island, Aegean Sea, Greece Manolakos,
D. et al. Energy,
2001, 26, (7), 679-704.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 2082
219