BRAIN R B
R
(
9
Research report
P
e m
a a
d
a
r
e
r
g
b
s
a
a
m
William S. Stone a, Harvey J. Altman b, Jeremy Hall c, Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval a, Priti Parekh a, Paul E. Gold a’* aDepartmentof Psychology,Universityof Virginia,GilmerHall, Charlottesville,VA22903,USA b Departmentof BehavioralAnimalResearch,LafayetteClinic,Detroit,M148207,USA CDepartmentsof Psychologyand ObstetricsandGynecology,WayneState UniuersiQ,Detroit,M148201,USA A
p p i a
6A
1
a N a
p
a a
c
6
s p
a
a
p
Keywords:P
a
e
S
;M
G
S
a
R
m
I
a
6
I f
i d
p i
[
a
p i
h
i
memorydeficits(e.g.[11,32]). S p a
d
[
5
[
1
i [
i
8 n
* C
F
a
+ 1 (
9
E
o
p 0
e C
PII S0006-8993(96)00976-6
0 1
E
S
B
r
r
0
W.S.Stoneet al./Brain Research742(1996)98-106
i P
a
p r
p Prenatal conditions
w s
Animals
c
N p a
d
p i
a
e
S
c
r
[
i
+
r g a [
e
s
Breeding
s
a
l
a i
p 8 s
f
Diet
–
a
d B e a a h
c p s
p a 6
i i a
e 8
a 6 p as
p 8
a s
a
p a a
i
c s
a l
i i
a s
a
Behavioral experiments
a 2.2.1. Housing
4 a
l ( a
e
W.S.Stoneet al./Brain Research742(1996)98-106
a A
Sleep
a
T p
r
t a
( e
3 a
1 1
a
e
c
a a
4
1 e
(
c
m Inhibitory avoidance training
c 6
i a
a
a A X
4 a
T
p
X
a
a
a
1
A i
s h
r p a
p n n
o
p
p
Spontaneous alternation behavior
p
2
c a
Radial arm maze training
I a r c
X
X a
a d
a
4
r p 8 a a
P a
X
101
W.S.Stoneet aL/Brain Research742(1996)98-106
a
p
a
a
l
X
a
p a a ap
a a = 6 a
Procedure
P <
=
t=
P <
f 6 c i
p
c =
(F=
p
a
p
P <
=
P<
n
o t
d a
p p b c
o r P
Results
E
5
2.4.1. Pre-weaning
P
B
measures
IN
I
I
d
+ e s
9
g
~ d
b
+
+
g
+ r
s
P
+ =
t=
+ P<
Sleep
r a
r
E
5
F = F a g n c n
M
d
a
n
( d
s
p
r l n
c
s
p d
s
c
b b
d s
s c
l
A
s s
m
9
p
b
c
g c
c
g
l
W.S.Stoneet al./Brain Research742(1996)98-106
10,
P
r
1
w
d m Z 0 0 0 w
*
L u $ 8
C
G
d P
2. M
p p
c w
s s
p r
b
s c
l s
s d
,,... 8 D
9
p
(
$ 4
E
5
F p r c
o
c
a g
a d p
p a
F m
r
C
l
T
c
r
t
8
r
a
(
i
P<
c
6 Inhibitory avoidance behavior at 6 and 18 months
a p
s
a
p 6 P
r
S
=
a
p
a
p
a
P
r
S
=
d
Spontaneous
alternation
behavior
and effects
n c a a t
(t=
P
=
e c
=
a p b
<
~
G
s * Behavior Radial arm maze behavior at 6 months
i
d s P
+
+
L
a M
i
P
a
F 1 a
G
a a i
d r ( = 5
s N
a g
c
of
f
W.S.Stoneet aL/Brain Research742(1996)98-106
d m
103
a 6
2
i5 z
@
6
/“””
@ / 2 r=
r= p
~
6
9
s
5 (
p n
@
● ✎
@ +
r
● ●
SOL::.....––U’.-J
?
a
(
F s N
R t
p
r y (
b b
a ( h T
l
s
c
w
r
v m
6 m a
n s l
e i
r
s a
6
f
p
n
o
b a
g
el
A
S a
a
d
i
a
a
l
=
P <0.01,
C p
c
6 s
a
c =
P
a
s a a
= r
p r C
p P< n
p = a
A
Stoneet al./Brain Research742(1996)98-106
W
m
i
in
i i
A
s p
r
[ i
i a
6 6
p
S
a
o
a a
s
l a c p a a
a s
i c d
p
6
c
s a
a s p m C
i
m s
c
n
A
c p
s (
s
r p p i
.
