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hyperactivity symptoms in children at 7 years of age
138
NBTS / INA 2015 Abstracts
NTX114 Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in children at 7 years of age Pei-Yu Raoa, Wu-Shiun Hsiehb,d, Mei-Huei Chenc, Pau-Chung Chena a Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan b Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan c Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch Secretariat, Yunlin, Taiwan d National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Background: The association between maternal exposure of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the developmental impact on children has been studied in past. However, there is little report that discusses the relationship between maternal ETS exposure and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. This study aims to find the association between the cotinine levels in umbilical cord blood and ADHD symptoms at 7 years of age of children. Methods: The study recruited 191 mother–child pairs from the Taiwan Birth Panel Study (TBPS), a cohort group. We analyzed the umbilical cord blood of cotinine level, indicating the prenatal ETS levels, by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) and its detected limit demonstrated 0.05 ng/mL. In order to assess children's behavior when they were 7 year-olds, we used different questionnaires, Chinese version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale (SNAP-IV), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which had been reported by their parents/caregivers. We used multiple linear regression to adjust potential confounders, involving maternal education level, annual income, gender, and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Results: The geometric mean of cotinine level in cord blood is −1.56 ng/mL. According to continuous or categorical measures, we found that negative effects in CBCL, which are internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problem domains, and furthermore the attention problems (β = 1.45, p = 0.01) that higher risk group has difficulty in concentration or poor schoolworks and the rule-breaking behavior (β = 0.71, p = 0.04) which concerns lies/cheats, steal and sex problems of the CBCL test was significant. Conclusion: This study shows that prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has significantly negative association with the attention problems and rule-breaking in CBCL, but are insufficient in SNAP-IV and SDQ. Keywords: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), attention deficit/ hyperactivity, CBCL, SNAP-IV, SDQ doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.04.120
NTX115 Effects of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke on adiposity and metabolism: Preliminary evidence of attenuated energy metabolism Jameason Camerona,b, Kristi Adamoa, Eric Doucetb, Peter Friedc, Gary Goldfielda,b a Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada b University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada c Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada Introduction: Evidence of prenatal environments having persistent downstream effects on the health of the child is found in a recent meta-analysis indicating that in utero exposure to cigarette smoking is associated with childhood and adolescent obesity defined
by elevated body mass index. However, it remains unclear whether prenatal exposure to smoking is related to differences in body composition and/or persistent biological alterations in energy metabolism. The purpose of our research is to examine the association of prenatal maternal smoking status and adiposity, and to further examine whether an association exists with smoking status and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF), i.e., the metabolic rate required to process food. Methods: A cohort of 9 non-smoking males (n = 4 control and n = 5 smoking exposed) with a mean age of 20 (±2) years was recruited from a sample of 190 offspring followed as part of a longitudinal prenatal marijuana and smoking study (Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study). For this follow-up, subjects arrived at the laboratory in the morning after an overnight fast where body weight (Standard Scale, Tanita), height (Stadiometer, Tanita), body composition (DEXA, GE Systems), and RMR and TEF (Deltatrac II Cart, SensorMedics) were measured. Results: Due to the pilot nature of the data, comparisons between groups were assessed using effects sizes (ES) presented with means ± standard deviations, which were adjusted for birth weight. Relative to controls, subjects in late adolescence/early adulthood who were exposed to smoking during pregnancy exhibited greater percent body fat (30.5 ± 9.8 vs. 20.4 ± 9.8%, ES = 1.02) and lower relative RMR (20.9 ± 24.4 vs. 24.4 ± 2.6 kcal/kg, ES = −1.35) and TEF (2.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.31 ± 0.2 kcal/kg/120 min, ES- −1.10). Conclusions: Preliminary findings from this young adult cohort suggest that prenatal exposure to smoking may not only be associated with elevated adiposity, but also with altered energy metabolism evidenced by an attenuated RMR and TEF. These findings led us to perform a similar study that we are currently running with the same dependent variables in children aged 5–11 and we will be presenting both sets of data aimed at identifying potential mechanisms by which prenatal smoking may lead to downstream child obesity. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.04.121
NTX116 Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on early sexual activity: Gender difference in externalizing behavior as a mediator Meeyoung Min, Sonia Minnes, Miaoping Wu, Lynn Singer Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Objective: The aim of this study was to assess: 1) the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on early sexual behavior and 2) whether the earlier effect of PCE on externalizing behavior mediates the effects of PCE on early sexual activity differently by gender. Methods: Adolescents (N = 354; 180 PCE, 174 NCE; 192 girls, 142 boys), primarily African–American and of low socioeconomic status, were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth (88% retention). At the 15 year follow-up visits, age at first time of sexual intercourse was asked using items from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). Early sexual behavior was defined as any sexual intercourse before 15 years of age. Externalizing behavior was assessed at 12 years using the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Blood lead levels were measured at ages 2 or/and 4 years. Adolescent-reported violence exposure and parental monitoring were also assessed at 12 years. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the effects of PCE on early sexual activity and to test mediation controlling for covariates including other prenatal drug exposures, blood lead levels, parental monitoring, and violence exposure. Results: Adolescents with PCE (n = 69, 38%) were 2.3 times more likely (95% CI = 1.2–4.2, p b .008) to report sexual intercourse before age 15 than adolescents without PCE (n = 49, 28%) after controlling
