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Predicting the future course of schizophrenia on the basis of the rorschach test
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I'SY(:It()I"ATII(II.(I(;I~(:AI.
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481
S.&'I'LTIll)AY . . \ F ' T I ~ I I N ( ) ( ) N . 2:()0 P.NI.. Irl-]I~tlUAI~Y 29, 1,()(-;4 S('ssi(m IV. (~li,d('al l l ( ' s ( ' a , c h i,, S('l,iz()l)hr(',,ia
Chair,.an: l"m'rz A. |:ItI-;YIIAN. Xl.l). tl('C~,(l('r: lh.:~×.xm~ I t(.,LLAX~). M . I ) . P r e d i c t i n g .the l q , t u r e C o ~ , r s e of S c h i z o 'phre,,ia on the Basis of the llorsclmeh Test Zg(;.\ I UNT
The
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Je//e,.son
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]P]'t. [ ) . .
3l,'(lical C.olh.gc o/
t'hila(t('lphia "l'h(. pap(.r xvillc.o,,sist of t\v() parts. "l'hc il~tr¢)(l~,cli,~,t will l~r('s(?~t a ~qllll']ltlill'\" of t h e w()rk ()f l~(wsc]mch, "l-sclmdi~,. f~;i,,:~xva,~er. S. l~ec'k. II. M,~lis],, .Bricklin ;t~(.I t)iotr,)wski, (.t~(.'er~ing t h e tli[l'crt.v,ti;,ti,),~ o f a(t,,lt s('l,iz,)t~l~,e~dc's i,ito tht?se tl~rec 1)asic c'ate'd~nics: improve.d; essm~tiallx" Ih,e sm,,(', inc],,(Ji,~g tl,e cpist)(lic g,'~),,p w i t h g(m(l :~(]j~sl,n(',~t 1)etw('(.r, epis(~d('s; ,mi,nl),'(~\'c'.(l. i,l('lu(li,~g t h e pati('nts wh(, g e t w()rs(:, "l']m s(~c'(..md part: will (.(:~,lsist (ff statistics co]]e(-ted fron~ :300 add,It scl~iz()l)l~r(q~ics, t e s t e d anti relest(?(] a f t e r art it~t(qva~] (ff at least l ] u e c ',(xtrs.
P r e d i c t i o n of S c h i z o p l a r e n i a in I n f a n c y : A 10-Year Folh)w-tq) l l e p o r l
:t~(] trt.()~{:xc~:: IIALr'~:.'RX, P h . D . , NOte York (.Tnil:("r.rilq ;l'h¢' ten vt'ar f(dl(~xx'-tq) is rt'p(wt,.~(l ()[ a g,'o,ip of (:ifildren whos(: v , d n e , ' a b i l i t v to schiz(~l)li,'(mia w a s p r c ( l i c t e d :it o n e mo,~th of age. on tt~(. basis of al)~,orma]]v ,,,,eve,~ ,,eu,'()h~gic;,] dev(q(,I),nent (J. Ncrv. CN N l e n t . Dis. 1.25: 1 - 2 4 . 1 9 5 7 ) . T i m i n f a n t i d e n t i f i e d in 1952 as the ,n()s! v,,l,m,'al)le to sc:hizol~l~ret~ia (])xBF') w a s d i a g n o s e d as , c h i l d h o o d sc}~izo|)hr~.,~ic, i,) 1962 l)v t h e "'blind" p s y c h i a trist ( T S ) . All tlu~ec of t h e v u l n e r a b l e
iz,t'almts v c c r c i(](?,lti~ied I)v t h e "'blind" l)sych,~hL,4ist ( I e H ) as tim c-]fildren s l m w i,,,d l m l } ~ h ) g i c a l (lis~n'(lers of t h i n k i n g . idt.lltifi(..ation m~(] p(.rsol~:ilitv ¢)r~anizalit)it. T h e r('n,ai,fi,~ g 12 childre,~ w(.re (tiag,.)sr(l as I m x i n g ~tctn,)li(." l)r(il~l(~Jns i7~ tile "'r,~)rmal'" ralL~c. 11, ¢"acl~ ~t" the" cl~ihtrcIt st,~(lied, tim l(),~git,,di~m] d a t a (l(.,n¢),~slrates t h e i~lera,.'ti,,,| t,ctw,.'(m t h e (-.(,,'Ix' p a t t e r , , ,)f ,,mt,u".~tio,~ a,~(l tl,<, sti,,~,lati(n,, supt)ort. a~(l (~r~at:lizati,~t l),'(~vi(]('(] l)v t h e e n viron,nc~,t ..... or ]ack .(ff it ..... t~) for~u t]~(? ( l e v e h q ~ i , ~ pt'rs(malitv. "l'he rclati~m will 1)c. disc~,ss(.d b e t w c e r , the's,' fi~(.]i~,gs .'t~(] l ] m s e ()f a ~norc r(.'ccnt
