- Email: [email protected]
Preface: Green Catalytic Processes
Catalysis Today 291 (2017) 1–2
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Catalysis Today journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cattod
Preface: Green Catalytic Processes Broad topic: Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmentally Friendly Chemical Production
MARK
Nanotechnology is defined as “the design and understanding of matter with dimensions of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), where unique phenomena enable novel applications”. Approximately one-third of the material gross product involves a catalytic process somewhere in the production chain. Thus, production of nanomaterials for catalytic applications has been one of the exciting topics for academia and industry leading to many processes and product development, as well as numerous research publications and patents. The objective of this Special Issue is to bring together the experts from academia and industry to showcase the recent developments and share knowledge related to new catalysts developed for clean fuels and fine chemicals production. This Special Issue is dedicated to advancing new developments and approach for the generation of sustainable energy, fuels and chemicals using novel catalysts and nanocatalysts. Aligning with the scope of Catalysis Today, this Special Issue covers the production of synthesis gas, hydrogen, mid-distillates, alcohols, and upgrading technologies such as hydrodesulphurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodearomatization, hydrodemetallization, Fischer-Tropsch catalysis, and other catalytic processes involved in green technology. The preparation, characterization and applications of homogeneous, heterogeneous and nanocatalysts for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals are also included. This volume was envisioned from the ‘Nanocatalysis for Fuels and Chemicals’ Symposium organized at The International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (PACIFICHEM) in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA by the Guest Editors of this Special Issue. Specifically, this volume contains 24 original research papers devoted to green catalytic chemical reactions. They are divided as follows: (1) pyrolysis, (2) gasification, (3) methanation, (4) steam reforming, (5) dry reforming (6) syngas conversion, (7) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, (8) hydrotreating, and (9) fine chemical synthesis, all involving sustainable catalytic processes. Novel radio-frequency induction heating was applied by Bolder and co-authors for the partial hydrodeoxygenation of sawdust pyrolysis vapor using Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. The molar O/C ratio of the oil decreased from 1.36 to 0.51 at 234°C. Kozinski and co-workers have investigated the impact of Lewis acid-catalyzed gasification of humic acid in supercritical water in a wide range of process conditions. They concluded that AlCl3 is the most efficient Lewis acid with maximum hydrogen yield due to ring opening reactions and gasification of intermediates and leads to considerable amounts of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the liquid product. Azhar Uddin and co-authors have investigated catalytic methanation of carbon dioxide with ammonia, and reported best catalytic activity and yields using Ru/γ-Al2O3. Pt/YSZ (with and without Na-doping) was investigated by Davis and his team for the C–H bond scission during water-gas shift reaction, forming acid decomposition reaction and methanol steam reforming reaction. Both the catalyst and Na-doping assisted in promoting these reactions. Pradhan and his research team focused on the production of hydrogen from glycerol using Ni/Fly ash catalyst, from reforming of ethanol over Ce promoted Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcite, and dry reforming of ethanol using Alsupported NiO/SiO2 catalyst. These processes were investigated in a wide range of process conditions with extensive characterization of the catalysts. Suitable kinetic models were developed for each reaction, and activation energies were determined. La-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was developed by Vo and his team for CO2 reforming of ethanol. The process conditions were optimized, and the spent catalyst was investigated by SEM, TEM and Raman analysis for the nature of coke deposition. Dry reforming of methane for the production of high-quality synthesis gas was investigated by Wang and his team using NiCoMg/Al2O3 catalyst and by Abatzoglou and his team using negative value mining residue spinellized with nickel. Wang and his team examined the effects of catalyst synthesis process and metal composition on the process efficiency and concluded that spherical catalyst made by multiple steps of impregnation in dilute Mg, Ni and Co solutions each followed by calcination showed extraordinary activity and stability. Abatzoglou and his co-workers noted that specific interactions of Ni with Mg, CaO, MnO present in the mining residue led to the best catalytic performance with no measurable coke deposition. Braidy and his research team have examined in details the activation mechanism of YSZ/Nialumina catalyst for dry reforming of methane by using TEM and XRD measurements. Dalai