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Preface to the special section on the analysis, design and evaluation of man-machine systems (MMS'95)
Control Eng. Practice,Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 347-348, 1997 Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0967-0661/97 $17.00 + 0.00
Pergamon PII:S0967-0661 (97)00011-7
PREFACE TO THE SPECIAL SECTION ON THE ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS (MMS'95) gawai Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department - Thermal Power, Toshiba Corporation, 36-5, Tsurumichuo, 4-chome, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230, Japan ([email protected])
(Received September 1996; infinal form January 1997) The symposium was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in June 1995.
papers were presented and discussed in the following technical sessions:
This was the sixth in a series of (usually) triennial symposia on man-machine systems, held under IFAC sponsorship. It was also the first in the series to be held in the United States. The aim of the symposium is to present and discuss the most important aspects of the man-machine interaction in technological systems, both theoretical and practical. The topics covered relate to the analysis, design and evaluation of man-machine systems, and applications to particular problems in various fields.
• Decision models, human error, telerobotics (2 sessions) • Organizational systems (1 session) • Aviation--pilot behavior, displays, automation, tools for systems design, air traffic control (5 sessions) • Failure assessment (2 sessions) • Human-computer interaction (3 sessions) • Highway systems (2 sessions) • Process control (2 sessions) • Neuromuscular models (2 sessions) • Manufacturing systems (2 sessions) • Design of supervisory systems (2 sessions) • Ship control and manual control (1 session) • Learning (1 session).
Until now, six symposia were held, as follows: 1982 Baden-Baden, Federal Republic of Germany 1985 Varese, Italy 1988 Oulu, Finland 1989 Xi'an, China 1992 The Hague, The Netherlands 1995 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
As the first such symposium in North America, the event drew about half the total number of participants (182) from the U.S. (90). The remainder travelled to Cambridge from countries such as • The Netherlands (22) * France (20) * Germany (18) * Japan (11) * Canada (8).
All the proceedings have been published under the Pergamon imprint of Elsevier Science (Oxford, UK), and a Special Section of revised material from MMS '92 appeared in Central Engineering Practice, 3(2). During the symposium four survey lectures were presented, two of which have been included in this Special Section. The title of the two lectures that could not be included in this section are • Virtual networks: new framework for operator modeling and interface optimization in complex supervisory control systems (by Y.M. Yufik and T.B. Sheridan). • Instrumented humans: technological challenges and innovations (by I. Hunter).
As the issue of MMS is highly multidisciplinary, participants from various disciplines and backgrounds joined this symposium. The next symposium, namely the 7th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium on the Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems, will bc held September 1988 in Japan, with Professor H. Tamura of the Kyoto Institute of Technology as the chairman of the International Program Committee (IPC).
In four parallel technical sessions, 133 technical papers were presented. Six of these were selected for revision and inclusion in this Special Section. All the 347
348
K. Kawai
Although it is rather difficult to summarize these technical papers briefly, some emerging topics that were discussed during this symposium can be given, to name a few, as follows: • Team behavior and team performance • Telerobotics • Concepts based on Cognitive Systems Engineering • Situation awareness and mode awareness • Human-centered design approaches • Application of Ecological Interface Design (EID) • Hypermedia and advanced displays The papers selected here deal with some of these topics. The first two papers are taken from survey lectures.
Conceptual design of multi-human machine interfaces, by G. Johannsen, deals with humanmachine interfaces for cooperative supervision and control by several human users, either in control rooms or in group meetings. Interface concepts from cognitive systems sciences and various multimedia technologies are discussed, and the design process for these interfaces is outlined, together with user participation and knowledge-based design support.
Telemanipulation and telepresence, by H. G. Stassen and G:J.F. Smets, aims to integrate telemanipulation disciplines by bridging the gap between control engineers in the man-machine systems field, computer scientists in the field of human-computer interaction, and biomedical researchers in the field of severely bodily disabled persons. Three major problems in telemanipulation (namely the lack of tactile information, the lack of information related to depth perception, and the existence of time-delays) are discussed, and some solutions are proposed. Designing support contexts. helping operators to generate and use knowledge, by G.A. Sundstr6m, proposes to use the notion of user support contexts to integrate operator support types derived from various operator modeling approaches. The notion of a "user support context" is described and illustrated using an example from the telecommunication domain. The Functional Information and Knowledge Acquisition (FIKA) modeling approach is used here to capture the "contextual" knowledge associated with user tasks.
Perception of flight information from EFIS Displays, by R.J.A.W. Hosman and M. Mulder, investigates a pilot's perception of variables presented on Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS). A stimulus response technique was used to determine the accuracy and speed of the perception process. Results of some experiments, such as roll and pitch attitude perception, are shown.
Multilevel organization design." the case of air traffic control, by F. Vanderhaegen, presents a humanmachine organization study based on the "working position" concept. Working position communications are described for the command system organizations. In the context of air traffic control, the author describes a control unit composed of working positions managed by human controllers for qualitative control.
Intelligent multimedia human interface for highly automated combined-cycle plants, by K. Kawai, discusses a human interface design concept, and describes an actual example of the latest application in the field of combined-cycle power-generating plants. After discussing functional requirements, human interface design principles and outstanding functions, the author proposes the concepts of a rulebased process information navigator (PIN).
Operator adaptation in process control: a three-year research program, by K.J. Vicente, provides an integrative summary of a three-year research programme investigating various factors pertinent to human operator adaptation in process-control systems. The impact of behaviour-shaping constraints is analysed, and a number of implications for the design of process-control systems are suggested.
Development of an analysis support system for manmachine system design information, by H. Yoshikawa, et al., describes an integrated software system, aimed at analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness of man-machine system design by computer simulation. After the configuration of distributed simulation systems is introduced, the paper explains how to organize an operator simulator model using a Petri-net model.
