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Preparation of nitrate-H2SO4-graphite intercalation compounds by a two-step intercalation method
1696
CARBON
4 8 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 1 6 9 3 –1 6 9 6
Chemical functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by
Ternary graphite intercalation compounds (GICs), nitrate/
hexamethylene diamine
nitric acid-sulfuric acid-GICs, were prepared by a two-step
Fu-hua Zhanga, Rong-guo Wangb, Xiao-dong Heb, Wen-bo Liub,
method. Their structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction,
Jie Youb
scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spec-
a
troscopy. Results showed that the two-step method favored the
Institute of Marine Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai
Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China b
Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin
150001, China
formation of lower stage-GICs by promoting the intercalation of nitrate or nitric acid and enlarging the interlayer spacing. The expanded GICs, whose expansion volume can reach 450 mL/g, showed obvious graphite layers and a uniform porous structure.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified by
The two-step method had many advantages compared with the
grafting with hexamethylene diamine to obtain reactive amine
direct intercalation method, such as safety in operation, less pol-
groups. Acid treatment was used to cut the MWCNTs at defect
lution during experiments and ease of industrial scale-up. [New Carbon Materials 2009;24(4):379–82].
sites. Carboxyl groups produced by the acid treatment were converted to carbonyl chloride by thionyl chloride, and hexamethyl-
doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.022
ene diamine was grafted to the ends of the cut MWCNTs by its substitutional reaction with carbonyl chloride. XPS, TEM and SEM were used to characterize the samples during the course of modification. Results indicated that MWCNTs were shortened from tens of microns to about 500 nm by the acid treatment. Hexamethylene diamine was successfully grafted onto the ends of
Professor Maozhang Wang and his research activities in carbon materials Yong-gang Yanga, Quan-hong Yangb
the MWCNTs with a grafted N content as high as 3.29 mol%.
a
The grafted MWCNTs can be dispersed uniformly in acetone.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
[New Carbon Materials 2009;24(4):369–74.] doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.020
b
Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University,
Tianjin 300072, China Professor Maozhang Wang was born in October 1938, and graduated from Tianjin University in 1960. Since then, he has
A simple solvothermal route to synthesize carbon microspheres
been working on carbon- and coal-related research programs in
Yuan-zhu Mia, Ying-liang Liub
the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
a
In the early 1980s, he spent two years doing research on liquid-
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze Univer-
sity, Jingzhou 434023, China b
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
phase carbonization chemistry in Kyushu University, Japan. As one of the organizers, he was involved in many social activities in the Chinese Carbon Society and he was a member of the advi-
Carbon microspheres were prepared by a simple solvothermal
sory and editorial boards of several Chinese carbon journals. In
route in a stainless steel autoclave. Absolute ethanol was used as
his nearly 50 years’ research on carbon, his research activities
carbon source and solvent, and nickel as catalyst, obtained by
span from carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers to very novel
reducing Ni(Ac)2 in absolute ethanol. Carbon microspheres were
carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. He
obtained at 500 °C for 48 h. The samples were characterized by
worked as the principal or main investigator for many projects
X-ray powder diffractometer, scanning and transmission electron
on carbon. He also wrote a lot of review papers and books to intro-
microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that there
duce the latest advances on novel carbon materials. Two of the
were acicular and spherical carbon particles in the as-prepared
books, “Carbon fibers and their composites” and “Preparation,
samples. The carbon microspheres had diameters ranging from
properties and applications of carbon fibers” were regarded as
1 to 2 lm. and the acicular particles had diameters ranging from
basic carbon textbooks by many carbon researchers in China.
