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Preface for special issue on parallel and distributed computing for computational mechanics
Applied Mathematical Modelling 30 (2006) 675–676 www.elsevier.com/locate/apm
Preface
Preface for special issue on parallel and distributed computing for computational mechanics
The research and development on high performance computers and on parallel and distributed machines have considerably increased the power of computations. Engineers and researchers are now able to solve large and complex problems which were impossible to solve in the past. This Special Issue draws a state-of-the-art and an overall review of the algorithms and of the numerical methods for computational mechanics that are well suited on high performance computers. In their article, J.R. Bilbao-Castro et al. present and evaluate different parallelization strategies to address the problem of structure determination of biological specimens by electron microscope tomography. This computationally expensive problem is relevant in Bio-Sciences since knowledge of their structure is central to understand the function of specimens in the cell. Parallel computing is emerging as a crucial tool to afford cutting-edge structural studies in the field. The paper of M. Wang et al. analyzes the partition of the matching search, which occupies the majority of the work in a fractal video compression process, into small tasks and implement them in two distributed computing environments, one using DCOM and the other using .NET Remoting technology, based on a local area network consists of loosely coupled PCs. The paper written by F. Magoule`s et al. presents an original approach to design absorbing boundary conditions for the equations of linear elasticity with extreme contrasts in the coefficients. This approach used in a parallel iterative domain decomposition method is based on the computation of small DtN maps on the boundary. In the paper of G. Alle´on et al., two components of large aeronautic simulation chains that are extremely consuming of computer resource are described. The first is involved in computational fluid dynamics for aerodynamic studies the second one is related to acoustic simulations. To perform large complex studies in a limited amount of time these softwares are implemented on parallel distributed plateforms; numerical experiments and parallel performance are shown on industrial problems. The paper by Y. Maday et al. describes an original approach to optimize the interface conditions in the additive Schwarz algorithm. This analysis is performed for highly heterogeneous media and both a mathematical and a numerical studies are investigated. Finally, the paper of M. Bernarki et al. discusses the parallel performances of Discontinuous Galerkin Time Domain (DGTD) solvers designed on unstructured tetrahedral meshes for the calculation of three-dimensional heterogeneous electromagnetic and aeroacoustic wave propagation problems. An explicit leap-frog time-scheme along with centered numerical fluxes are used in the proposed DGTD methods. The schemes introduced are genuinely non-dissipative, in order to achieve a discrete equivalent of the energy conservation. Parallelization of these schemes is based on a standard strategy that combines mesh partitioning and a message passing programming model. Naturally, the present issue cannot provide a complete record of the many approaches, applications, features, and schemes related to parallel and distributed computing for computational mechanics. However, it does give an indication of the progress that is being made in addressing these issues and the possibilities that are available for future research in this area.
0307-904X/$ - see front matter Ó 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2005.11.001
676
Preface / Applied Mathematical Modelling 30 (2006) 675–676
Contents [1] J.R. Bilbao-Castro, J.M. Carazo, I. Garcia, J.J. Fernandez, Parallelization of iterative 3D reconstruction algorithms from electron microscopy projections. [2] M. Wang, Z. Huang, C.-H. Lai, Matching search in fractal video compression and its parallel implementation in distributed computing environments. [3] F. Magoule`s, F.-X. Roux, L. Series, Algebraic Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping for linear elasticity problems with extreme contrasts in the coefficients. [4] G. Alle´on, S. Champagneux, G. Chevalier, L. Giraud, G. Sylvand, Parallel distributed numerical simulations in aeronautic applications. [5] Y. Maday, F. Magoule`s, Improved ad hoc interface conditions for Schwarz solution procedure tuned to highly heterogeneous media. [6] M. Bernarki, L. Fezoui, S. Lante´ri, S. Piperno, Parallel discontinuous Galerkin unstructured mesh solvers for the calculation of threedimensional wave propagation problems.
