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Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta and toxemia
“poor risk.” ful pregnancy pregnant.
Patients in the “favorable” group ‘~l~nfavorable” as normal women.
I'd.
14,
lmvc almost as good a prognosis or “poor risk” patients should DOUWAS
2?!2?, .vo.
*Prindle,
4pil
Richard Hydramnios
t’r~r- >ucc*s>,* nor lwcom~’
$1. RAYNFX,
M.!).
7, 1955.
A., Ingalls, Theodore H., and Congenital Anomalies
Maternal Prindle, Ingalls, and Kirkwood: of the Central Nervous System, p. 555.
and Kirkwood, of the Central
Hydramnios
Samuel Nervous
13.: Systenr!
and Congenital
brnttxrd p. 55.5.
Anomalies
The authors analyze the records of 145 patients with diagnoses of hgdramnios in the Boston Lying-in Hospital, delivered from Jan. I, 1935, through June 30, 1950. l)uring each of the last three decades at the Boston Lying-in Hospital, some 3.6 cases of hydramnios have been observed for each 1,000 live births. This rate compares very closelyFrom their data, the authors support the conwith figures reported from other countries. clusion that hydramnios, anencephaly, fetal death, and abnormalities associated with them are all interrelated components of materrlal-placental-fetnl disease. IIydramnil,.~ usuall> The frecllleut association of II>-~lranrnios begins during the first trimester of pregnancy. with anomalous development of 110th placenta and fetus suggests thct both abnormalities Since the laboratory evidence for may be manifestations of the same maternal disease. such a concept is incomplete and inclusive, the authors suggest that correlation sl~ould btb sought in maternal history, physical findings, the course IIf pregnancy, chamcieri.:tic~ :,f the placenta and physical findings in the child. I )oLor..w N. Hn~sw, bI.1).
The Medical
Journal
of Australia
Vol. 8, No. 3, J,uly 16, 1955. ,Simmons, R. T., and Albrey, J. A,: Rho (l-j’,) Variants Coomhs Antiglobulin Test, and Their Signiilcauw, Vol.
8, No. 4, Shelton, Campbell, Krieger,
l)etected
(Guly
1,~ thr~
July 33, 1955. J. Grantley: The Problem of the Iso-immunized Kate I.: Foetal Erythroblastosis, p. 116. Vera I.: Rh Antibodies, p. 1 IS.
Nederlandsch Pal.
in Blood 1’. 47.
tijdschrift
55, No. 1, January-Pebrzcary,
Rh-Negative
voor verloskunde
1). 1 I::.
en gynaecologie
1955.
J. C.: Premature Separation of the Normally implanted p. 1. *van Eps, L. W. St.: On Labor Pain, p. 9. Yo Bwan Hie: Vulvovaginitis Mycotica in Pregnancy, p. 23. van Gelderen, H. II.? Posthuma, J. H., and deHaas, .T. H.: maturity in the Netherlands, p. 35.
“Beker,
Beker : Premature
Mother,
Separation
of the Normally
Implanted
This paper suggests the infiuence of the premature ment, supporting the author’s opinion that the primary of resistance in the area of the uterus.
Placenta
Birthweight,
Placenta
separation cause of
and
Tvscmia,
aurl
and Toxemia,
Prr-
p. 1.
as a natural esperitoxemia is an incrra+>
The hemodynamic balance can be disturbed either b.y insuficient hypertrophy of the supplying arteries or uterine musculature (primipara) and abnormal increase of the uterine capacity (hydramnion, twins, mole) or by insufficient peripheral compensation by VZLSOCO~striction (low-reserve circulation).
Volume Number
71
SELEC’lXD
o
ABSTRACTS
1373
After injection of barium-gelatin in uteri it was seen that the arterial sinuses are formed in direct connection with the uterine arteries, this network remaining intact after the removal of the placenta. The rupture of an arterial sinus was seen in cases of total premature separation. These sinuses have no musculature, so a rise in blood pressure increases the risk of rupture. In cases without preceding toxemia, however, albuminuria was found directly after premature separation and this especially with concealed hemorrhage. The suddenly increased resistance in the vessels of the stretched uterine wall might result in a compensatory vasoeonstriction in the near periphery including the kidneys, causing impairment of the renal function. N. HOFFMANN-KNOTTENBELT, M.D. van
Eps:
On Labor
Pain,
p. 9.