1 to 2 lm and lengths ranging from 3 to 6 lm. The yield of carbon microspheres was over 95% with a narrow size distribution and perfect shape. [New Carbon Materials 2009;24(4):375–8]. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.021
Preparation of nitrate-H2SO4-graphite intercalation compounds by a two-step intercalation method Zhi-dong Han, Peng Du, Li-min Dong, Xian-you Zhang Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
[New Carbon Materials 2009;24(4):383–4]. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.023
CARBON
4 8 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 1 6 9 3 –1 6 9 6
Chemical functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by
Ternary graphite intercalation compounds (GICs), nitrate/
hexamethylene diamine
nitric acid-sulfuric acid-GICs, were prepared by a two-step
Fu-hua Zhanga, Rong-guo Wangb, Xiao-dong Heb, Wen-bo Liub,
method. Their structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction,
Jie Youb
scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spec-
a
troscopy. Results showed that the two-step method favored the
Institute of Marine Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai
Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China b
Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin
150001, China
formation of lower stage-GICs by promoting the intercalation of nitrate or nitric acid and enlarging the interlayer spacing. The expanded GICs, whose expansion volume can reach 450 mL/g, showed obvious graphite layers and a uniform porous structure.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified by
The two-step method had many advantages compared with the
grafting with hexamethylene diamine to obtain reactive amine
direct intercalation method, such as safety in operation, less pol-
groups. Acid treatment was used to cut the MWCNTs at defect
lution during experiments and ease of industrial scale-up. [New Carbon Materials 2009;24(4):379–82].
sites. Carboxyl groups produced by the acid treatment were converted to carbonyl chloride by thionyl chloride, and hexamethyl-
doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.022
ene diamine was grafted to the ends of the cut MWCNTs by its substitutional reaction with carbonyl chloride. XPS, TEM and SEM were used to characterize the samples during the course of modification. Results indicated that MWCNTs were shortened from tens of microns to about 500 nm by the acid treatment. Hexamethylene diamine was successfully grafted onto the ends of
Professor Maozhang Wang and his research activities in carbon materials Yong-gang Yanga, Quan-hong Yangb
the MWCNTs with a grafted N content as high as 3.29 mol%.
a
The grafted MWCNTs can be dispersed uniformly in acetone.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
[New Carbon Materials 2009;24(4):369–74.] doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.020
b
Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University,
Tianjin 300072, China Professor Maozhang Wang was born in October 1938, and graduated from Tianjin University in 1960. Since then, he has
A simple solvothermal route to synthesize carbon microspheres
been working on carbon- and coal-related research programs in
Yuan-zhu Mia, Ying-liang Liub
the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
a
In the early 1980s, he spent two years doing research on liquid-
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze Univer-
sity, Jingzhou 434023, China b
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
phase carbonization chemistry in Kyushu University, Japan. As one of the organizers, he was involved in many social activities in the Chinese Carbon Society and he was a member of the advi-
Carbon microspheres were prepared by a simple solvothermal
sory and editorial boards of several Chinese carbon journals. In
route in a stainless steel autoclave. Absolute ethanol was used as
his nearly 50 years’ research on carbon, his research activities
carbon source and solvent, and nickel as catalyst, obtained by
span from carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers to very novel
reducing Ni(Ac)2 in absolute ethanol. Carbon microspheres were
carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. He
obtained at 500 °C for 48 h. The samples were characterized by
worked as the principal or main investigator for many projects
X-ray powder diffractometer, scanning and transmission electron
on carbon. He also wrote a lot of review papers and books to intro-
microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that there
duce the latest advances on novel carbon materials. Two of the
were acicular and spherical carbon particles in the as-prepared
books, “Carbon fibers and their composites” and “Preparation,
samples. The carbon microspheres had diameters ranging from
properties and applications of carbon fibers” were regarded as
1 to 2 lm. and the acicular particles had diameters ranging from
basic carbon textbooks by many carbon researchers in China.
1 to 2 lm and lengths ranging from 3 to 6 lm. The yield of carbon microspheres was over 95% with a narrow size distribution and perfect shape. [New Carbon Materials 2009;24(4):375–8]. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.021
Preparation of nitrate-H2SO4-graphite intercalation compounds by a two-step intercalation method Zhi-dong Han, Peng Du, Li-min Dong, Xian-you Zhang Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
[New Carbon Materials 2009;24(4):383–4]. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.023