Pergamon PII:S0967-0661 (97)00011-7
PREFACE TO THE SPECIAL SECTION ON THE ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS (MMS'95) gawai Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department - Thermal Power, Toshiba Corporation, 36-5, Tsurumichuo, 4-chome, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230, Japan ([email protected])
(Received September 1996; infinal form January 1997) The symposium was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in June 1995.
papers were presented and discussed in the following technical sessions:
This was the sixth in a series of (usually) triennial symposia on man-machine systems, held under IFAC sponsorship. It was also the first in the series to be held in the United States. The aim of the symposium is to present and discuss the most important aspects of the man-machine interaction in technological systems, both theoretical and practical. The topics covered relate to the analysis, design and evaluation of man-machine systems, and applications to particular problems in various fields.
• Decision models, human error, telerobotics (2 sessions) • Organizational systems (1 session) • Aviation--pilot behavior, displays, automation, tools for systems design, air traffic control (5 sessions) • Failure assessment (2 sessions) • Human-computer interaction (3 sessions) • Highway systems (2 sessions) • Process control (2 sessions) • Neuromuscular models (2 sessions) • Manufacturing systems (2 sessions) • Design of supervisory systems (2 sessions) • Ship control and manual control (1 session) • Learning (1 session).
Until now, six symposia were held, as follows: 1982 Baden-Baden, Federal Republic of Germany 1985 Varese, Italy 1988 Oulu, Finland 1989 Xi'an, China 1992 The Hague, The Netherlands 1995 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
As the first such symposium in North America, the event drew about half the total number of participants (182) from the U.S. (90). The remainder travelled to Cambridge from countries such as • The Netherlands (22) * France (20) * Germany (18) * Japan (11) * Canada (8).
All the proceedings have been published under the Pergamon imprint of Elsevier Science (Oxford, UK), and a Special Section of revised material from MMS '92 appeared in Central Engineering Practice, 3(2). During the symposium four survey lectures were presented, two of which have been included in this Special Section. The title of the two lectures that could not be included in this section are • Virtual networks: new framework for operator modeling and interface optimization in complex supervisory control systems (by Y.M. Yufik and T.B. Sheridan). • Instrumented humans: technological challenges and innovations (by I. Hunter).
As the issue of MMS is highly multidisciplinary, participants from various disciplines and backgrounds joined this symposium. The next symposium, namely the 7th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium on the Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems, will bc held September 1988 in Japan, with Professor H. Tamura of the Kyoto Institute of Technology as the chairman of the International Program Committee (IPC).
In four parallel technical sessions, 133 technical papers were presented. Six of these were selected for revision and inclusion in this Special Section. All the 347
348
K. Kawai
Although it is rather difficult to summarize these technical papers briefly, some emerging topics that were discussed during this symposium can be given, to name a few, as follows: • Team behavior and team performance • Telerobotics • Concepts based on Cognitive Systems Engineering • Situation awareness and mode awareness • Human-centered design approaches • Application of Ecological Interface Design (EID) • Hypermedia and advanced displays The papers selected here deal with some of these topics. The first two papers are taken from survey lectures.
Conceptual design of multi-human machine interfaces, by G. Johannsen, deals with humanmachine interfaces for cooperative supervision and control by several human users, either in control rooms or in group meetings. Interface concepts from cognitive systems sciences and various multimedia technologies are discussed, and the design process for these interfaces is outlined, together with user participation and knowledge-based design support.
Telemanipulation and telepresence, by H. G. Stassen and G:J.F. Smets, aims to integrate telemanipulation disciplines by bridging the gap between control engineers in the man-machine systems field, computer scientists in the field of human-computer interaction, and biomedical researchers in the field of severely bodily disabled persons. Three major problems in telemanipulation (namely the lack of tactile information, the lack of information related to depth perception, and the existence of time-delays) are discussed, and some solutions are proposed. Designing support contexts. helping operators to generate and use knowledge, by G.A. Sundstr6m, proposes to use the notion of user support contexts to integrate operator support types derived from various operator modeling approaches. The notion of a "user support context" is described and illustrated using an example from the telecommunication domain. The Functional Information and Knowledge Acquisition (FIKA) modeling approach is used here to capture the "contextual" knowledge associated with user tasks.
Perception of flight information from EFIS Displays, by R.J.A.W. Hosman and M. Mulder, investigates a pilot's perception of variables presented on Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS). A stimulus response technique was used to determine the accuracy and speed of the perception process. Results of some experiments, such as roll and pitch attitude perception, are shown.
Multilevel organization design." the case of air traffic control, by F. Vanderhaegen, presents a humanmachine organization study based on the "working position" concept. Working position communications are described for the command system organizations. In the context of air traffic control, the author describes a control unit composed of working positions managed by human controllers for qualitative control.
Intelligent multimedia human interface for highly automated combined-cycle plants, by K. Kawai, discusses a human interface design concept, and describes an actual example of the latest application in the field of combined-cycle power-generating plants. After discussing functional requirements, human interface design principles and outstanding functions, the author proposes the concepts of a rulebased process information navigator (PIN).
Operator adaptation in process control: a three-year research program, by K.J. Vicente, provides an integrative summary of a three-year research programme investigating various factors pertinent to human operator adaptation in process-control systems. The impact of behaviour-shaping constraints is analysed, and a number of implications for the design of process-control systems are suggested.
Development of an analysis support system for manmachine system design information, by H. Yoshikawa, et al., describes an integrated software system, aimed at analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness of man-machine system design by computer simulation. After the configuration of distributed simulation systems is introduced, the paper explains how to organize an operator simulator model using a Petri-net model.