Fre´de´ric Magoule`s Universite´ Henri Poincare´ Institut Elie Cartan de Nancy, BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France E-mail address: [email protected] Choi-Hong Lai University of Greenwich-Maritime Greenwich Campus School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich London SE10 9LS, United Kingdom Available online 20 December 2005
Preface
Preface for special issue on parallel and distributed computing for computational mechanics
The research and development on high performance computers and on parallel and distributed machines have considerably increased the power of computations. Engineers and researchers are now able to solve large and complex problems which were impossible to solve in the past. This Special Issue draws a state-of-the-art and an overall review of the algorithms and of the numerical methods for computational mechanics that are well suited on high performance computers. In their article, J.R. Bilbao-Castro et al. present and evaluate different parallelization strategies to address the problem of structure determination of biological specimens by electron microscope tomography. This computationally expensive problem is relevant in Bio-Sciences since knowledge of their structure is central to understand the function of specimens in the cell. Parallel computing is emerging as a crucial tool to afford cutting-edge structural studies in the field. The paper of M. Wang et al. analyzes the partition of the matching search, which occupies the majority of the work in a fractal video compression process, into small tasks and implement them in two distributed computing environments, one using DCOM and the other using .NET Remoting technology, based on a local area network consists of loosely coupled PCs. The paper written by F. Magoule`s et al. presents an original approach to design absorbing boundary conditions for the equations of linear elasticity with extreme contrasts in the coefficients. This approach used in a parallel iterative domain decomposition method is based on the computation of small DtN maps on the boundary. In the paper of G. Alle´on et al., two components of large aeronautic simulation chains that are extremely consuming of computer resource are described. The first is involved in computational fluid dynamics for aerodynamic studies the second one is related to acoustic simulations. To perform large complex studies in a limited amount of time these softwares are implemented on parallel distributed plateforms; numerical experiments and parallel performance are shown on industrial problems. The paper by Y. Maday et al. describes an original approach to optimize the interface conditions in the additive Schwarz algorithm. This analysis is performed for highly heterogeneous media and both a mathematical and a numerical studies are investigated. Finally, the paper of M. Bernarki et al. discusses the parallel performances of Discontinuous Galerkin Time Domain (DGTD) solvers designed on unstructured tetrahedral meshes for the calculation of three-dimensional heterogeneous electromagnetic and aeroacoustic wave propagation problems. An explicit leap-frog time-scheme along with centered numerical fluxes are used in the proposed DGTD methods. The schemes introduced are genuinely non-dissipative, in order to achieve a discrete equivalent of the energy conservation. Parallelization of these schemes is based on a standard strategy that combines mesh partitioning and a message passing programming model. Naturally, the present issue cannot provide a complete record of the many approaches, applications, features, and schemes related to parallel and distributed computing for computational mechanics. However, it does give an indication of the progress that is being made in addressing these issues and the possibilities that are available for future research in this area.
0307-904X/$ - see front matter Ó 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2005.11.001
676
Preface / Applied Mathematical Modelling 30 (2006) 675–676
Contents [1] J.R. Bilbao-Castro, J.M. Carazo, I. Garcia, J.J. Fernandez, Parallelization of iterative 3D reconstruction algorithms from electron microscopy projections. [2] M. Wang, Z. Huang, C.-H. Lai, Matching search in fractal video compression and its parallel implementation in distributed computing environments. [3] F. Magoule`s, F.-X. Roux, L. Series, Algebraic Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping for linear elasticity problems with extreme contrasts in the coefficients. [4] G. Alle´on, S. Champagneux, G. Chevalier, L. Giraud, G. Sylvand, Parallel distributed numerical simulations in aeronautic applications. [5] Y. Maday, F. Magoule`s, Improved ad hoc interface conditions for Schwarz solution procedure tuned to highly heterogeneous media. [6] M. Bernarki, L. Fezoui, S. Lante´ri, S. Piperno, Parallel discontinuous Galerkin unstructured mesh solvers for the calculation of threedimensional wave propagation problems.
Fre´de´ric Magoule`s Universite´ Henri Poincare´ Institut Elie Cartan de Nancy, BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France E-mail address: [email protected] Choi-Hong Lai University of Greenwich-Maritime Greenwich Campus School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich London SE10 9LS, United Kingdom Available online 20 December 2005