.~v(nq) c)f i,~t':t,)ts b(.,,',~ 1o s-rl~izcq~l,,'(mic ~n~tl..'rs i~, s t a t e h(~spihlls. Schizopl,re,~ia is V i ( ' : ~ r ( ' d a'lS Z[ f | l l l d ;.lm(.,rtal (]isturl)an(.'(~ i,~ i , , I c g r a t i v e (.,it.. r A h x ' l ( . u o,~ , l l l e v e l s of f,,n(.'p;ic'itv, tio,~i,~g i,~ t l . ' a ( h d t t)atie,~t. "this s t u d y tlt'~n,mslrales ll~:vt (:.'t.~rtain of tlm.~., indivi(luals also s l , m ' e a r h i n t e g r a t i v e .!is-. (.)r(h.ws rc.ttected in meats, n'aMe irreg~da~. /lies of devel,)pm(',~! in infa,~cy. (
,
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.1
T h e C o n c e p t of P l a s t i c i t y in C h i l d h o o d Scl~izophrenia
LLXUJ~J£'HA Br:NDl:zn. M.])., Divi.s'ion of l~('xr~arc'h a n d ;~lrctic'al Services, l)~.])artmcnt of i~lcl+lal lltl~iene. Stat~," of ,Vr'u; York [1~ t h e 1950 m e e t i n g of t h e A m e r i c a n Psyehopalhol(~gi(:al A s s o c i a t i o n , on Anxiety, I ~irst s,~ggested t h a t p l a s t i c i t y is t h e specitic feall~re of t h e p r o c e s s dis(,'tier a r i s i n g in all areas of brain function s~d)servil~g b e h a v i o r i,, c h i l d h o o d schizopt~renia. ( B e n d e r . L.: A n x i e t y in
I'SY(:It()I"ATII(II.(I(;I~(:AI.
AS.",;()( J I A T I ( ) N
481
S.&'I'LTIll)AY . . \ F ' T I ~ I I N ( ) ( ) N . 2:()0 P.NI.. Irl-]I~tlUAI~Y 29, 1,()(-;4 S('ssi(m IV. (~li,d('al l l ( ' s ( ' a , c h i,, S('l,iz()l)hr(',,ia
Chair,.an: l"m'rz A. |:ItI-;YIIAN. Xl.l). tl('C~,(l('r: lh.:~×.xm~ I t(.,LLAX~). M . I ) . P r e d i c t i n g .the l q , t u r e C o ~ , r s e of S c h i z o 'phre,,ia on the Basis of the llorsclmeh Test Zg(;.\ I UNT
The
.'~.
Je//e,.son
]) I ()TI/()'~VSK 1,
]P]'t. [ ) . .
3l,'(lical C.olh.gc o/
t'hila(t('lphia "l'h(. pap(.r xvillc.o,,sist of t\v() parts. "l'hc il~tr¢)(l~,cli,~,t will l~r('s(?~t a ~qllll']ltlill'\" of t h e w()rk ()f l~(wsc]mch, "l-sclmdi~,. f~;i,,:~xva,~er. S. l~ec'k. II. M,~lis],, .Bricklin ;t~(.I t)iotr,)wski, (.t~(.'er~ing t h e tli[l'crt.v,ti;,ti,),~ o f a(t,,lt s('l,iz,)t~l~,e~dc's i,ito tht?se tl~rec 1)asic c'ate'd~nics: improve.d; essm~tiallx" Ih,e sm,,(', inc],,(Ji,~g tl,e cpist)(lic g,'~),,p w i t h g(m(l :~(]j~sl,n(',~t 1)etw('(.r, epis(~d('s; ,mi,nl),'(~\'c'.(l. i,l('lu(li,~g t h e pati('nts wh(, g e t w()rs(:, "l']m s(~c'(..md part: will (.(:~,lsist (ff statistics co]]e(-ted fron~ :300 add,It scl~iz()l)l~r(q~ics, t e s t e d anti relest(?(] a f t e r art it~t(qva~] (ff at least l ] u e c ',(xtrs.