and his team have investigated meso-porous carbon-supported KCoRhMoS2 catalyst for higher alcohol synthesis. The HNO3-treated catalyst showed superior alcohol productivity at optimized process conditions. Azhar Uddin and his co-workers have studied the effects of preparation method of Co-supported β-zeolite catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. These catalysts were extensively characterized, and wetness incipient wetness method was found suitable for the Fischer-Tropsch process. Pant and his research team has investigated the performance of silica supported Fe-Co catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and have established the optimum metal composition and process conditions for synthesis of C5+ hydrocarbons. Dalai and his team have investigated the impact of NiMo nitride on γ-alumina for hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid. With extensive characterization using XANES, EXAFS, Raman analysis, the authors concluded that Ni aids the hydrogenation of oleic acid to stearic acid. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.059
0920-5861/ © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Catalysis Today 291 (2017) 1–2
Additionally, direct hydrodeoxygenation and decarboxylation reactions occurred during this process. Hydrodelfurization of dibenzothiophene was investigated over NiMo catalysts by Duan and her co-workers. The materials were extensively characterized, and the authors found that the highest activity of hexagonal prism catalyst (NiMo/F-HP) is due to their relative higher acidity, higher sulfurization degree and better dispersion of the active phases. Novel CoNiMo trimetallic catalyst was created for hydroprocessing of heavy gas oil derived from Athabasca bitumen. This material was extensively characterized and used in a trickle-bed reaction system. Higher activity of this catalyst is due to the double promotional effects of Co and Ni and formation of three types of active phases NiMoS, CoMoS, and NiCoMoS. Zheng and her coworkers have integrated successfully the catalytic cracking and hydrotreating for triglyceride deoxygenation using acid-treated kaolin. Scott and his group contributed to the in situ spectroscopic studies of Fe/Pd nanoparticles for hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. The material was stable when used in ethanol environment. Pant and his team optimized the use of metal salts such as AlCl3 for the synthesis of green chemicals such as ethyl levulinate from hydroxymethylfurfural for the first time. Ng and her team have contributed to studying the effects of Cs using a supported HSiW catalyst on the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to biochemicals. The product selectivity was impacted by the changes in reaction mechanism from dehydration versus dehydrogenation as the rate limiting step. Dalai and his team examined the use of Al-SBA-15 catalyst for the synthesis of biolubricant from canola oil. The existence of Al+3 ions in Al-SBA-15 promoted the desired transformation at optimized reaction conditions. Yadav and his research team have contributed in the catalytic conversion of biomass to green chemicals. Their focus was on the catalysts synthesis and characterization, process optimization and kinetic studies. The Guest Editors express their sincere acknowledgements to Prof. James J. Spivey (Editor-in-Chief of Catalysis Today), Chen Lin (Elsevier Publishing Content Specialist) as well as Dhilip Kumar Perumal and Iswarya Samikannu (Elsevier Journal Managers) for their constructive advice and support in the making of this Special Issue. The Editors also thank Dr. Sonil Nanda (York University, Canada) who contributed as the Guest Editorial Assistant and collaborated with the Editorial Office and authors to perform their tasks in a timely manner. The Guest Editors also thank the PACIFICHEM 2015 organizers and all the authors and reviewers without whose contributions this Special Issue could not have been completed. Guest Managing Editor: Dr. Ajay K. Dalai Professor and Canada Research Chair in Bio-Energy Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A9 Co-Guest Editors: Dr. Nicolas Abatzoglou Professor and Pfizer Chair in Process Analytical Technology in Pharmaceutical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1 Dr. Janusz A. Kozinski Founding Dean and Professor Lassonde School of Engineering York University Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3 Dr. Md. Azhar Uddin Professor Department of Material & Energy Science Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University Okayama 700-8530, Japan Dr. Ajay K. Dalai1 Professor of Chemical Engineering and Canada Research Chair in Bioenergy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada E-mail address: [email protected] Janusz A. Kozinski2 Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada E-mail address: [email protected] Nicolas Abatzoglou3 Professor and Industrial research Chair, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada E-mail address: [email protected] Md. Azhar Uddin4 Professor of Environmental Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan E-mail address: [email protected]
1
Tel.: +1 (306) 966-4771; fax: +1 (306) 966 4777. Tel: +1 (416) 736-5484, Fax: +1 (416) 736-5360. 3 Tel.: +1 (819) 821-7904; Fax: +1 (819) 821-7955 4 Tel.: +81 (086) 251-8897. 2