In the midwifery School in Amsterdam the Read method is used to prepare a pregnant for her delivery by education and respiration and relaxation exercises. Eight hundred spontaneous deliveries, all without any anesthesia, were classified: 335 were preceded by intensive psychological preparation and exercises, 97 had educational information only, and 368 had no preparation at all. The figures show that psychological preparation increases the good and very good results from 60 per cent to 80 per cent for the first stage and from 65 per cent to 90 per cent for the second stage of labor. Total failure decreased from 17 per cent to 5 per cent. Every one of these 800 women had the same positive psychological treatment during labor. Seventy-one per cent of the total group declared the first stage the least pleasant, 14 per cent the second stage, 15 per cent the moment of delivery. Psychoprophylaxis had no influence on duration of labor or blood loss. A psychological report was made on the social and biographical history, Rorschach test, and reaction during labor of 50 women. Here the same ratio was found: the end of tlrc first stage hurt most in the greatest number of cases, the second stage and the moment of delivery were the most difficult in only a small percentage. The more active personalities had the most difficulties in the passive first stage, the more passive women in the active second stage. The respiration and relaxation technicples taught proved to be an efficient way to help active women. -4 prognosis of the behavior of these 50 women during labor was made. In 11 cases the personality was well balanced with endurance and self-confidence, because of which good results were expected. The results were very good in 8 cases and good in 3 cases. For 13 women the prognosis was bad because of neurotic and unstable personalities. The result In the group of dubious prognosis most was bad in 8, moderate in 3, and good in 2 cases. Psychoprophylaxis and the right atmosphere in w-omen had good and very good results. the labor room might have been most important in this group. woman
N.
To/.
55. No.
2, March-April,
‘Fauser,
Ii. C. Atrophy, Op de Reeck, Cohen, A. 31.: Mastboom, J. p. 171. Fauser
The The girl months. growth.
Praecox
in
author reports a case of was horn prematurely and She was mentally retarded.
contained
M.D.
Praecox in a 15.Month-Old Girl With Diffuse Ccrebral M.: p. 120. Some Obstetrical and Social Aspects of Perinatal Death, p. 131’. F. J.: The Culture of Placental Tissue in Vitro, p. 143. Monoamniotic Twins With Intertwining of the Umbilical Cords, L.:
: Pnbertaa p. 120.
Vaginal
vagina
HOFFMANN-KNOTTENBELT,
1955. Pubertas
Papanicolaou endometrium
a 15-Month-Old
Girl
With
Diffuse
Cerebral
incompletely developed isosexual precocious had \-aginal bleeding four times from the At the age of 10 months she developed
smears showed in proliferation.
estrogenic
influence.
Aspirated
blood
Atrophy, puberty. age of 14 pubic hair from
the
Patients in the “favorable” group ‘~l~nfavorable” as normal women.
I'd.
14,
lmvc almost as good a prognosis or “poor risk” patients should DOUWAS
2?!2?, .vo.
*Prindle,
4pil
Richard Hydramnios
t’r~r- >ucc*s>,* nor lwcom~’
$1. RAYNFX,
M.!).
7, 1955.
A., Ingalls, Theodore H., and Congenital Anomalies
Maternal Prindle, Ingalls, and Kirkwood: of the Central Nervous System, p. 555.
and Kirkwood, of the Central
Hydramnios
Samuel Nervous
13.: Systenr!
and Congenital
brnttxrd p. 55.5.
Anomalies
The authors analyze the records of 145 patients with diagnoses of hgdramnios in the Boston Lying-in Hospital, delivered from Jan. I, 1935, through June 30, 1950. l)uring each of the last three decades at the Boston Lying-in Hospital, some 3.6 cases of hydramnios have been observed for each 1,000 live births. This rate compares very closelyFrom their data, the authors support the conwith figures reported from other countries. clusion that hydramnios, anencephaly, fetal death, and abnormalities associated with them are all interrelated components of materrlal-placental-fetnl disease. IIydramnil,.~ usuall> The frecllleut association of II>-~lranrnios begins during the first trimester of pregnancy. with anomalous development of 110th placenta and fetus suggests thct both abnormalities Since the laboratory evidence for may be manifestations of the same maternal disease. such a concept is incomplete and inclusive, the authors suggest that correlation sl~ould btb sought in maternal history, physical findings, the course IIf pregnancy, chamcieri.:tic~ :,f the placenta and physical findings in the child. I )oLor..w N. Hn~sw, bI.1).
The Medical
Journal
of Australia
Vol. 8, No. 3, J,uly 16, 1955. ,Simmons, R. T., and Albrey, J. A,: Rho (l-j’,) Variants Coomhs Antiglobulin Test, and Their Signiilcauw, Vol.
8, No. 4, Shelton, Campbell, Krieger,
l)etected
(Guly
1,~ thr~
July 33, 1955. J. Grantley: The Problem of the Iso-immunized Kate I.: Foetal Erythroblastosis, p. 116. Vera I.: Rh Antibodies, p. 1 IS.
