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Practice and Innovations in the Regasification of LNG
Energy 105 (2016) 1
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy
Foreword
Practice and Innovations in the Regasification of LNG
The role of natural gas in the energy sector of the world is growing continuously. The natural gas consumption market is separated from the production market, and the transportation is a challenging issue. Natural gas pipelines are well established and economically effective, however they have the potential to cause political and economic problems because they limit the basic concepts of a free market. The world liquefied natural gas (LNG) market creates large economic opportunities and flexibilities for countries that export/import natural gas. The LNG market was established in the 1960s. During its over 50 years history, this market has grown significantly and the growth is expected to continue in the future. New technologies that lead to an increased efficiency in each step of the LNG chain are permanently in the focus of consideration. The re-gasification of LNG is the last step within the chain “natural gas e LNG e natural gas”. It is an energy intensive conversion process. During a long period of time the problems associated with the regasification of LNG were not actively addressed by researches and engineers. In the last decade the situation changed dramatically. The idea of the special issue “Practice and Innovations in the Regasification of LNG” came from the wish to collect the concepts and have consistent discussions on new approaches for
1 The contributions of the research group at the Institute for Energy Engineering €t Berlin are discussed in Morosuk T., Tsatsaronis G., LNG e at Technische Universita Based Cogeneration Systems: Evaluation Using Exergy-Based Analyses. Chapter 11 in Natural Gas - Extraction to End Use. Ed. S.B. Gupta, InTech, 2012, 235e266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.058 0360-5442/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
import terminals: (a) presentation of innovative concepts; (b) simulation and thermodynamic (including exergetic) analysis of existing and novel concepts; and (c) economic/environmental/ ecological issues. In this area it is not possible to find an “optimal” regasification process; therefore, different processes must be considered. In this way, ENERGY - The International Journal is the right scientific platform. Eight papers report new concepts for regasification plants that can be classified as multi-generation systems.1 I wish to express my deep appreciation to the authors for their engagement, to the reviewers for their valuable comments for improving the papers, and to Dr. Henrik Lund, Editor-in-Chief of the Energy e The International Journal, for supporting the initiative to publish this Special Issue. Tatiana Morosuk €t Berlin, Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universita Germany
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy
Foreword
Practice and Innovations in the Regasification of LNG
The role of natural gas in the energy sector of the world is growing continuously. The natural gas consumption market is separated from the production market, and the transportation is a challenging issue. Natural gas pipelines are well established and economically effective, however they have the potential to cause political and economic problems because they limit the basic concepts of a free market. The world liquefied natural gas (LNG) market creates large economic opportunities and flexibilities for countries that export/import natural gas. The LNG market was established in the 1960s. During its over 50 years history, this market has grown significantly and the growth is expected to continue in the future. New technologies that lead to an increased efficiency in each step of the LNG chain are permanently in the focus of consideration. The re-gasification of LNG is the last step within the chain “natural gas e LNG e natural gas”. It is an energy intensive conversion process. During a long period of time the problems associated with the regasification of LNG were not actively addressed by researches and engineers. In the last decade the situation changed dramatically. The idea of the special issue “Practice and Innovations in the Regasification of LNG” came from the wish to collect the concepts and have consistent discussions on new approaches for
1 The contributions of the research group at the Institute for Energy Engineering €t Berlin are discussed in Morosuk T., Tsatsaronis G., LNG e at Technische Universita Based Cogeneration Systems: Evaluation Using Exergy-Based Analyses. Chapter 11 in Natural Gas - Extraction to End Use. Ed. S.B. Gupta, InTech, 2012, 235e266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.058 0360-5442/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
import terminals: (a) presentation of innovative concepts; (b) simulation and thermodynamic (including exergetic) analysis of existing and novel concepts; and (c) economic/environmental/ ecological issues. In this area it is not possible to find an “optimal” regasification process; therefore, different processes must be considered. In this way, ENERGY - The International Journal is the right scientific platform. Eight papers report new concepts for regasification plants that can be classified as multi-generation systems.1 I wish to express my deep appreciation to the authors for their engagement, to the reviewers for their valuable comments for improving the papers, and to Dr. Henrik Lund, Editor-in-Chief of the Energy e The International Journal, for supporting the initiative to publish this Special Issue. Tatiana Morosuk €t Berlin, Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universita Germany