a s c
c
c
6 s
i r
c
c
A
[2] A
i
p
E
P
e
a
a
l
r
Pharmacol.Biochem.Behau, 10(1979)239-243. r
E
u i
a A
e C
d
Res., 6 (
d 3
W
[3] A
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, M
E 1
J A
E
P
G p
P g
A
Memory,64 (1995) 133-138. [5] B R E n
t
M
d
H
f
p
[
Learning
I D a
e
a N
[
rotoxicol.Teratol.,9 (1990)253–258. [6] B
D
S
4 B
n
m
[
d
S s
p
S b
[8] C
[
a
S
( [
C
h
BrainR..,, 493(1989)74-86.
C
a a 4
I
i
s
E
n
m
[
O
G
( [
O G T J I e p a c p m d b r Neurotoxicol,Teratol.,13(1991)377-386. M M B B P O U D r s p a r b d P M ( AdaptiveCapabilitiesof the Brain,Progress B R V E A 1 3 D S A R P e a C e h a m Z e L C
[ [
[12] G m
R n
s
217-228. [13] G P
[ [
[
[
[
[
B
L
t
S h
p n S
s
G
P
W b
E l
a P r
l m
p i
a d (
6
B
D
2
[
7 J
C r
M e 1 C
(
s E a T b
V
E
C g N C n a C a
r K
P [
e
a
[
s
H
a
n
[
b 7 P i N C
i s
e
[
m a (
u 1 e
P e
n
D
[
3 e r
d
t
p l
c
a
e B
G
S [
B P
s (
n A
R r 1
A
(
c C
B
o S a R S M p A S s m a S a B
E
(
s S f W r 4
m
L r
( N
h G S p
l A
(
p
p
r
4 U e l n d 7( 2 M s c d r B R
a e
O m
f
e R C
S d b
N R
d B N
P B c a
a
p
E r
a e
b E
O t E ( a
p P
r
e E S
e
a
1 a
C
B s
R
(
p
(
p
P B s
R
p a
D
G a b
B
R
S o P
o
I e
B
S
R e R i o R
b ( S i 7 S l
s
e
c
W a
g
M
w u 1 ~ i R e
r S O s ( S l a c S
S
f
d
a B
p
R
o
a
(
6 i
r
e
a
P
L d (
C
4 S
S
L
E D
m
M
L
C
S E
r
N R
a
W n G
d A
r
s
4e L
i
A p
p
n R
C
1
2
s B
S i
A s
i (
C
n
b
a
~
4
p s
1 W
s
a
a
R
P m a
a c
D
S D R
e hP e
G
P y
a R
W s
G
9 (
e
s
s
a u
R
m
G
R
R
b P
M p
r g
b
p W
G
S w ( S
s
l
B
G d
W d
e G s c 2
l
M a a
G r
l
( m
r
i g G
a m
s
P
m
w N W p 7
G
p
s
(
r A
N
G
d 1
(
B
r
2 R
R
m
d H
b (
R
S
R
a r
2
a
C
E e 2(
s b M
c (
i (
m
n A
D n (
b
H a
e
a
e
A
r
M
P
i
a c
a A
r G n d
f
s
H p
E
(
m
3
a 3
(
C
m
C 8( p
b T
R
[
c
M I m c I m P J
B d
a
N
I
R
G
S Y [
H
J P
[
E
h
K
b [
i
4
w
[
e
p
M
l
[
a
Brain Res,, 36 (1990)
B
m
N
s
[
p t
M r
H
[
e
K s a 2 L T T M s e M
( [
Neurotoxicol.Teratol.,12(1990)231-237.
[
B
e
m
m ( 1 G e m G ( H d ~ H s e H w
105
3
s
s
al./Brain Research742(1996)98-106
S
B
G N
o
W.S.Stoneet al./Brain Research742(1996)98-106 [
[
[
S A D T e ( T S B a e h 7( 5 W P D W R l
L e 3
M a R
a
A
a
s
A H
E
[
P
e
W M
S
Z s
W
S a
E
h
f
J
h
Y p d
M e
[
m w 4 W p t Z a B
B
b
T
r D
G N N S
B r
w B
g
f R
s
l P
C
I
,
t R a
A
n
(
H
l
6
S e 4
(
s
a B a (
da
A
S d
l s u