NBTS / INA 2015 Abstracts
NTX114 Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in children at 7 years of age Pei-Yu Raoa, Wu-Shiun Hsiehb,d, Mei-Huei Chenc, Pau-Chung Chena a Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan b Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan c Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch Secretariat, Yunlin, Taiwan d National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Background: The association between maternal exposure of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the developmental impact on children has been studied in past. However, there is little report that discusses the relationship between maternal ETS exposure and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. This study aims to find the association between the cotinine levels in umbilical cord blood and ADHD symptoms at 7 years of age of children. Methods: The study recruited 191 mother–child pairs from the Taiwan Birth Panel Study (TBPS), a cohort group. We analyzed the umbilical cord blood of cotinine level, indicating the prenatal ETS levels, by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) and its detected limit demonstrated 0.05 ng/mL. In order to assess children's behavior when they were 7 year-olds, we used different questionnaires, Chinese version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale (SNAP-IV), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which had been reported by their parents/caregivers. We used multiple linear regression to adjust potential confounders, involving maternal education level, annual income, gender, and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Results: The geometric mean of cotinine level in cord blood is −1.56 ng/mL. According to continuous or categorical measures, we found that negative effects in CBCL, which are internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problem domains, and furthermore the attention problems (β = 1.45, p = 0.01) that higher risk group has difficulty in concentration or poor schoolworks and the rule-breaking behavior (β = 0.71, p = 0.04) which concerns lies/cheats, steal and sex problems of the CBCL test was significant. Conclusion: This study shows that prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has significantly negative association with the attention problems and rule-breaking in CBCL, but are insufficient in SNAP-IV and SDQ. Keywords: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), attention deficit/ hyperactivity, CBCL, SNAP-IV, SDQ doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.04.120
NTX115 Effects of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke on adiposity and metabolism: Preliminary evidence of attenuated energy metabolism Jameason Camerona,b, Kristi Adamoa, Eric Doucetb, Peter Friedc, Gary Goldfielda,b a Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada b University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada c Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada Introduction: Evidence of prenatal environments having persistent downstream effects on the health of the child is found in a recent meta-analysis indicating that in utero exposure to cigarette smoking is associated with childhood and adolescent obesity defined
by elevated body mass index. However, it remains unclear whether prenatal exposure to smoking is related to differences in body composition and/or persistent biological alterations in energy metabolism. The purpose of our research is to examine the association of prenatal maternal smoking status and adiposity, and to further examine whether an association exists with smoking status and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF), i.e., the metabolic rate required to process food. Methods: A cohort of 9 non-smoking males (n = 4 control and n = 5 smoking exposed) with a mean age of 20 (±2) years was recruited from a sample of 190 offspring followed as part of a longitudinal prenatal marijuana and smoking study (Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study). For this follow-up, subjects arrived at the laboratory in the morning after an overnight fast where body weight (Standard Scale, Tanita), height (Stadiometer, Tanita), body composition (DEXA, GE Systems), and RMR and TEF (Deltatrac II Cart, SensorMedics) were measured. Results: Due to the pilot nature of the data, comparisons between groups were assessed using effects sizes (ES) presented with means ± standard deviations, which were adjusted for birth weight. Relative to controls, subjects in late adolescence/early adulthood who were exposed to smoking during pregnancy exhibited greater percent body fat (30.5 ± 9.8 vs. 20.4 ± 9.8%, ES = 1.02) and lower relative RMR (20.9 ± 24.4 vs. 24.4 ± 2.6 kcal/kg, ES = −1.35) and TEF (2.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.31 ± 0.2 kcal/kg/120 min, ES- −1.10). Conclusions: Preliminary findings from this young adult cohort suggest that prenatal exposure to smoking may not only be associated with elevated adiposity, but also with altered energy metabolism evidenced by an attenuated RMR and TEF. These findings led us to perform a similar study that we are currently running with the same dependent variables in children aged 5–11 and we will be presenting both sets of data aimed at identifying potential mechanisms by which prenatal smoking may lead to downstream child obesity. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.04.121
NTX116 Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on early sexual activity: Gender difference in externalizing behavior as a mediator Meeyoung Min, Sonia Minnes, Miaoping Wu, Lynn Singer Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Objective: The aim of this study was to assess: 1) the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on early sexual behavior and 2) whether the earlier effect of PCE on externalizing behavior mediates the effects of PCE on early sexual activity differently by gender. Methods: Adolescents (N = 354; 180 PCE, 174 NCE; 192 girls, 142 boys), primarily African–American and of low socioeconomic status, were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth (88% retention). At the 15 year follow-up visits, age at first time of sexual intercourse was asked using items from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). Early sexual behavior was defined as any sexual intercourse before 15 years of age. Externalizing behavior was assessed at 12 years using the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Blood lead levels were measured at ages 2 or/and 4 years. Adolescent-reported violence exposure and parental monitoring were also assessed at 12 years. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the effects of PCE on early sexual activity and to test mediation controlling for covariates including other prenatal drug exposures, blood lead levels, parental monitoring, and violence exposure. Results: Adolescents with PCE (n = 69, 38%) were 2.3 times more likely (95% CI = 1.2–4.2, p b .008) to report sexual intercourse before age 15 than adolescents without PCE (n = 49, 28%) after controlling