2
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Catalysis Today journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cattod
Preface: Green Catalytic Processes Broad topic: Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmentally Friendly Chemical Production
MARK
Nanotechnology is defined as “the design and understanding of matter with dimensions of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), where unique phenomena enable novel applications”. Approximately one-third of the material gross product involves a catalytic process somewhere in the production chain. Thus, production of nanomaterials for catalytic applications has been one of the exciting topics for academia and industry leading to many processes and product development, as well as numerous research publications and patents. The objective of this Special Issue is to bring together the experts from academia and industry to showcase the recent developments and share knowledge related to new catalysts developed for clean fuels and fine chemicals production. This Special Issue is dedicated to advancing new developments and approach for the generation of sustainable energy, fuels and chemicals using novel catalysts and nanocatalysts. Aligning with the scope of Catalysis Today, this Special Issue covers the production of synthesis gas, hydrogen, mid-distillates, alcohols, and upgrading technologies such as hydrodesulphurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodearomatization, hydrodemetallization, Fischer-Tropsch catalysis, and other catalytic processes involved in green technology. The preparation, characterization and applications of homogeneous, heterogeneous and nanocatalysts for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals are also included. This volume was envisioned from the ‘Nanocatalysis for Fuels and Chemicals’ Symposium organized at The International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (PACIFICHEM) in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA by the Guest Editors of this Special Issue. Specifically, this volume contains 24 original research papers devoted to green catalytic chemical reactions. They are divided as follows: (1) pyrolysis, (2) gasification, (3) methanation, (4) steam reforming, (5) dry reforming (6) syngas conversion, (7) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, (8) hydrotreating, and (9) fine chemical synthesis, all involving sustainable catalytic processes. Novel radio-frequency induction heating was applied by Bolder and co-authors for the partial hydrodeoxygenation of sawdust pyrolysis vapor using Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. The molar O/C ratio of the oil decreased from 1.36 to 0.51 at 234°C. Kozinski and co-workers have investigated the impact of Lewis acid-catalyzed gasification of humic acid in supercritical water in a wide range of process conditions. They concluded that AlCl3 is the most efficient Lewis acid with maximum hydrogen yield due to ring opening reactions and gasification of intermediates and leads to considerable amounts of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the liquid product. Azhar Uddin and co-authors have investigated catalytic methanation of carbon dioxide with ammonia, and reported best catalytic activity and yields using Ru/γ-Al2O3. Pt/YSZ (with and without Na-doping) was investigated by Davis and his team for the C–H bond scission during water-gas shift reaction, forming acid decomposition reaction and methanol steam reforming reaction. Both the catalyst and Na-doping assisted in promoting these reactions. Pradhan and his research team focused on the production of hydrogen from glycerol using Ni/Fly ash catalyst, from reforming of ethanol over Ce promoted Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcite, and dry reforming of ethanol using Alsupported NiO/SiO2 catalyst. These processes were investigated in a wide range of process conditions with extensive characterization of the catalysts. Suitable kinetic models were developed for each reaction, and activation energies were determined. La-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was developed by Vo and his team for CO2 reforming of ethanol. The process conditions were optimized, and the spent catalyst was investigated by SEM, TEM and Raman analysis for the nature of coke deposition. Dry reforming of methane for the production of high-quality synthesis gas was investigated by Wang and his team using NiCoMg/Al2O3 catalyst and by Abatzoglou and his team using negative value mining residue spinellized with nickel. Wang and his team examined the effects of catalyst synthesis process and metal composition on the process efficiency and concluded that spherical catalyst made by multiple steps of impregnation in dilute Mg, Ni and Co solutions each followed by calcination showed extraordinary activity and stability. Abatzoglou and his co-workers noted that specific interactions of Ni with Mg, CaO, MnO present in the mining residue led to the best catalytic performance with no measurable coke deposition. Braidy and his research team have examined in details the activation mechanism of YSZ/Nialumina catalyst for dry reforming of methane by using TEM and XRD measurements. Dalai and his team have investigated meso-porous