Nederlandsch Pal.
in Blood 1’. 47.
tijdschrift
55, No. 1, January-Pebrzcary,
Rh-Negative
voor verloskunde
1). 1 I::.
en gynaecologie
1955.
J. C.: Premature Separation of the Normally implanted p. 1. *van Eps, L. W. St.: On Labor Pain, p. 9. Yo Bwan Hie: Vulvovaginitis Mycotica in Pregnancy, p. 23. van Gelderen, H. II.? Posthuma, J. H., and deHaas, .T. H.: maturity in the Netherlands, p. 35.
“Beker,
Beker : Premature
Mother,
Separation
of the Normally
Implanted
This paper suggests the infiuence of the premature ment, supporting the author’s opinion that the primary of resistance in the area of the uterus.
Placenta
Birthweight,
Placenta
separation cause of
and
Tvscmia,
aurl
and Toxemia,
Prr-
p. 1.
as a natural esperitoxemia is an incrra+>
The hemodynamic balance can be disturbed either b.y insuficient hypertrophy of the supplying arteries or uterine musculature (primipara) and abnormal increase of the uterine capacity (hydramnion, twins, mole) or by insufficient peripheral compensation by VZLSOCO~striction (low-reserve circulation).
Volume Number
71
SELEC’lXD
o
ABSTRACTS
1373
After injection of barium-gelatin in uteri it was seen that the arterial sinuses are formed in direct connection with the uterine arteries, this network remaining intact after the removal of the placenta. The rupture of an arterial sinus was seen in cases of total premature separation. These sinuses have no musculature, so a rise in blood pressure increases the risk of rupture. In cases without preceding toxemia, however, albuminuria was found directly after premature separation and this especially with concealed hemorrhage. The suddenly increased resistance in the vessels of the stretched uterine wall might result in a compensatory vasoeonstriction in the near periphery including the kidneys, causing impairment of the renal function. N. HOFFMANN-KNOTTENBELT, M.D. van
Eps:
On Labor
Pain,
p. 9.
In the midwifery School in Amsterdam the Read method is used to prepare a pregnant for her delivery by education and respiration and relaxation exercises. Eight hundred spontaneous deliveries, all without any anesthesia, were classified: 335 were preceded by intensive psychological preparation and exercises, 97 had educational information only, and 368 had no preparation at all. The figures show that psychological preparation increases the good and very good results from 60 per cent to 80 per cent for the first stage and from 65 per cent to 90 per cent for the second stage of labor. Total failure decreased from 17 per cent to 5 per cent. Every one of these 800 women had the same positive psychological treatment during labor. Seventy-one per cent of the total group declared the first stage the least pleasant, 14 per cent the second stage, 15 per cent the moment of delivery. Psychoprophylaxis had no influence on duration of labor or blood loss. A psychological report was made on the social and biographical history, Rorschach test, and reaction during labor of 50 women. Here the same ratio was found: the end of tlrc first stage hurt most in the greatest number of cases, the second stage and the moment of delivery were the most difficult in only a small percentage. The more active personalities had the most difficulties in the passive first stage, the more passive women in the active second stage. The respiration and relaxation technicples taught proved to be an efficient way to help active women. -4 prognosis of the behavior of these 50 women during labor was made. In 11 cases the personality was well balanced with endurance and self-confidence, because of which good results were expected. The results were very good in 8 cases and good in 3 cases. For 13 women the prognosis was bad because of neurotic and unstable personalities. The result In the group of dubious prognosis most was bad in 8, moderate in 3, and good in 2 cases. Psychoprophylaxis and the right atmosphere in w-omen had good and very good results. the labor room might have been most important in this group. woman
N.
To/.
55. No.
2, March-April,
‘Fauser,
Ii. C. Atrophy, Op de Reeck, Cohen, A. 31.: Mastboom, J. p. 171. Fauser
The The girl months. growth.
Praecox
in
author reports a case of was horn prematurely and She was mentally retarded.
contained
M.D.
Praecox in a 15.Month-Old Girl With Diffuse Ccrebral M.: p. 120. Some Obstetrical and Social Aspects of Perinatal Death, p. 131’. F. J.: The Culture of Placental Tissue in Vitro, p. 143. Monoamniotic Twins With Intertwining of the Umbilical Cords, L.:
: Pnbertaa p. 120.
Vaginal
vagina
HOFFMANN-KNOTTENBELT,
1955. Pubertas
Papanicolaou endometrium
a 15-Month-Old
Girl
With
Diffuse
Cerebral
incompletely developed isosexual precocious had \-aginal bleeding four times from the At the age of 10 months she developed
smears showed in proliferation.
estrogenic
influence.
Aspirated
blood
Atrophy, puberty. age of 14 pubic hair from
the