P r e d i c t i o n of S c h i z o p l a r e n i a in I n f a n c y : A 10-Year Folh)w-tq) l l e p o r l
:t~(] trt.()~{:xc~:: IIALr'~:.'RX, P h . D . , NOte York (.Tnil:("r.rilq ;l'h¢' ten vt'ar f(dl(~xx'-tq) is rt'p(wt,.~(l ()[ a g,'o,ip of (:ifildren whos(: v , d n e , ' a b i l i t v to schiz(~l)li,'(mia w a s p r c ( l i c t e d :it o n e mo,~th of age. on tt~(. basis of al)~,orma]]v ,,,,eve,~ ,,eu,'()h~gic;,] dev(q(,I),nent (J. Ncrv. CN N l e n t . Dis. 1.25: 1 - 2 4 . 1 9 5 7 ) . T i m i n f a n t i d e n t i f i e d in 1952 as the ,n()s! v,,l,m,'al)le to sc:hizol~l~ret~ia (])xBF') w a s d i a g n o s e d as , c h i l d h o o d sc}~izo|)hr~.,~ic, i,) 1962 l)v t h e "'blind" p s y c h i a trist ( T S ) . All tlu~ec of t h e v u l n e r a b l e
iz,t'almts v c c r c i(](?,lti~ied I)v t h e "'blind" l)sych,~hL,4ist ( I e H ) as tim c-]fildren s l m w i,,,d l m l } ~ h ) g i c a l (lis~n'(lers of t h i n k i n g . idt.lltifi(..ation m~(] p(.rsol~:ilitv ¢)r~anizalit)it. T h e r('n,ai,fi,~ g 12 childre,~ w(.re (tiag,.)sr(l as I m x i n g ~tctn,)li(." l)r(il~l(~Jns i7~ tile "'r,~)rmal'" ralL~c. 11, ¢"acl~ ~t" the" cl~ihtrcIt st,~(lied, tim l(),~git,,di~m] d a t a (l(.,n¢),~slrates t h e i~lera,.'ti,,,| t,ctw,.'(m t h e (-.(,,'Ix' p a t t e r , , ,)f ,,mt,u".~tio,~ a,~(l tl,<, sti,,~,lati(n,, supt)ort. a~(l (~r~at:lizati,~t l),'(~vi(]('(] l)v t h e e n viron,nc~,t ..... or ]ack .(ff it ..... t~) for~u t]~(? ( l e v e h q ~ i , ~ pt'rs(malitv. "l'he rclati~m will 1)c. disc~,ss(.d b e t w c e r , the's,' fi~(.]i~,gs .'t~(] l ] m s e ()f a ~norc r(.'ccnt
.~v(nq) c)f i,~t':t,)ts b(.,,',~ 1o s-rl~izcq~l,,'(mic ~n~tl..'rs i~, s t a t e h(~spihlls. Schizopl,re,~ia is V i ( ' : ~ r ( ' d a'lS Z[ f | l l l d ;.lm(.,rtal (]isturl)an(.'(~ i,~ i , , I c g r a t i v e (.,it.. r A h x ' l ( . u o,~ , l l l e v e l s of f,,n(.'p;ic'itv, tio,~i,~g i,~ t l . ' a ( h d t t)atie,~t. "this s t u d y tlt'~n,mslrales ll~:vt (:.'t.~rtain of tlm.~., indivi(luals also s l , m ' e a r h i n t e g r a t i v e .!is-. (.)r(h.ws rc.ttected in meats, n'aMe irreg~da~. /lies of devel,)pm(',~! in infa,~cy. (
,
-
.1
T h e C o n c e p t of P l a s t i c i t y in C h i l d h o o d Scl~izophrenia
LLXUJ~J£'HA Br:NDl:zn. M.])., Divi.s'ion of l~('xr~arc'h a n d ;~lrctic'al Services, l)~.])artmcnt of i~lcl+lal lltl~iene. Stat~," of ,Vr'u; York [1~ t h e 1950 m e e t i n g of t h e A m e r i c a n Psyehopalhol(~gi(:al A s s o c i a t i o n , on Anxiety, I ~irst s,~ggested t h a t p l a s t i c i t y is t h e specitic feall~re of t h e p r o c e s s dis(,'tier a r i s i n g in all areas of brain function s~d)servil~g b e h a v i o r i,, c h i l d h o o d schizopt~renia. ( B e n d e r . L.: A n x i e t y in