carbon-supported KCoRhMoS2 catalyst for higher alcohol synthesis. The HNO3-treated catalyst showed superior alcohol productivity at optimized process conditions. Azhar Uddin and his co-workers have studied the effects of preparation method of Co-supported β-zeolite catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. These catalysts were extensively characterized, and wetness incipient wetness method was found suitable for the Fischer-Tropsch process. Pant and his research team has investigated the performance of silica supported Fe-Co catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and have established the optimum metal composition and process conditions for synthesis of C5+ hydrocarbons. Dalai and his team have investigated the impact of NiMo nitride on γ-alumina for hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid. With extensive characterization using XANES, EXAFS, Raman analysis, the authors concluded that Ni aids the hydrogenation of oleic acid to stearic acid. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.059
0920-5861/ © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Catalysis Today 291 (2017) 1–2
Additionally, direct hydrodeoxygenation and decarboxylation reactions occurred during this process. Hydrodelfurization of dibenzothiophene was investigated over NiMo catalysts by Duan and her co-workers. The materials were extensively characterized, and the authors found that the highest activity of hexagonal prism catalyst (NiMo/F-HP) is due to their relative higher acidity, higher sulfurization degree and better dispersion of the active phases. Novel CoNiMo trimetallic catalyst was created for hydroprocessing of heavy gas oil derived from Athabasca bitumen. This material was extensively characterized and used in a trickle-bed reaction system. Higher activity of this catalyst is due to the double promotional effects of Co and Ni and formation of three types of active phases NiMoS, CoMoS, and NiCoMoS. Zheng and her coworkers have integrated successfully the catalytic cracking and hydrotreating for triglyceride deoxygenation using acid-treated kaolin. Scott and his group contributed to the in situ spectroscopic studies of Fe/Pd nanoparticles for hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. The material was stable when used in ethanol environment. Pant and his team optimized the use of metal salts such as AlCl3 for the synthesis of green chemicals such as ethyl levulinate from hydroxymethylfurfural for the first time. Ng and her team have contributed to studying the effects of Cs using a supported HSiW catalyst on the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to biochemicals. The product selectivity was impacted by the changes in reaction mechanism from dehydration versus dehydrogenation as the rate limiting step. Dalai and his team examined the use of Al-SBA-15 catalyst for the synthesis of biolubricant from canola oil. The existence of Al+3 ions in Al-SBA-15 promoted the desired transformation at optimized reaction conditions. Yadav and his research team have contributed in the catalytic conversion of biomass to green chemicals. Their focus was on the catalysts synthesis and characterization, process optimization and kinetic studies. The Guest Editors express their sincere acknowledgements to Prof. James J. Spivey (Editor-in-Chief of Catalysis Today), Chen Lin (Elsevier Publishing Content Specialist) as well as Dhilip Kumar Perumal and Iswarya Samikannu (Elsevier Journal Managers) for their constructive advice and support in the making of this Special Issue. The Editors also thank Dr. Sonil Nanda (York University, Canada) who contributed as the Guest Editorial Assistant and collaborated with the Editorial Office and authors to perform their tasks in a timely manner. The Guest Editors also thank the PACIFICHEM 2015 organizers and all the authors and reviewers without whose contributions this Special Issue could not have been completed. Guest Managing Editor: Dr. Ajay K. Dalai Professor and Canada Research Chair in Bio-Energy Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A9 Co-Guest Editors: Dr. Nicolas Abatzoglou Professor and Pfizer Chair in Process Analytical Technology in Pharmaceutical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1 Dr. Janusz A. Kozinski Founding Dean and Professor Lassonde School of Engineering York University Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3 Dr. Md. Azhar Uddin Professor Department of Material & Energy Science Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University Okayama 700-8530, Japan Dr. Ajay K. Dalai1 Professor of Chemical Engineering and Canada Research Chair in Bioenergy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada E-mail address: [email protected] Janusz A. Kozinski2 Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada E-mail address: [email protected] Nicolas Abatzoglou3 Professor and Industrial research Chair, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada E-mail address: [email protected] Md. Azhar Uddin4 Professor of Environmental Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan E-mail address: [email protected]
1
Tel.: +1 (306) 966-4771; fax: +1 (306) 966 4777. Tel: +1 (416) 736-5484, Fax: +1 (416) 736-5360. 3 Tel.: +1 (819) 821-7904; Fax: +1 (819) 821-7955 4 Tel.: +81 (086) 251-8897. 2
2