Predictors of treatment dropout in depressed outpatients

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Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78

Sleep Habits Survey developed by Carskadon and coworkers to measure sleep habits during school days and weekends, daytime sleepiness, sleep problems, and circadian preference. In addition, students completed self report measures of Impulsivity and the Big Five factors. Boys reported more sleep related problems than females. Big five factors and circadian preferences influenced sleep habits and total sleep time in both school days and weekends. Low conscientiousness and high impulsivity were associated with daytime sleepiness, Circadian preference and Impulsivity were the best predictors of self-reported sleep/wake problems, indicating a higher prevalence of sleep complaints in impulsive and evening-type subjects. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.286

Physical exercise and mood: The moderating role of personality traits B. Zdral-Stolarska, M. Stolarski University of Warsaw, Poland Physical exercises proved to be the single best way of improving bad mood (Thayer, 2001). In the present study we replicated this result within a framework of three-dimensional model of mood (Matthews et al., 1990) taking into account a possible moderating role of personality traits. Participants (young female adults; N = 100) filled Eysencks’ EPQ-R, Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale and a Polish adaptation of UMACL checklist (Goryn´ska, 2005) in which they reported their momentary moods, directly before and immediately after a 1.5 h long fitness training. Conducted analyses revealed a robust effect of exercise on mood, with Cohen’s d ranging between 1.5 for Tension and 2.1 for Energy. We also found evidence for the moderating role of personality: The mood elevation was related to higher Sensation Seeking and Psychoticism. Therefore, we confirmed that exercise has significant positive effects on mood, however some personality traits may modify the magnitude of this influence. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.287

Pointing the finger: Introversion–extroversion, emotional intelligence, and neuroticism relations to judgments of transgressor blameworthiness G.C. Tohver, D.H. Saklofske University of Western Ontario, Canada Cognitive heuristics research has found that in several mathematical and social-appraising situations, individuals show a strong preference for simple explanations over complex explanations when judging causation and probability. However, unlike mathematics, social contexts—such as judging blameworthiness based on a transgressor’s excuse—are convoluted situations by nature of their greater likelihood of having diverse factors to converge and affect outcomes. The present study examines whether individuals’ Emotional Intelligence (EI), neuroticism (N), and introversion–extroversion (E) levels are related to their perceptions of transgressor blameworthiness, and whether the relations are moderated by the complexity of the excuse that is given. Undergraduate students completed EPQ-R-SF items for N and E, the TEQue-SF for EI, and read three vignettes: one presenting a simple (1-component) excuse, one a moderate (3component) excuse, and one a complex (5-component) excuse. The Revised Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory was used to assess blame ratings for the transgressor in each vignette. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.288

Predicting factors of discrimination between guilty and innocent: Using a functional data analysis D.Y. Kim, H.W. Suk, S. Cho, H. Hwang, J.H. Lee Chung-Ang University, Korea This study aimed to investigate predicting factors for detecting guilty individuals who committed a mock crime using a functional data analysis, to reduce an individual variation of psychophysiological data and to find weighted integration of function. Fifty-four participants (30 male, 24 female) chose either guilty condition (stealing a wallet) or innocent condition (non-crime). Skin conductance level (SCL), temperature, and pulse were measured during conducting a concealed information test. A functional logistic regression indicated that SCL and pulse were predictive variables for detecting guilty. Specifically, participants were more likely to be guilty if they showed a higher degree in SCL responding to both crime-relevant and irrelevant questions and a higher increase of pulse after the crime-relevant questions. These results suggest that SCL and pulse may predict whether a suspect is guilty or innocent and that a functional data analysis could provide more accurate prediction by excluding individual variation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.289

Predictive analysys of ZKA-PQ respect to the personality inventory for DSM-5 high order factors A. Aluja, A. Blach University of Lleida, Spain In this study we present correlations between wings 20 facets and 5 factors of the ZKA-PQ and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; higher and lower order). Additionally they are carried out a lineal regression taking as independent variables the ZKA-PQ facets and each one of the second order factors of the PID-5 with the objective of knowing the predictive power of the ZKA-PQ regarding the PID-5. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a 220item questionnaire with a 4-point response scale, was used to measure proposed DSM-5 traits. It has 25 primary scales that load onto 5 higher order scales. Results inform that different ZKA-PQ facet explained the 55% of the variance of Negative Affect, the 64% of the Detachment, 47& of Antagonism, 50% of Disinhibition and the 35% of Psychoticism. We discuss the psychometric properties of the new pathological dimensional personality instrument and the contribution of the ZKA-PQ. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.290

Predictors of treatment dropout in depressed outpatients I. Ramos-Grille, M. Gomà-Freixanet, S. Valero, V. Vallès, R. Guillamat Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Spain Premature termination is common among patients treated for depression with psychotherapy.This study examines predictors of dropout from treatment in adult depressed outpatients. Fifty depressed outpatients completed a socio-demographic questionnaire. Severity of depressive symptoms, with the BDI-II (Beck et al., 1996) and expectation of change with The Scale of Expectation of Change (Echeburúa & Corral, 1987) were assessed. All patients attended a group-based CBT program for depression. Patients were categorized in groups: completers vs. dropouts. Student’s t-test and a logistic regression analyses were performed. Comparing treatment completers vs. dropouts, the dropout group had significantly higher age of onset and severity of depression than the completer group. The dropout group had lower expectation of change. Age of onset and scores on expectation of change emerged as significant

Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78

predictors of dropout. Depressed outpatients with higher age of onset and lower expectation of change seem to be at higher risk of premature termination. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.291

Profiling the underdog trait and the will-to-live constructs: Correlates, validity D. Korotkov, C. Courchesne St. Thomas University, Canada Three studies are reported that examined the correlates of two related variables, the underdog and the will-to-live. In study one, both constructs, and several social (e.g., support), coping, trait (e.g., conscientiousness), cognitive (e.g., world beliefs), health behavior (e.g., exercise), and health (e.g., affect) variables were collected from 231 participants. In study two, 30 participants were administered both underdog and will-to-live measures twice over a 1 month interval. In study three, 172 participants were administered the underdog and will-to-live measures, as well as several dispositional (e.g., hardiness), cognitive (e.g., attributions), social (e.g., stress), and health (e.g., loneliness) variables. The findings indicate that (a) each of the underdog and will-to-live measures are highly reliable, and (b) both constructs are related to several dispositional, social, cognitive, coping, health behavior, and health status variables. Overall, these findings ‘paint’ a positive portrait of both constructs as useful variables for personality researchers to study. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.292

Reciprocal associations between trait emotional intelligence and prosocial tendencies: A multi-wave longitudinal study K. Keefer, J. Parker, R. Holden University of Western Ontario, Canada Although there is a robust association between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and prosocial behaviours in school-aged youth, the temporal dynamics of this relationship remain unknown. Does confidence in one’s EI abilities facilitate more prosocial behaviours, or do appraisals of past prosocial behaviours contribute to stronger sense of EI competence, or both? The present study tested these hypotheses in a longitudinal cross-lagged panel design spanning a 6-year period from late childhood (age 10–11) to adolescence (age 16– 17). Data for the study comprised self-reports of trait EI (four waves) and prosocial tendencies (three waves) for 634 participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth – a biannual population survey of Canadian children. Gender differences and parent-reported prosocial behaviours at the initial wave were also taken into account. Results revealed significant bidirectional relationships between trait EI and prosocial tendencies, carrying important implications for the nature of trait EI and its applications. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.293

Reflective function and secure attachment as resilient strategies in impaired adolescents S. Ballespí, A. Pérez-Domingo, E. Penelo, J. López, M. Mitjavila, N. Barrantes-Vidal Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain In a difficult transition such as adolescence the resilient areas of personality will be valuable to prevent suffering and impairment. This study aims to analyze to what extent secure attachment style

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and good mentalizing capacity modulate resiliency in a preliminary sample of 350 adolescents aged 12–18 years old. Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), the ConnorDavidson Resilient Scale (CD-RISC-10) and impairment measures are obtained in the first phase of the study. In addition, 100 adolescents are selected on the basis of their level of social anxiety to be assessed in a second phase with additional measures of explicit and implicit self-esteem, self-schemas and psychopathology. It is expected that those adolescents with a secure attachment style and good reflective function will exhibit less impairment and psychopathology than those with insecure attachment and/or defective reflective function. Results will be provided and discussed in light of previous findings. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.294

Relationship between attentional orienting and dispositional mindfulness: Moderation by alerting T. Keisuke, S. Yoshinori University of Hiroshima, Japan Background: Mindfulness has been described as a process of bringing a certain quality of attention to moment-by-moment experience. A fundamental aspect of mindfulness training is the enhancement of multiple facets of attention. The purpose of present study is to examine how multiple aspects of attention is associated with dispositional mindfulness. Method: Seventy-four university students (78.7% female, mean age = 19.7 years) completed the Attention Network Test (Fan et al., 2002) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006). Results: Hierarchical multiple regression showed interaction between orienting and alerting attention on mindfulness. Simple slope analysis showed orienting is positively associated with mindfulness when alerting was low (b = 0.50) while orienting is negatively associated with mindfulness when alerting was high (b = 0.20). Discussion: Results indicated whether orienting (selective attention) lead to increase mindfulness depended on alerting score (sustained attention). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.295

Relationship between general intelligence, competences and academic achievement among university students O. García, F. López, E. Icaran, S. Burgos Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain The objective of this study is to verify the relationship that exists between the student’s intelligence, the perception that the students have about 40 competencies (Bolonia ECTS system) and academic achievement. The sample was formed by 343 university students (Sport Science School of Universidad Europea de Madrid). We applied the PMA-R (Thurstone, 1938), a questionnaire in which students self-evaluated academic competencies (30 general competences and 10 specific competences) on a scale (1–10) and the academic achievement with the final course academic average score (1–10 scale). In order to simplify the design, we applied a factorial analysis to the 40 competences. We founded significant relationships between general intelligence and academic achievement (.226; p < .001); between competences and academic achievement (.244 in general competences and.302 in specific competences; p < .005), but there is not significant relationship between intelligence and competences ( .011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.296